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14 Cards in this Set

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Metabolic acidosis
Occurs as a result of excess acid production in the body or rapid excretion of bicarb from the body. Metabolic system primary prob, respiratory system compensates.
Metabolic acidosis s/s
Kussmaul respirations, hypotension, arrhythmia, confusion, HA, lethargy, abdominal pain
Possible causes of metabolic acidosis
Ketoacidosis, shock, severe diarrhea, impaired kidney function
Possible causes of metabolic alkalosis
Steroids, NG suctioning, prolonged vomiting, thiazides, TPN infusion
Metabolic alkalosis s/s
dysrhythmias, physical weakness, muscle cramping, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, convulsions, confusion
Metabolic alkalosis
Occurs as a result of a loss of acid or a decrease in the level of bicarb in the body. Lungs compensate by fewer & longer breaths. Kidneys excrete bicarb.
Respiratory acidosis causes
over sedation, brainstem trauma, immobility, respiratory muscle paralysis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, emphysema, bronchitis. Can be too slow or too fast breathing.
Respiratory acidosis s/s
dyspnea, hypoxia, restlessness, confusion, tachycardia, tachpnea, dyrhythmias, seizures
Respiratory acidosis
Occurs when there is an excess buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. It is the most common of the acid-base imbalances.
Respiratory alkalosis
This condition is due to low circulating carbon dioxide levels in the blood from hyperventilation secondary to hypoxia, pulmonary emboli, pain, anxiety, pregnancy, or alveolar hyperventialtion as see in clients who are on a ventilator with a high tidal volume and increased respiratory rate.
Respiratory alkalosis causes
hyperventilation w anxiety, pulmonary disease, high altitudes
Hypertonic fluids..
shift fluid into the blood plasma by moving fluid from tissue cells
Isotonic fluids....
Keep fluid in the intravascular volume
Hypotonic fluids....
Shifts fluid from intravascular to the tissue cells