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55 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Levels of protection for the CNS

1. Cranial Bones


2. Meninges


3. CSF

Cranial Bones

1. Frontal


2. Parietal


3. Temporal


4. Occipital

Cranial Bones provide rigid protection
Cranial bones correspond with lobes and provide rigid protection
Meninges

-Membrane protection


1. Dura Mater


2. Arachnoid Mater


3. Pia Mater


4. Spinal Meninges

Dura Mater

-Outer layer


-Incredibly resilient and rigid


-Contains blood vessels and nerves


-Contains sinuses



Sinuses
Contains CSF within sinuses
Arachnoid Mater

-Contains Subarachnoid space


-No nerves or blood vessels



Subarachnoid Space
Contains CSF
Pia Mater

-Deepest


-Contains nerves and blood vessels


-Adheres directly to brain and spinal cord

Spinal meninges

-Contains epidural space



Epidural space
Exists between bone and Dura Mater
Bones, CSF, and Meninges all protect brain and spinal cord
True
CSF

-Cerebral Spinal Fluid


-Shock Absorber


-Contains blood plasma, H2O

Choroid Plexus
Filters blood plasma, highly vascular in nature and draws fluid out of blood plasma and becomes CSF
Ventricles

-Lateral 1 and 2


-3rd Ventricle

Lateral 1 and 2 Ventricle

-Forms mast majority of CSF


-Contains interventricular foramen

1st Ventricle

Left hemispere



2nd Ventricle
Right hemisphere
Interventricular foramen
Connects 1st and 2nd to 3rd and 4th ventricle

3rd ventricle

-Located near diencephalon


-Cerebral aqueduct


-Openings to subarachnoid space

Cerebral aqueduct
Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle
Openings to subarachnoid space
Located near 4th ventricle near the cerebellum
Hematoma

generally a localizations of blood, caused by trauma

Epidural hematoma
Between brain and skull
Subdural hematoma
Between dura mater and arachnoid mater
Meningitis

-Bacterial or viral inflammation


-Puts pressure on neurological tissue


-Causes confusion, dizziness, sleepiness, headaches

Hydrocephalus

-CSF Statis (no movement)


-Increases CSF pressure


-Increases ventricle sizes

Hematoma symptoms

-Confusion


-Dizziness


-Sleepiness


-Headaches

Blood Supply to CNS

1. Internal Carotid arteries R and L


2. Vertebral arteries R and L form the Basilar Artery

4 Main Supply to the Brain

1. R Internal Carotid


2. L Internal Carotid


3. R Vertebral


4. L Vertebral

R and L Vertebral Arteries
Form Basilar Artery
Internal Carotid Arteries

-R and L


-Divides 3x



Divides 3x

-Middle Cerebral


-Anterior Communicating


-Posterior Communicating Artery



Circle of Willis

-Redundancy of blood supply


1. Anterior Cerebral


2. Middle Cerebral


3. Posterior Cerebral

Anterior Cerebral
Supplies frontal and parietal lobes
Middle cerebral

-Deeper into brain


-Branches off the circle


-Midline

Posterior cerebral
Supplies occipital lobe
Vertebral
Brain

Spinal
Spine
What forms the Circle?
Communicating Branches
Communicating branches
=Communicating arteries
Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries

Supply Anterior/Posterior 1/2 of the cord, not the brain



What happens if you get a blockage in one of the main supplies? Cerebral branch? Communicating arteries?
If blockage occurs within the communicating arteries, aka Circle, blood supply will be redundant
Blood Brain Barrier

1. Selectively permeable


2. Formed by tightly connected endothelial ends (Choroid plexus)


3. Security system for CNS

The CNS has constant demand for two substances

1. Glucose


2. Oxygen

CVA

-Cerebral Vascular Accident


-Stroke


-Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic CVA



Hemorrhagic CVA

-Artery has ruptured


-Blood is still getting through the rupture with blood


-Pressure increases and causes neurological deficits

Ischemic CVA

-Artery is blocked, cut off, no blood


-Tissue dies faster

TIA
Transient Ischemic Attacks
Transient Ischemic Attacks

-Mini Strokes


-Result of a blood clot


-Resolves itself within 24 hours


-Results in neurological deficits

Blood clots forms elsewhere in the body
Blood clot breaks free and moves to other areas and becomes lodged
Strokes in the left hemisphere

-Effects right side of the body


-Sensory loss in extremities


-Language deficits


-"Cautious"



"Cautious"
Look both ways before crossing road
Strokes in right hemisphere

-Effects left side of the body


-"Left neglect"


-Impulsive



Impulsive
Lose their safety awareness