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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Levels of protection for the CNS
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1. Cranial Bones 2. Meninges 3. CSF |
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Cranial Bones
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1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal 4. Occipital |
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Cranial Bones provide rigid protection
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Cranial bones correspond with lobes and provide rigid protection
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Meninges
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-Membrane protection 1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid Mater 3. Pia Mater 4. Spinal Meninges |
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Dura Mater
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-Outer layer -Incredibly resilient and rigid -Contains blood vessels and nerves -Contains sinuses |
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Sinuses
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Contains CSF within sinuses
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Arachnoid Mater
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-Contains Subarachnoid space -No nerves or blood vessels |
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Subarachnoid Space
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Contains CSF
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Pia Mater
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-Deepest -Contains nerves and blood vessels -Adheres directly to brain and spinal cord |
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Spinal meninges
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-Contains epidural space |
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Epidural space
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Exists between bone and Dura Mater
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Bones, CSF, and Meninges all protect brain and spinal cord
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True
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CSF
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-Cerebral Spinal Fluid -Shock Absorber -Contains blood plasma, H2O |
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Choroid Plexus
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Filters blood plasma, highly vascular in nature and draws fluid out of blood plasma and becomes CSF
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Ventricles
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-Lateral 1 and 2 -3rd Ventricle |
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Lateral 1 and 2 Ventricle
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-Forms mast majority of CSF -Contains interventricular foramen |
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1st Ventricle
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Left hemispere |
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2nd Ventricle
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Right hemisphere
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Interventricular foramen
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Connects 1st and 2nd to 3rd and 4th ventricle
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3rd ventricle
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-Located near diencephalon -Cerebral aqueduct -Openings to subarachnoid space |
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Cerebral aqueduct
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Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle
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Openings to subarachnoid space
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Located near 4th ventricle near the cerebellum
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Hematoma
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generally a localizations of blood, caused by trauma |
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Epidural hematoma
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Between brain and skull
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Subdural hematoma
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Between dura mater and arachnoid mater
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Meningitis
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-Bacterial or viral inflammation -Puts pressure on neurological tissue -Causes confusion, dizziness, sleepiness, headaches |
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Hydrocephalus
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-CSF Statis (no movement) -Increases CSF pressure -Increases ventricle sizes |
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Hematoma symptoms
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-Confusion -Dizziness -Sleepiness -Headaches |
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Blood Supply to CNS
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1. Internal Carotid arteries R and L 2. Vertebral arteries R and L form the Basilar Artery |
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4 Main Supply to the Brain
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1. R Internal Carotid 2. L Internal Carotid 3. R Vertebral 4. L Vertebral |
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R and L Vertebral Arteries
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Form Basilar Artery
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Internal Carotid Arteries
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-R and L -Divides 3x |
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Divides 3x
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-Middle Cerebral -Anterior Communicating -Posterior Communicating Artery |
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Circle of Willis
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-Redundancy of blood supply 1. Anterior Cerebral 2. Middle Cerebral 3. Posterior Cerebral |
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Anterior Cerebral
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Supplies frontal and parietal lobes
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Middle cerebral
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-Deeper into brain -Branches off the circle -Midline |
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Posterior cerebral
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Supplies occipital lobe
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Vertebral
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Brain
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Spinal
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Spine
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What forms the Circle?
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Communicating Branches
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Communicating branches
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=Communicating arteries
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Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries
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Supply Anterior/Posterior 1/2 of the cord, not the brain |
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What happens if you get a blockage in one of the main supplies? Cerebral branch? Communicating arteries?
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If blockage occurs within the communicating arteries, aka Circle, blood supply will be redundant
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Blood Brain Barrier
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1. Selectively permeable 2. Formed by tightly connected endothelial ends (Choroid plexus) 3. Security system for CNS |
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The CNS has constant demand for two substances
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1. Glucose 2. Oxygen |
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CVA
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-Cerebral Vascular Accident -Stroke -Hemorrhagic vs Ischemic CVA |
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Hemorrhagic CVA
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-Artery has ruptured -Blood is still getting through the rupture with blood -Pressure increases and causes neurological deficits |
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Ischemic CVA
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-Artery is blocked, cut off, no blood -Tissue dies faster |
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TIA
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Transient Ischemic Attacks
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Transient Ischemic Attacks
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-Mini Strokes -Result of a blood clot -Resolves itself within 24 hours -Results in neurological deficits |
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Blood clots forms elsewhere in the body
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Blood clot breaks free and moves to other areas and becomes lodged
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Strokes in the left hemisphere
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-Effects right side of the body -Sensory loss in extremities -Language deficits -"Cautious" |
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"Cautious"
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Look both ways before crossing road
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Strokes in right hemisphere
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-Effects left side of the body -"Left neglect" -Impulsive |
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Impulsive
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Lose their safety awareness
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