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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peter Berger
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1963- the sociological perspective: "seeing the general in the particular"
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Emile Durkheim
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1858-1917-examined suicide records in France finding white, wealthy, protestant and unmarried people commit most suicides
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C.W. Mills
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1959- used Great Depression to show how trying times help people employ sociological perspective
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John Locke
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1632-1704- began sentiments of individualism and personal liberty (as opposed to duties to God/king)
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Auguste Comte
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1798-1857- coined the term sociology; 3 stages of developement- theological stage (society product of God), metaphysical stage (society is a NATURAL phenom), and scientific stage; positivism- all is based on direct facts (linked with structural-functionalism)
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Herbert Spencer
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1820-1903- SFA, compared society to the human body (all parts in accord)
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Robert Merton
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1910-2003- SFA pointed out societies manifest (intended) and latent functions
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W.E.B. DuBois
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1868-1963- RCA first Black doctorate from Harvard, sociologist
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Karl Marx
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socialism, SCA, class warfare
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Max Weber
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SIA emphasized setting and POV in studies; verstehen (understanding) in interpretive sociology
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William F Whyte
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wrote "Cornerville", a sociology book based on participant observation in the hood; showed differing values of classes
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Rene Descartes
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The ghost in the machine, Cartesian Dualism
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Jean Rosseau
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Human as "The Noble Savage", romanticism
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cultural transmition
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process in which one generation passes culture to the next
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Edward Sapir & Ben Whorf
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Sapir-Whorf Thesis- people percieve world through the lens of language
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Values
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culturaly defined standards people use to decide what is acceptable, beautiful, evil, ect.
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Beliefs
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specific statements people see as true
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Ideal v Real Culture
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"do as I say not as I do"
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sociocultural evolution
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historical changes in culture caused by new tech.
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cultural lag
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material culture moves faster than non-material can keep up
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Structural-Functional approach
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SFA shows how culture operates to meet needs, emphasizes stability; linked to
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Social-Conflict approach
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SCA states human social systems promote inequality, stress change
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sociobiology
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studies how human biology influences culture
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Charles Darwin
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1800s- human behavior is instinct, ethnocentric
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John Watson
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early 1900s- behavior is learned, nurture over nature
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Abraham Maslow
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unsatisfied needs are motivation; physiological, safety, love, esteem, self actualization
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Freud
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elements of personality; id, the ego, superego; psychoanalysis,
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Jean Piaget
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studied cognition; 4 stages of development; sensor motor stage, preoperational stage, cooncrete operational stage, formal operational stage
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Lawrence Kohlberg
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Theory of Moral development; preconventional level (pain and pleasure), conventional level (teens,define right and wrong in normative terms), post-conventional (beyond society, abstract principles)
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Carol Gilligan
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compared that boys and girls have different standards for right and wrong (girls:care and responsibility, boys:impersonal rules)
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George Mead
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Theory of Social Self; self is a product of social experience; two images, the I (how we see self) and the me (how others see self)
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Erik Erikson
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8 Stages of Human Development; trust, autonomy, initiative, industriousness, identity, intimacy, making a difference and integrity
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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
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5 stages of death; denial, anger, negotiation, resignation and acceptance
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Kingsley Davis
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studied socially isolated child Anna; showed social experience forms the personality
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