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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phylogeny
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the evolutionary history of a species or group of species
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systematics
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A scientific discipline focused on classifying organisms and determining their evolutionary relationships
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taxon
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A named taxonomic unit at any given level of classification.
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specific epithet
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The second (uncapitalized) word in the scientific name of a species
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Prokaryotic
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organisms without membrane-bound nuclei or other membrane-bound organelles
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Eukaryotic
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organisms consisting of one or more cells with nuclei and other membrane-bound organelles
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Domain's of prokaryotic organisms?
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Bacteria and Archea
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Reproduction of prokaryotic organisms?
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Asexual Reproduction: Budding and binary fission.
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Heterotrophic
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Doesn't make own food
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Autotrophic
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Makes own food.
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Name some organisms in Protista?
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Protozoans, Algea, and Fungus like molds
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monophyletic
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Relating to, descended from, or derived from one stock or source.
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polyphyletic
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Descended or derived from more than one ancestral stock or source.
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paraphyletic
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Pertaining to a group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.
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Hollow, ribbed stems,tougehned with cilia and tiny, whorled, scale-like leaaves occur in:
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Arthrophyta
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haploid
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A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
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diploid
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A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
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mitosis
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A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
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meiosis
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A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.
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gamete
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A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
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Spore
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In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. (2) In fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycelium after germination.
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zygote
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The diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg
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gametophyte
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In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.
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sporophyte
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In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.
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syngamy
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The fusion of two gametes to form a zygote.
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isomorphic
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Referring to alternating generations in plants and certain algae in which the sporophytes and gametophytes look alike, although they differ in chromosome number.
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heteromorphic
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Referring to a condition in the life cycle of plants and certain algae in which the sporophyte and gametophyte generations differ in morphology.
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karyogamy
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The fusion of two nuclei, as part of syngamy (fertilization).
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plasmogamy
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The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy (fertilization).
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Phylum Chlorophyta
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green algea
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Phylum Gymnoameoba
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ameoba
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Phylum Phaeophyta
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brown algea
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Phylum Rhodophyta
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red algea
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diatom
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A unicellular photosynthetic alga with a unique glassy cell wall containing silica
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dicot
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A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade; species once classified as dicots are now grouped into eudicots, magnoliids, and several lineages of basal angiosperms.
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monocot
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Member of a clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon.
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cotyledon
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A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two.
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angiosperm
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A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
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dioecious
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In plant biology, having the male and female reproductive parts on different individuals of the same species.
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homospory
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the production of a single kind of spore, neither microspore nor megaspore
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heterospory
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the production of both mircropores and megaspores
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Fungi with no sexual reproduction
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imperfect fungi
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Fungi with sexual reproduction
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perfect fungi
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Sexual reproduction in Ascomycota
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ascus
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Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycota
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basidium
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What does a mycobiont provide in a lichen
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shelter and attachment
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What does a photobiont provide in a lichen
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nutrients through photosynthesis
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Phylum Bryophyta
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true mosses
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Phylum Hepatophyta
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liverworts
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Phylum Anrhocerophyta
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hornworts
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Phylum Psilophyta
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whiskferns
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Phylum Lycophyta
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clubmosses
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Phylum Arthrophyta
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horsetails
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Phylum Pterophyta
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true ferns
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Gymnosperms means:
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naked seed plant
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Phylum Gnetophyta
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Ephedra
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Phylum Coniferophyta
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Conifers
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thallus
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A seaweed body that is plantlike, consisting of a holdfast, stipe, and blades, yet lacks true roots, stems, and leaves.
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