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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sodium Imbalances
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Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia |
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Food Sources of Sodium
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Pizza
Canned Vegetables Canned Soups Salty Snacks Prepared Foods |
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Hyponatremia Signs & Symptoms
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Sodium <135 mEq/L
Fluid Excess or Deficit Mental Status Changes Weakness Nausea and Vomiting |
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Interventions for Hyponatremia
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Monitor Intake and Output
Monitor Weight Restrict Fluids Administer Diuretics/Steroids |
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Hypernatremia Signs & Symptoms
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Sodium >145 mEq/L
Thirst Mental Status Changes Seizures Muscle Weakness Respiratory Compromise |
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Interventions for Hypernatremia
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Treat Fluid Imbalance First
Monitor Intake and Output Monitor Weight Administer Diuretics Restrict Dietary Sodium Treat Cause |
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Food Sources of Potassium
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Sweet Potato
Beet Greens Potato Yogurt Prune Juice Soybeans Bananas |
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Hypokalemia Signs & Symptoms
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K+ <3.5 mEq/L
Muscle Weakness Shallow Respirations Mental Status Changes Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Arrest |
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Interventions for Hypokalemia
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Treat Underlying Cause
Offer Potassium-Rich Foods Administer Potassium Replacement Teach Patient Signs and Symptoms to Report Self-Administration of Supplement |
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Hyperkalemia Signs & Symptoms
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K+ >5 mEq/L
Muscle Twitching and Cramps Later Muscle Weakness Diarrhea Low Blood Pressure Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Arrest |
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Interventions for Hyperkalemia
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Limit Dietary Potassium
Hold Potassium Supplements Administer Medications as Ordered Potassium-Losing Diuretic Kayexalate Insulin with Glucose |
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Food Sources of Calcium
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Fortified Cereals
Yogurt Cheese Milk Canned Sardines |
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Hypocalcemia Signs & Symptoms
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Ca++ <9 mg/dL or 4.5 mEq/L
Mental Status Changes Hyperactive Deep Tendon Reflexes Diarrhea Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Arrest |
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Interventions for Hypocalcemia
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Treat Cause
Increase Dietary Calcium Administer Medications as Ordered IV Calcium Gluconate PO Calcium Supplements Aluminum Hydroxide to Bind Phosphate |
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Hypercalcemia Signs & Symptoms
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Ca++ >11 mg/dL or 5.5 mEq/L
Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Skeletal Muscle Weakness Decreased GI Motility Decreased Blood Clotting |
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Interventions for Hypercalcemia
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Administer Fluids
Administer Medications as Ordered Furosemide Plicamycin D-penicillamine Hemodialysis |
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Hypomagnesemia Signs & Symptoms
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Mg++ <1.5 mEq/L
Positive Trousseau’s Sign Positive Chvostek’s Sign Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Arrest |
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Interventions for Hypomagnesemia
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Treat Underlying Cause
Administer Magnesium Replacement |
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Hypermagnesemia Signs & Symptoms
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Mg++ >2.5 mEq/L
Hypotension Lethargy Skeletal Muscle Weakness Respiratory Failure Cardiac Dysrhythmia and Arrest |
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Interventions for Hypermagnesemia
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Administer IV Fluids
Administer Medications as Ordered Loop Diuretics (Furosemide) Dialysis |
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Cerebral Palsy
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Permanent damage to motor centers of brain.
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Cause of Cerebral Palsy
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Lack of oxygen and/or nutrients to brain before, during, or after birth
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Types of Cerebral Palsy
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(most common);
dyskinetic, ataxic; each with specific characteristic mvts |
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Observed Behavior
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uses only 1 hand;
crawls with unaffected side, walks on toes, poor sucking/feeding, poor muscle tone, exaggerated back arching, feels stiff(hard to diaper/dress), assumes abnormal postures |
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Earliest Cue in Cerebral Palsy
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Abnormal lingering reflexes
persistent Moro reflex (startle) persistent Plantar reflex (toes flare) |
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Possible complications with Cerebral Palsy
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Vision
Hearing Mental deficits |
