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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FLA
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First Language Acquisition
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B.F. Skinner
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"sage on the stage"
tabula rasa positive and negative reinforcements believed humans are programmable used mimicry in learning |
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Noam Chomsky
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believes language is a naturally learned behavior
Innatism/Naturalism |
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Innatism
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Language in innate
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CPH
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Critical Period Hypothesis
*must learn language by a certain age |
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LAD
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Language Acquisition Device
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Stephen Krashen
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away from behaviorism
Immersion--Dive in to the language Monitor Model |
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Monitor Model
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1. Acquisition vs. Learning
2. Natural Order--you learn lang in a predictable way 3. Comprehensive Input--lang is learned through reading and listening 4. Affective Filter-- if a student is stressed, they will have problems 5. Monitor-- a language person monitors everything they say |
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Cognitivism/Interactionism
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1970s
How the brain processes knowledge |
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Vigotsky
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scaffolding
ZPD--Zone of Proximal Development |
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Grammar Translation
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popular in the 1880s
translating dead languages focus on written language teacher does not have to be fluent |
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Direct Method
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Charles Berlitz
focus on speaking and listening speak in TL --not enough fluent teachers--student frustrations high |
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Audiolingualism
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1940s
behaviorism in action mimicry and pos/neg reinforcements uses phrases and repetition lack of autonomy |
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MKO
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More Knowledgeable Other
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The Silent Way
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the teacher is silent
teacher presents the problem and the students work to solve it Mnemonic devices |
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Suggestopedia
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different ways of learning
affective filter home-like setting in the classroom near hypnotic states classroom space matters |
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Community Language Teaching
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focus on students' involvement in the community
teacher needs a relationship with the students students have a say in what they learn self error correction |
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TPR
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Total Physical Response
James Asher give the students commands to follow |
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Task Based Approach
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how do you do things with language?
focuses on tasks students will have to do vaguely on grammar and vocabulary |
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Crazy English
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teacher stands before a crowd of students and shouts out words and the students repeat
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SBA
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Strategies Based Approach
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strategy
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anything a student can do to facilitate learning and recall
Help students figure out what to do to make language easier. |
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4 skills
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reading, writing, listening, reading
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CLT
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Communicative Language teaching
separates language into 4 different competencies |
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4 Competencies
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1. Grammatical
2. Sociocultural 3. Strategic 4. Discoursal |
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Strategic Competence
Metacognitive |
1. Advance Organization
2. Directed Attention 3. Self-Management 4. Self Monitoring 5. Sefl Evaluation |
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Strategic Competence
Cognitive |
1. Repetition
2. Grouping 3. Note Taking 4. Keywords 5. Guess and Assess |
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Socio-Affective Strategies
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1. Question for Clarification
2. Slow down cue 3. Word Coinage 4. Circumlocution 5. Language Switch 6. Miming 7. Avoidance 8. Message Abandonment 9. Using the Native language |
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Why use strategies?
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Teaches students to become autonomous
More efficient with language learn faster |
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Listening Strategies
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Speech Act--words that produce the action
Adjacency Pairs Greetings Direct Questions Apologies |
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Speaking
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pronunciation and accent is not the main objective
unwritten cultural rules--turn taking, topic shifting SELF GENERATED |
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Reading Strategies
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Keywords
Guess and Assess Pre-reading top down/ bottom up |
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ESL
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English as a second Language
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EFL
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English as a foreign language
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SLA
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Second Language Acquisition
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FLA
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First Language Acquistion
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ELL
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English Language Learners
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NES
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Native English Speaker
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NNES
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Non-Native English Speaker
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TESL
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Act of teaching English as a second language
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TESOL
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Teaching English to speakers of other language
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TOEFL
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Test of English as a foreign language
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L1
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first language
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NL
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native language
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L2
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any language other than the speaker's first
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HL
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Heritage Language
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TL
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target language
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How much skills are used
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Listening 50%
Reading 15% Writing 10% Speaking 25% |
