Territory To Statehood Review

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DAWES ACT

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An act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes.

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BOARDING SCHOOLS

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refers to one of many schools that were established in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries to educate Native American children and youths according to Euro-American standards.

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INDIAN REORGANIZATION ACT

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Indian Reorganization Act, legislation passed in 1934 in the United States in an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations. Its main provisions were to restore to Native Americans management of their assets (mostly land); to prevent further depletion of reservation resources; to build a sound economic foundation for the people of the reservations; and to return to the Native Americans local self-government on a tribal basis.

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LEGENDS

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a nonhistorical or unverifiable story handed down by tradition from earlier times and popularly accepted as historical.

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LOUISIANA PURCHASE

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Land purchased from the French by the U.S. in 1803

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LEWIS & CLARK

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The Lewis and Clark Expedition, or "Corps of Discovery Expedition" (1804–1806) was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific Coast by the United States.

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CORPS OF DISCOVERY

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1803–6, U.S. expedition that explored the territory of the Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase, 1803, American acquisition from France of the formerly Spanish region of Louisiana.

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SACAJAWEA

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Shoshone Indian guide who led the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–06).

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FT. CLATSOP

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Fort Clatsop was the encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the Oregon Country near the mouth of the Columbia River during the winter of 1805-1806.

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MANIFEST DESTINY

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Manifest Destiny was the 19th century American belief that the United States (often in the ethnically specific form of the "Anglo-Saxon race") was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.

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MANIFEST DESTINY

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The Manifest Destiny was used to describe beliefs in the 1840's about territorial expansion.

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MISSIONARIES

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A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development.

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WHITMAN MASSACRE

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In 1847 a measles outbreak struck the Walla Walla area. Although mostly settlers recovered from the disease, half of the Cayuse people died. The Cayuse survivors interpreted this as an attack upon their people. In retaliation, on November 29, 1847, they attacked the mission, killing Whitman, his wife Narcissa, and eleven others. They then kidnapped fifty-three people, mostly women and children. This event, called The Whitman Massacre, sparked the Cayuse War.

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WOLF MEETINGS

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Meetings that began to organize a way to stop the wolfs from eating their livestock, turned into discussions of forming a government. In Champoeg on May 2nd the 1843 the majority voted in favor oe establishing a government and with provisional government in place,Oregon was formed.

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OREGON TERRITORY

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The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Oregon.

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WASHINGTON TERRITORY

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The Territory of Washington was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1853, until November 11, 1889, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Washington. The Washington Territory was created from the portion of the Oregon Territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the Columbia.

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ISSAC STEPHENS

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March 25, 1818 – September 1, 1862) was the first Governor of Washington Territory, a United States Congressman, and a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War until his death at the Battle of Chantilly.

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PIG WAR

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The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between the United States and the British Empire over the boundary between the US and British North America. The territory in dispute was the San Juan Islands, which lie between Vancouver Island and the North American mainland. The Pig War, so called because it was triggered by the shooting of a pig, is also called the Pig Episode, the Pig and Potato War, the San Juan Boundary Dispute or the Northwestern Boundary Dispute. The pig was the only casualty of the war, making the dispute otherwise bloodless.

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CHINESE IMMIGRANTS

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In 1873, the Northern Pacific decided to follow in its footsteps and hired 300 Chinese laborers to complete
a line from Kalama to Tacoma. Many of these people chose to stay in Washington territory, forming communities and starting
businesses. Railroad work was available mainly on a seasonal basis, from March to
September. After this work had finished, many workers moved into other industries,
such as salmon canning.

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SCANDINAVIAN IMMIGRANTS

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Familiar landscape lured Scandinavians to the Northwest

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GERMAN IMMIGRANTS

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Some of the earliest German American settlers in the Pacific Northwest came in search for better farm land, but their numbers increased substantially starting in the early 1880s when they and other German Russians, mainly from the Black Sea region, were lured to the Pacific Northwest by the aggressive recruitment of the railroad companies.

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ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS

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Washington’s Italians arrived with railroad construction crews. Others came as skilled stone masons to help rebuild Spokane, Ellensburg, and Seattle after the terrible fires of 1889. Italian farmers located in the Walla Walla Valley, where they became famous in later years for their sweet onions.

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POTATO FAMINE

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Between the years of 1845 and 1849 fungus attacked the large potato crops of Ireland resulting in what would later become known as the Irish Potato Famine.

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CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

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In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration.

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MELTING POT

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a place where a variety of races, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole

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SCAPEGOAT

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a person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place

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URBANIZATION

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The rapid and massive growth of, and migration to, large cities.

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WASHINGTON STATEHOOD

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Washington was the 42nd state in the USA; it became a state on November 11, 1889