Terms From Part 1-B

Front 1

What is an accent?

Back 1

Unlike dialects, it has to do with sounds, not grammar/vocab.

Front 2

What is a monophthong?

Back 2

A vowel phoneme consisting of ONE distinct articulatory element; does not have a changing sound quality. /a/

Front 3

What is a diphthong?

Back 3

A single phoneme consisting of TWO vowel elements, the first is onglide and the second is offglide; has a changing sound quality. /aI/

Front 4

What is an allograph?

Back 4

Different ways to letter spell the same sound. For ex., fat and phat.

Front 5

What are graphemes?

Back 5

Letters.

Front 6

What are morphemes?

Back 6

The smallest unit of meaning in a language; include affixes, syllables, souhds, letters, combos of letters.

Front 7

What are the two types of morphemes?

Back 7

Free morphemes = unbound, they can stand alone with meaning.

Bound morphemes = They cannot stand alone with meaning; includes affixes, i.e., un-, pre-, -ment. They are rarely stressed, unless you are trying to change meaning, so they will influence how we say sounds.

Front 8

What is a phoneme?

Back 8

A special speech sound that can distinguish meaning, i.e., /p/ & /b/ in pat and bat. Language specific as far as meaning.

Front 9

What is an allophone?

Back 9

Variation in the way a phoneme is said, like when you put a burst on the end of the word "cap". Allophonic variation doesn't change word meaning.

Front 10

What is free variation?

Back 10

Refers to using ANY allophonic variation (for single phonemes)- it doesn't matter which allophone you use. /p/, /t/, /k/ are always in free variation at end of words, for ex.

Front 11

What is complementary distribution?

Back 11

Refers to a context where the allophone you make is rele governed by the language; two allophones are not interchangeable due to phonetic constraints of their respective words. For ex., "spy"- /p/ will never burst after /s/. Usually occurs at beginning of words.

Front 12

What is minimal pair/minimal contrast?

Back 12

Pairs of words that differ by only 1 phoneme (this is different from allophonic variation in that it changes meaning of words). For ex., "cook" and "book".

Front 13

What is broad transcription?

Back 13

aka, phonemic transcription; it's when you transcribe the phoneme you hear; use burfules/slashes to show; usually enough info is gotten for working in SLP.

Front 14

What is narrow transcription?

Back 14

aka, allophonic transcription; when yo utranscribe the allophone you hear (specific); use diacriticmarks and brackets around words to show

Front 15

What are some ways to categorize vowels?

Back 15

1. Retroflexed/Non-Retroflexed;
2. Monophthongs/Diphthongs; 3. Tense/Lax;
4. Rounded/Unrounded;
5. Tongue Height/Tongue Advancement.

Front 16

What does retroflexed mean?

Back 16

Has to do with how you make the vowel; tongue tip is curled backwards (retroflexed); in narrow transcription it is indicated by diacritic mark that's an upside down v located above and to right of phoneme.

Front 17

What does rhotacized mean?

Back 17

Has to do with sound quality; having an r-like quality.

Front 18

What are "diphthonged vowels"?

Back 18

All Retroflexed/Rhotacized vowels... /ar/...

Front 19

What does retroflexed mean?

Back 19

Has to do with how you make the vowel; tongue tip is curled backwards (retroflexed); in narrow transcription it is indicated by diacritic mark that's an upside down v located above and to right of phoneme.

Front 20

What does rhotacized mean?

Back 20

Has to do with sound quality; having an r-like quality.

Front 21

What are "diphthonged vowels"?

Back 21

All Retroflexed/Rhotacized vowels... /ar/...

Front 22

What is an accent?

Back 22

Unlike dialects, it has to do with sounds, not grammar/vocab.

Front 23

What is a monophthong?

Back 23

A vowel phoneme consisting of ONE distinct articulatory element; does not have a changing sound quality. /a/

Front 24

What is a diphthong?

Back 24

A single phoneme consisting of TWO vowel elements, the first is onglide and the second is offglide; has a changing sound quality. /aI/

Front 25

What is an allograph?

Back 25

Different ways to letter spell the same sound. For ex., fat and phat.

Front 26

What are graphemes?

Back 26

Letters.

Front 27

What are morphemes?

Back 27

The smallest unit of meaning in a language; include affixes, syllables, souhds, letters, combos of letters.

Front 28

What are the two types of morphemes?

Back 28

Free morphemes = unbound, they can stand alone with meaning.

Bound morphemes = They cannot stand alone with meaning; includes affixes, i.e., un-, pre-, -ment. They are rarely stressed, unless you are trying to change meaning, so they will influence how we say sounds.

Front 29

What is a phoneme?

Back 29

A special speech sound that can distinguish meaning, i.e., /p/ & /b/ in pat and bat. Language specific as far as meaning.

Front 30

What is an allophone?

Back 30

Variation in the way a phoneme is said, like when you put a burst on the end of the word "cap". Allophonic variation doesn't change word meaning.

Front 31

What is free variation?

Back 31

Refers to using ANY allophonic variation (for single phonemes)- it doesn't matter which allophone you use. /p/, /t/, /k/ are always in free variation at end of words, for ex.

Front 32

What is complementary distribution?

Back 32

Refers to a context where the allophone you make is rele governed by the language; two allophones are not interchangeable due to phonetic constraints of their respective words. For ex., "spy"- /p/ will never burst after /s/. Usually occurs at beginning of words.

Front 33

What is minimal pair/minimal contrast?

Back 33

Pairs of words that differ by only 1 phoneme (this is different from allophonic variation in that it changes meaning of words). For ex., "cook" and "book".

Front 34

What is broad transcription?

Back 34

aka, phonemic transcription; it's when you transcribe the phoneme you hear; use burfules/slashes to show; usually enough info is gotten for working in SLP.

Front 35

What is narrow transcription?

Back 35

aka, allophonic transcription; when yo utranscribe the allophone you hear (specific); use diacriticmarks and brackets around words to show

Front 36

What are some ways to categorize vowels?

Back 36

1. Retroflexed/Non-Retroflexed;
2. Monophthongs/Diphthongs; 3. Tense/Lax;
4. Rounded/Unrounded;
5. Tongue Height/Tongue Advancement.

Front 37

What is an open syllable?

Back 37

There's no consonant after vowel (or ends in a vowel), i.e., "toe"

Front 38

What is a closed syllable?

Back 38

The syllable ends in a consonant, i.e., "tote".

Front 39

What is a syllabic consonant?

Back 39

When a consonant takes on the role of a vowel, i.e., "button" said quickly like "butn". There can't be any open vowel sound to be a syllabic consonant. "Bottle" is not a syllabic consonant!