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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A protein found in muscle tissue that, together with myosin, facilitates contraction. It consists of small globular proteins arranged in two twisted strands, resembling a double strand of pearls.
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actin
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This type of junction is composed of filaments that join epithelial cells to each other along adjoining lateral surfaces. The junctions are spot-like, and are anchored internally to the cytoskeleton.
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adhesion junction or desmosome
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A fat-storage cell.
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adipocyte
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A type of connective tissue consisting of fat-storage cells.
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adipose tissue
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A star-shaped supporting cell (glial cell) of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) that helps regulate the composition of fluids in the CNS, among many other functions.
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astrocyte
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A wasting or decrease in size of a tissue or organ.
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atrophy
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The thin, noncellular layer of an epithelium that attaches to underlying tissues.
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basement membrane
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A fluid connective tissue made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
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blood
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A type of connective tissue consisting of living cells in a matrix rich in collagen and calcium. The extensive mineralization of the matrix contributes hardness to the tissue, which the collage contributes some flexibility.
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bone or osseous tissue
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Muscle that forms the contractile wall of the heart.
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cardiac muscle
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A type of dense connective tissue composed of chondrocytes in a matrix of ground substance, collagen fibers, and elastin fibers. Unlike bone, it is gel-like or semi-solid.
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cartilage
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The name of the cell type that produces collagen and proteoglycans in cartilage.
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chondrocyte
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An extracellular protein that strengthens connective tissues including skin, bone, and nails. The most abundant protein in the body.
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collagen
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A type of epithelial tissue which has cells that are taller than they are wide.
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columnar epithelium
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One of the four major tissue types, it features cells that are widely spaced and separated by an extracellular matrix consisting of ground substance and protein fibers.
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connective tissue
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A type of epithelial tissue which has cells that are about as tall than they are wide.
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cuboidal epithelium
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One of the three epithelial membrane types of the body, this is synonymous with the integument, or skin.
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cutaneous membrane
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The type of connective tissue found in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin.
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dense fibrous connective tissue
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The large, domed skeletal muscle which separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this muscle helps draw air into the lungs.
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diaphragm
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The cranial cavity and the vertebral canal, considered together.
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dorsal cavity
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A fibrous protein found in connective tissue that recoils after stretching, allowing many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.
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elastin fiber
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A gland that secretes its products, called hormones, into the blood rather than into ducts.
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endocrine gland
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One of the four major tissue types, it consists of tightly packed sheets of cells that line organs and body cavities and cover the exterior of the body.
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epithelial tissue
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A gland that secretes its products into a duct which leads to a surface such as the skin or the lining of the digestive tract.
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exocrine gland
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Information that is sent to a control center, such as the brain, spinal cord, or an endocrine gland, which in turn produces signals that direct a cell, tissue or organ to respond by increasing or decreasing a given process.
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feedback
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A protein-secreting cell found in connective tissue which produces extracellular protein fibers such as collagen.
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fibroblast
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A type of cell junction that allows substances to pass from cell to cell through an opening in the cell junction.
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gap junction
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A cell, group of cells, or organ that produces a secretion for use elsewhere in the body.
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gland
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The intercellular material in which the cells and fibers of connective tissue are embedded. Along with protein fibers, part of the matrix of connective tissue.
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ground substance
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A physiological state in which the physical and chemical conditions of the internal environment are maintained within tolerable ranges. Maintenance of a reasonably constant or steady-state internal environment.
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homeostasis
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An atypical enlargement of a tissue due to enlargement of its component cells.
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hypertrophy
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A general name for protein complexes located between cells of an epithelium to hold them together and in some cases allow communication between cells.
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intercellular junction
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Muscle tissue whose action requires no conscious thought. Cardiac and smooth muscle are examples.
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involuntary muscle
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Connective tissue that serves to bind epithelia to underlying tissues and to hold organs in place. The most common type of connective tissue in the body.
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loose connective tissue or areolar connective tissue
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The extracellular portion of connective tissue, consisting of ground substance and protein fibers.
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matrix
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A non-epithelial membrane of the body, this covers the brain and spinal cord.
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meningeal membrane
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Phagocytic cells of the central nervous system.
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microglia
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One of the three epithelial membrane types of the body, this forms the lining of the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts.
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mucous membrane
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One of the four major tissue types, its cells are characterized by an ability to contract.
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muscle tissue
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A type of protein that, along with actin, enables muscle cells to contract. Each molecule looks something like two golf clubs with their shafts twisted together.
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myosin
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A type of feedback in which the product of a process inhibits the process that resulted in the product. The overall effect is that of maintaining homeostasis, in that a given parameter is maintained in a narrow range about a set point. This is the more common type of feedback.
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negative feedback
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One of the four major tissue types, it consists of two major categories of cells: one group which is characterized by an ability to conduct and transmit electrical impulses, and a second, supporting group, called glial cells.
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nervous tissue
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The collective term for the supportive cells of the central nervous system.
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neuroglia
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The specialized message-carrying cells of the nervous system.
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neuron
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One of many chemicals released by the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, which then diffuse across the synapse and bind to receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
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neurotransmitter
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A supporting cell of nervous tissue, this type of cell forms myelin within the central nervous system.
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oligodendrocyte
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A specialized body structure composed of two or more types of tissue, working together to perform a specific function.
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organ
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A collection of organs working together to perform a common basic functional process, such as locomotion or digestion.
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organ system
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The most abundant cell found in bone, this is a star-shaped mature bone cell that is located inside a lacuna and helps maintain the bone matrix.
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osteocyte
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One of the three types of serous membrane, this forms a double walled sac that covers the heart.
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pericardium
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One of the three types of serous membrane, this lines the abdominal cavity and covers many abdominal organs.
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peritoneum
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One of the three types of serous membrane, this is one of two double walled sacs that cover the lungs.
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pleural membrane
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A type of feedback in which the product of a process promotes or intensifies the process that resulted in the product. The overall effect is to move some event to completion. This is the less common type of feedback.
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positive feedback
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A supporting cell of nervous tissue, this type of cell forms myelin within the peripheral nervous system.
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Schwann cell
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One of the three epithelial membrane types of the body, this type of membrane lines the ventral body cavity and covers many of the organs located there. The three types are the pleural membrane, the pericardial membrane, and the peritoneal membrane.
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serous membrane
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Striated muscle involved with voluntary movements.
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skeletal muscle
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Nonstriated, spindle-shaped muscle cells that line organs and blood vessels.
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smooth muscle
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A type of epithelial tissue which has cells that are flattened, and wider than they are tall.
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squamous epithelium
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A synonym for skeletal muscle, due to the in-register patterns of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cells which make skeletal muscle appear striped or banded under light microscopy. Cardiac muscle also shows this pattern, but this term usually refers to skeletal muscle.
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striated muscle
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A non-epithelial membrane of the body, this lines the capsule of synovial joints.
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synovial membrane
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The ability to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range.
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thermoregulation
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A type of cell junction between epithelial cells that reduces the permeability of the epithelial tissue.
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tight junction
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A group of similar cells with a common function.
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tissue
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The body cavity located at the anterior (front or belly) side of the body and consisting of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities.
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ventral cavity
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Skeletal muscle. Muscle tissue whose action usually results from conscious thought, but which may also contract in response to reflexes.
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voluntary muscle
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