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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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origin of material
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erosion of existing rock (detrital deposits)
chemical processes (Chemical deposits) |
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main minerals found in sedimentary rocks
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quartz, feldspars, calcite, clay
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coal
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organic matter that forms in sedimentary environments when oxygen is low
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clastic
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made up of fragment of mineral and rock
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chemical/organic
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from ppt. that come out of solution and plant remains
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lithification
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(to form rocks) 3 ways: compaction, cementation, diagenesis
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bedding
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horizontal, cross bedding, graded bedding
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ripple marks
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wavy feature on the surface of the rock which usually indicates a near shore (beach like) environment, can also be a wind blown feature
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fossils
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proof of life which can only be found in sed. rocks
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sandstone on top=
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regression
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limestone on top=
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transgression
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texture
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best for classification and is based on the arrangement of the individual grains rather than the grain size
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2 types of texture
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foliated & non-foliated
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foliated
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peel off a layer at a time
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non-foliated
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chunk of rock
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slaty
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foliated and cleavage and planes are smooth and regular ex:slate
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phyllitic
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surface of cleavage planes are more irregular EX:phyllite
(foliated) |
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schistose
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rough cleavage surface EX: Schist
(foliated) |
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Gniess
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cleavage is very rough and irregular, sometimes banded
(foliated) |
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monomineralic
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non foliated and contains only one mineral
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multimineralic
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non foliated and contains more than one mineral
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metamorphism
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caused by temp., pressure, and/or chemical fluids. the result is that the grains become reoriented and sometimes also separated according to density
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metasomatism
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caused by chemical reactions within the rock creating crystal growth or a complete change with in the individual crystals
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Types of metamorphism
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cataclastic, contact, regional
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