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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heterocyclic compounds
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A cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s). The counterparts of heterocyclic compounds are homocyclic compounds, the rings of which are made of a single element
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Purine
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A purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, which consists of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Purines, including substituted purines and their tautomers, are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature [CN: 嘌呤]
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Pyrimidine
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A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. [CN: 嘧啶]
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Pyridazine
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A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 2 of the six-member ring.
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Diazine
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Diazine refers to a group of organic compounds having the molecular formula C4H4N2. Each contains a benzene ring in which two of the C-H fragments have been replaced by isolobal nitrogen. There are three isomers: Pyrimidine, Pyridazine, and Pyrazine
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Pyrazine
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A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4 of the six-member ring.
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Imidazole
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An organic compound with the formula (CH)2N(NH)CH. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in water to give mildly basic solution. In chemistry, it is an aromatic heterocycle, classified as a diazole and as an alkaloid.
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Nucleic acids
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Large biological molecules essential for all known forms of life. They include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Together with proteins, nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information. [CN: 核酸]
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PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
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A biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. [CN: 聚合酶链式反应]
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Nucleotides
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Biological molecules that form the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and serve to carry packets of energy within the cell (ATP). In the form of the nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP), nucleotides play central roles in metabolism. In addition, nucleotides participate in cell signaling (cGMP and cAMP), and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions (e.g. coenzyme A, FAD, FMN, NAD, and NADP+) [CN: 核苷酸]
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Helicase
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A enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between coupling DNA/RNA helixes to expose single strand templates
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Primer
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A short sequence that hybridizes to the template and provides a starting point for DNA polymerase. The primer can be made by primes or can be added.
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Conjugation
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circulation genetic information among different prokaryotic cells without growing new cells
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