Terms

Front 1

Linear B

Back 1

-Mycenaeans adapted their language with the Minoan's Linear A to make an ancient form of Greek
-Found on tablets and preserved at Knossos

Front 2

wanax

Back 2

-Supreme figure of Mycenaean semi-independent kingdoms
-Judicial role and presided in religious affairs

Front 3

basileus/"gasireu"

Back 3

-Aristocratic warriors who became "strong men"
-Was on the council of elders when they overruled the decisions of the king

Front 4

lawagetas/"rawaketa"

Back 4

-Held a military authority under the wanax

Front 5

key bearer/"klawiphoros"

Back 5

-Religious function
-Key to cultic centers

Front 6

Pylos

Back 6

-SW Peloponnesus
-King Nestor
-Divided into revenue districts for commercial sale
-Showed the scale of resources on tablets at the palace
-Survey of habituation, shows decrease in population over time

Front 7

damo

Back 7

-Earlier form for demos
-Mycenaean population living in small villages (rural)
-Free peasants

Front 8

Lefkandi

Back 8

-Eretria
-Longhouse (storehouse) of accumulated imported goods
-Moved across Chalchis to settle in Eretria (Dark Age)
-Eretrians mined iron on the island of Chios
-Tried to protect mining products from piracy through a stronghold

Front 9

Tiryns

Back 9

-Argolid in NE Peloponnesus
-Citadel building

Front 10

"Sea Peoples"

Back 10

-Attack of sea people of unknown origin on Egypt
-Thought to be the Dorians because they attacked parts of of the coast of Greece
-Documented by the Pharaoh

Front 11

Nichoria

Back 11

-SW Peloponnesus
-Part of the kingdom of Pylos
-Excavation site didn't show the same decrease in population as Pylos
-Smiths allocated bronze to make weapons and other goods
-Herding/pastoral rather than agriculture
-Craft production with little or no foreign influence
-Dark Age

Front 12

Oikos

Back 12

-Economy marked by self-sufficiency and pastoralism
-"Household"
-Consists of everyone who depends on the head of the oikos
-"Therapontes" served the head
-Heads of the oikos are united to others outside the oikos through gift exchange
-Possession of cattle, rather than land, is an important maker of wealth

Front 13

Demiourgoi

Back 13

-Entrepeneurs
-Include but are not restricted to seers
-Artisans and craftsmen
-Marketable skill

Front 14

Thete (Dark Age)

Back 14

-Free man, unattached to oikos
-No property of his own
-Has to sell services to others

Front 15

Chattel Slavery

Back 15

-Human property

Front 16

Polemarch

Back 16

-Short-term elected magistrates

Front 17

Bronze Age

Back 17

2000-1000 BCE

Front 18

Dark Age

Back 18

1100-825/775 BCE

Front 19

Archaic Age

Back 19

775-480/65 BCE

Front 20

Iliad

Back 20

750/45 BCE

Front 21

Odyssey

Back 21

725/20 BCE

Front 22

Polis

Back 22

-Citadel/high point
-"City state"
-Central city and surrounding countryside

Front 23

Syncoecism

Back 23

-Fusing of several oikos to create a larger political entity

Front 24

"Hero Worship"

Back 24

-Citizens made claims to land by making hereditary claims to legendary figures

Front 25

Koinonia

Back 25

-Association of the polis or the oikos

Front 26

Ethnos

Back 26

-Tribal state
-Area larger than the polis and unurbanized
-More common than the polis, in the Dark Age
-Existed before the polis
-Largely agricultural

Front 27

Thessaly

Back 27

-Emigrants from Thessaly traveled across the Aegean and settled on the island of Lesbos
-Aeolic dialect spoken

Front 28

Al Mina

Back 28

-N Syrian Coast
-Trading station
-Chalchis and Eretria opertating out of

Front 29

Archilochus

Back 29

-Spreading of literature and literacy
-8th Century (Age of Revolution)

Front 30

Boetia

Back 30

-Peninsula of Attica
-Rich farmland
-Producer of grain

Front 31

Diagorids

Back 31

-Family of Rhodes
-Successful athleticism gave way to political and economic success

Front 32

Oikistes

Back 32

-Founder of a colony (agricultural)
-Died as a hero
-First task: land allotment
-Colonies founded because of land hunger and increase in pop.

Front 33

Apoikia

Back 33

Colony

Front 34

Pentathlon

Back 34

-5 event combination
-Olympic event

Front 35

Tyrtaius

Back 35

-Spartan poet
-Alludes to fighting as "aloieseumen" (we will be threshing)

Front 36

Paian (Hoplites)

Back 36

-Song of victory at the start of battle
-Before some battles began one side would flee

Front 37

First Olympic Game

Back 37

775 BCE
-Beginning of the Archaic Age

Front 38

Othismos

Back 38

-Shove
-Hoplites pushing each other forward

Front 39

Hoplon

Back 39

-Hoplite shield
-Circular/Oval and concave
-Hoplite held it under their shoulder and formed the phalanx

Front 40

Hoplite Phalanx

Back 40

-Hoplites collectively formed a phalanx on the battlefield
-Would thrust spears through the hoplites in front of them

Front 41

Hoplites

Back 41

-Citizen soldiers
-Had to supply own weapons and arms
-Requisite: land ownership

Front 42

Piracy

Back 42

-Low-intensity form of warfare
-Reality of tribal states (ethnos)
-A form of acquisition for the Mycenaeans

Front 43

Hoplite Panoply

Back 43

-Body armor

Front 44

Gymnasium

Back 44

-Athletic centres for military and sports (Olympic) training

Front 45

Elis (polis)

Back 45

-Olympic games held on the Alpheus River
-Part of the Elis territory

Front 46

Agon

Back 46

-Name for athletic competition AND battle
-Shows the competitive nature of the Greeks

Front 47

Acropolis

Back 47

-Where the assembly (ecclesia) of the citizens met
-Citadel at the high point of the city

Front 48

Knossos

Back 48

-Minoan capital and palace
-On the island of Crete
-Linear B Tablets found after preserved by fire

Front 49

Peloponnesian War

Back 49

431-403 BCE
-War between Athens, Sparta, and their allies
-Athenian defeat

Front 50

Beehive-shaped tombs

Back 50

-Mycenaeans
-Bronze Age

Front 51

Delphi

Back 51

-Apollo offers his foresight

Front 52

Alexander the Great

Back 52

-Son of King Philip of Macedon
-Alexander expanded after his father's unification

Front 53

King Philip of Macedon

Back 53

-Victory of the Macedonians over the Athenians and Spartans in Boeotia
-Philip unified Greece after the states had separated from the effects of the Peloponnesian War

Front 54

Helots

Back 54

-Spartan serfs who outnumbered Spartan warriors

Front 55

Laconians

Back 55

-Between helots and Spartans
-Were free men who had to pay taxes and serve in the army when called

Front 56

Ephors

Back 56

-Monarchs advised by a board of 5 ephors
-"Overseers"

Front 57

Peloponnesian League

Back 57

-Spartan allies
-States of the Peloponnesus

Front 58

Delian League

Back 58

-Formal league of Athens and Spartan to prevent Persian invasion and attack