Terminology, Anatomy, Chap 1

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

structures, or morphology, of body parts - their forms and organization

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

functions of body parts

Front 3

human organism

Back 3

human parts that form a well-organized unit

Front 4

atoms

Back 4

smallest particle of an elelment that has the propeties of that element

Front 5

molecules

Back 5

a particle composed of two or more joined atoms

Front 6

macromolecules

Back 6

a very large molecule

Front 7

cell

Back 7

the structural and functional unit of an organism

Front 8

organelles

Back 8

a part of a cell that performs a specialized function

Front 9

tissue

Back 9

a group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

Front 10

organs

Back 10

a structure cocsisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function

Front 11

organism

Back 11

an individual living thing

Front 12

organ systems

Back 12

organs that function together

Front 13

metabolism

Back 13

all of the chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy

Front 14

requirement of organisms

Back 14

water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure

Front 15

water

Back 15

*most abundant substance in the body, *It is required for a variety of metabolic processes and provides the environment in which most of them take place, *transports substances, *regulates body temperature

Front 16

food

Back 16

*substance that provide organisms with necessary chemicals (nutrients) in addition to water. *Nutrients supply energy and raw materials for building new living matter

Front 17

oxygen

Back 17

*gas that makes up about 1/5 of the air. *used in the process of releasing energy from nutrients. *the energy in turn, is used to drive metabolic processes

Front 18

heat

Back 18

*a form of energy. *a product of metabolic reactions, and it partly controls the rate at which these reactions occur. *generally, the more heat, the more rapidly chemical reactions take place.

Front 19

pressure

Back 19

application of force on an objects or substance

Front 20

atmospheric pressure

Back 20

the force acting on the outside of a land organism due to the weight of air above it is called. in humans this plays an important role in breathing

Front 21

hydrostatic pressure

Back 21

pressure exerted by a liquid - due to the weight of water above them - an example is blood pressure

Front 22

homeostasis

Back 22

a state of equilibrium in which the internal enviroment of the body remains in the normal range

Front 23

environment

Back 23

conditions and elements that make up the surroundings of the body

Front 24

internal enviroment

Back 24

conditions and elements that make up the inside of the body, surrounding the cells

Front 25

extracellular fluid

Back 25

body fluid outside the individual cells

Front 26

homeostatic mechanisms

Back 26

monitors an aspect of the internal environment and corrects any changes

Front 27

what do all homeostatic mechanisms have in common?

Back 27

1 receptors - providing info about condition (stimuli)in the internal enviroment.
2 a control center & set point - tells what a particular value should be (such as body temp)
3 effectors - muscles or glands, which cause responses that alter conditions in the internal enviromment

Front 28

negitive feedback

Back 28

In a homeostatic mechanism a response decribing when returning toward normal and the deviation from the set point progressively lessons, and the effectors are gradually shut down

Front 29

normal range

Back 29

refering to the range that is clinically important when dealing with homeostatic mechanisms. i.e. pH normal range is between 7.35 to 7.45

Front 30

temperature

Back 30

a measure of the amount of heat present