Temperament, Personality, And Identity

Front 1

______________ refers to a person's basic disposition, which influences how he or she responds to situations. It is a characteristic that seems to be affected by heredity and is, apparent at birth and predictive of later personality and adjustment.

Back 1

Temperament

Front 2

With regards to temperament most babies can be categorized as being either ________, _________, or ___________

Back 2

easy
difficlut
slow-to-warm up

Front 3

_________ children are even-tempered, have a regular sleeping and eating patterns, aapt easily to new situations and people, and have a reponderance of positive moods.

Back 3

easy

Front 4

_________ children are irritable, withdraw from new situations and people, and have unpredicitable havits and preponderance of negative moods.

Back 4

difficult

Front 5

_________________ chilren are inactive and somewhat negative in mood and take time to adjust to new stimuli.

Back 5

slow-to-warm-up

Front 6

__________________ preditcts that it is the degree of match between parent's behaviors and their child's temperament that contributes to the child's outcomes.

Back 6

goodness of fit model

Front 7

Erikson's theroy of psychosocial development differs from Freud in that it emphasizes the role of __________ factors. Erikson also puts more emphanis on the ________ rather then the id.

Back 7

social
ego

Front 8

Erikson
In infacy there is a struggle between ________ and __________, which is a positive relationship with on's primary caretaker during infacy results in a sense of trust and optimism

Back 8

basic trust
basic mistrust

Front 9

Erikson
A toddler struggles between _______ and _______________.

Back 9

autonomy
shame and doubt

Front 10

Erikson
early childhood ____vs_______
school age ______vs________
adlolescence ______vs________
young adulthood ______Vs______
middle adulhood ______vs______
maturation/oldage ____Vs____

Back 10

Initiative vs. Guilt
INdustry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. Stagnation
Ego integrity vs. Despair

Front 11

Levinson divides the lifespan in ___ stages and it is called _________________________ and says that transitions from one period to the next are particulary ___________.

Back 11

4
seasons of a man's life
stressful

Front 12

Levinson
The________________ transition entalils leaving the world of childhood and forming the initial foundation ofr life in the adult world. Tasks include being indipendnt from parents and getting involved in college. The transition leads to the formation of _______________ - the image of an ideal life that guides one's decisions and choices.

Back 12

early adult
The Dream

Front 13

Livinson
The __________ is brought on by the realization that the life structure built during one's 20's is not adequate.

Back 13

age 30 transition

Front 14

The __________ is a time of singificant stress and reorganization. An important change is a deflation of the dream as one realizeds that on'es goals are not really satisfying and or will not be fully accomplished.

Back 14

Mid-Life Transition

Front 15

Parenting Style
__________________ parents exhibit a high degree of demandingness and low responsivity, they impose absolute standards of conduct, stress obedience, and use power assertive tech, there offspring are often irritable, aggressive, and dependent and have a limited sense of responsiblity and low levels of self-esteem and academic achievement.

Back 15

Authoritarian

Front 16

_____________ parents combine rational control with responsivity and officpring of these parents tend to ba assertive, self confident, socially responsible.

Back 16

Authoritative

Front 17

__________ parents are warm and caring but make few demands and are nonpunitive. Children tend to be impulsive, self-centered, easilty frustrated, and low in achievement and indepndence

Back 17

Permissive

Front 18

____________ parents exhibit low levels of responsivityt and demandingness, and they may be overty hostile towards their children. Offsprings of these parents have low selfesteem and are often impulsive, oody, and agressive.

Back 18

REjecting-neglecting

Front 19

Identity

________________________ says the develoment of gender-role identity depends on successful resolutio of the psychosexual crisis of teh phallic stage of develoment, which results in identification with the same-sex parent.

Back 19

psychodynamic theory

Front 20

Identity

___________ pridicts tha children first acquire gender-typed behaviors through rwards and phunishments, modeling and imitation.

Back 20

social learning theory

Front 21

Identity

_____________, Kohlber said the acquisition of gender-role idenity involves a sequnce of stages that parallels cognitive development. and looked at gender idenity, gender stability, and gender constancy

Back 21

Cognitive Development Theory

Front 22

______________, Bem attributes the acquisition of a gender-role idenityt to a combination of social learning and cogntive develoment.

Back 22

Gender Schema Theory

Front 23

Erikson introduced the term ___________ crisis considered the primary development taks of adolescence to be the achievement of a coherent identity

Back 23

identity crisis

Front 24

Marcia who distinguishes between four _______________ that reflect the degree to which the individual has experienced an idenityt crisis and is committted to an identity.

Back 24

Identity Statuses

Front 25

Marcia
________________: Adlolescents exhibiting diffusion have not yet experienced an identity crisis or explored alternatives and ar not comited to an idenity

Back 25

Identity Diffusion

Front 26

Marcia
___________________: Adloescents are manifesting foreclosure when they hae not experienced a crisis but have adopted an identiy thta has been imposed by others (job).

Back 26

Identity Foreclosure

Front 27

Marcia
____________: occurs when an adlolescent experiences an identiy crisis and actively explores alternatives. teens exhibit a high degree of confusion, discontent, and rebelliousnes.

Back 27

Idneity Moratorium

Front 28

Marcia
________________: adlolsecents who have resolved the identity crisis by evaluating alternatives anc committing to an identity are "identity achieved."

Back 28

Identity Achievment

Front 29

Giligan found that about 11 or 12 years of age, girls experience a _________________ in response to increasing pressure to fit cultural stereotypes about the "perfect good woman." This causes them to disconnect from themselves and have a loss of voice when realize women opinion not valued.

Back 29

relational crisis

Front 30

Although older adults think about death more often, ___________ people seems to experience more anxiety about it.

Back 30

middle aged

Front 31

Kubler-Ross concluded that people progress through the following five stages when facing their own death or other important loss_________

Back 31

1) denial and isolation
2) anger
3) barganing
4) depression
5) acceptance

Front 32

Of the temperament traits, behavioral ______ has been most clearly linked to genetic factors and to futre personality characteristics.

Back 32

inhibition