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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diphyodonty |
First set of teeth erupt and are replaced by a second, stronger set of teeth.
Occurs in most mammals |
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Polyphyodonty |
All teeth erupt in multiple succession
Occurs in most other vertebrates besides mammals |
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Thecodont |
Teeth implanted in sockets set along margins of the jaw |
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What is the formula of permanent dentition in the dog? |
I3-C1-P4-M2 ------------------ =42 I3-C1-P4-M3
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What is the formula of temporary (milk or deciduous) dentition in the dog? |
3-1-3 ------- 3-1-3 |
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Which teeth are lacking in the milk set? |
Molar teeth |
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What does P¹ stand for? |
First permanent upper premolar (upper case for permanent teeth)
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What does i₂ stand for? |
Secondary temporary lower incisor (lower case for temporary teeth) |
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What is a diastema? |
A gap between teeth in the one jaw (i.e. a gap between the incisors and premolars) |
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A tooth consists of: |
crown and root |
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The crown of a tooth is encased in: |
Enamel - very resistant, calcified, slightly opalescent, white material |
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The root of a tooth is encased in: |
cementum - softer, less shiny, yellowish tissue |
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The part of the tooth between the root and crown is called the: |
neck |
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What is dentine? |
Also known as ivory - makes up the greatest part of the tooth, just below the enamel - contains a small central cavity that houses the connective tissue pulp |
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What is another name for a tooth socket? |
an alveolus |
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What is gingiva? |
The gum |
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What are hypsodont/hypseledont teeth? |
Part of the enamel-covered crown is below the gum line - held in reserve so it gradually is revealed to compensate for wearing down of teeth
characteristic of herbivores (abrasive feed)
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What are brachydont teeth? |
Low-crowned teeth
Common in species such as primates, dogs that have a softer diet with less wear
*still common for part of the enamel-covered region to lie below the gum when the tooth first starts getting used |
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What is the difference between the clinical crown and the anatomical crown? |
Clinical crown = the exposed part of the tooth regardless of structure
anatomical crown = enamel-covered part of tooth regardless of location |
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What is an arcade? |
A tooth row |
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What is the apical foramen? |
Foramen found at the apex of the tooth through which blood supply and nerves pass |
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What is the periodontal ligament? |
The connective tissue that occupies the space between each tooth and its socket and that suspends the tooth |
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What fills the central cavity of a tooth? |
Pulp |
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What is pulp? |
Delicate connective tissue margined by the odontoblast layer and richly vascularized
Also has a lymphatic plexus |
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What types of nerves are in pulp? |
Some vasomotor, but most sensory |
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What type of sensations affect pulp? |
Thermal, mechanical, chemical etc
ALL are perceived as pain |
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Which vessels and nerves supply the teeth? |
Major trunks that course through canals in the jaws (superior and inferior alveolar arteries, veins and nerves) |
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How do temporary teeth grow and erupt? |
Temporary teeth rise in the jaw after the crown is completed but before root is formed *remnants of the epithelium of dental lamina make this possible by loosening connective tissue of the dental follicle, so the crown can move closer to the surface and give enough space for root to form
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How do permanent teeth grow and replace temporary teeth? |
The permanent tooth and its alveolus migrate as a unit through the jaw to enter the alveolus of the temporary tooth
The replacement tooth presses on the root of the temporary tooth causing its resorption
The attachment of the temporary tooth is loosened, so it becomes more mobile during mastication and is soon shed
The permanent tooth rises in its place |
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When are incisors (in dog) trilobed and when are they bilobed? |
Upper incisors are trilobed when first erupted and lower incisors are bilobed when first erupted
They lose these features due to wear |
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What are the incisors in the dog mostly used for? |
Nibbling and grooming |
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What are canine teeth mostly used for? |
Aggressive and holding purposes Can inflict a deep wound
A large part of each canine tooth is implanted in the jaw and a bony ridge over the alveolus is seen in the upper jaw |
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What are cheek teeth? |
Premolar and molar teeth
(more common term in herbivores) |
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What is the difference between premolar and molar teeth? |
Max of 4 premolar teeth Seen in both dentitions (permanent and temporary)
Max of 3 molar teeth Seen only in permanent dentition |
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Why are premolar teeth arranged like a serrated cutting edge? |
The projections of the crown align to make a rapid and clean division in food, while notches help hold food in place |
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What is the main function of molars? |
Can also cut, but are more used for crushing |
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Which types of teeth usually have more than one root? |
Cheek teeth - have firmer anchorage but makes extraction very difficult Incisors and canines only have one root |
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What is the permanent dentition formula for the cat? |
I3-C1-P3-M1 ------------------ I3-C1-P2-M1 |
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How is a cat's dentition better adapted to a fleshy diet? |
Fewer molars means less crushing potential than dog's. Cat's cheek teeth have greater cutting action = secodont |
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What does tuberculosectorial mean? |
Describes the dual-purpose structure of a dog's molars for both cutting and crushing |
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What does bunodont mean? |
Broad crowns on cheek teeth of a pig have blunt cusps making them very good at crushing |
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What is special about canine teeth in pigs? |
the canine teeth remain open at the embedded end (root) so dental tissues keep growing throughout animal's life |
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What is special about horses and ruminants teeth? |
Adapted for continuous wearing
- enlargement of masticatory surfaces - increase in height of crowns - gradually extruded crown (delayed development of root so teeth keep growing for years after they have started wearing down) - complicated folding of enamel (most important!) |
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What does folding of enamel in horses and ruminants do? |
Increases amount of the hardest and most durable component of tooth = reduces rate of attrition
Provides alternation of harder and softer material which wear at different rates = produces uneveness of masticatory surface which makes it rasp-like |
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What is the formula for temporary dentition in the horse? |
3-0-3 ------- 3-0-3 |
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What is the formula for permanent dentition in the horse? |
3-1-3(4)-3 -------------- 3-1-3-3
The first premolar ("wolf" tooth) often fails to develop - often extracted since its not of any use and can be irritated by the bit |
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What is the formula for temporary dentition in ruminants? |
0-0-3 ------- 3-1-3
Absence of incisor and canine teeth in upper jaw
Assimilation of canines to the incisors in lower jaw
Both upper and lower first premolar teeth fail to develop |
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What is the formula for permanent dentition in ruminants? |
0-0-3-3 ---------- 3-1-3-3 |
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What is the formula for permanent dentition in the pig? |
3-1-4-3 --------- 3-1-4-3
Pigs have the most complete dentition of any domestic animal |
