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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerial Search
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A search conducted from a helicopter by the pilot and a rescue team member to locate a person in distress.
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Anchoring and Rigging
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The assembly of rope and hardware used to form an anchor system to support a rope rescue system.
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Belaying
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A safety technique by which a potential fall distance is controlled to minimize damage to equipment and/or injury to a live load.
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Billy Pugh Rescue Net
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- A device suspended from the helicopter, which can be automatically deployed and used to sling load victims and rescuers during helicopter rescue operations
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"Bombproof Anchor"
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An anchor utilized to support the load of a rope system that the rescuer confidently believes will hold the intended load and any potential impact force unintentionally generated by the load.
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Briefing
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A short meeting held at the beginning of an incident, after size-up information has been assessed and given to the rescue team and other Department members to provide assignments, select and notify personnel of strategy and tactics to be performed and state the mission’s objective. The term briefing shall also refer to the transfer of vital information between a Department member and his or her counterpart prior to going off duty (shift changeover). This information shall include any vital information regarding an ongoing incident.
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Components
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Various equipment that is used to construct a rope rescue system. Components are divided into two groups, software and hardware.
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Condemnation
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The process of determining that a component is unfit and shall not be used for rope rescue. This status may result when components experience a severe impact load event, display major visual damage, or reveal physical defects.
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Downgrading
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Changing the status of life safety rope to a lesser status due to wear or damage. A life safety rope is initially designated as mission status for emergency rope rescue operations and is downgraded
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Downgrading life safety ropes:
Drill status |
Rope shall be used as a life safety rope for drill purposes only.
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Downgrading life safety ropes:
Utility status |
Rope shall not be used as a life safety rope. It shall be used only for other functions.
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Enroute Pick-up Areas
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Landing areas used along response routes to pick-up rescue team members.
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Extraction
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Using the helicopter to remove and transport people by means of one of the following methods:
1. Fixed line flyaway 2. Hover boarding 3. Landing area pick-up 4. One skid hover pick-up 5. Sling loading |
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Fixed Line Fly Away
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A technique where a rescuer and victim are extracted and transported by the helicopter on a suspended line attached to the helicopter.
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Forward Looking InfraRed (FLIR) System
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A thermal and visual imaging camera used during the day or night and equipped with video capabilities. When connected to the helicopter, it can be used for search and rescue missions, surveillance, and brush fire fighting reconnaissance.
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General Use
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A NFPA 1983 Standard term meant to imply a particular equipment component or system is suitable to support a two-person load (maximum of 600 lbs.).
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Hardware
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Components that are composed of metal such as carabineers, screw links (triangular links), descent control devices, ascent/rope grab devices, anchor plates, pulleys, and swivels
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Hauling System
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A rope system generally constructed from life safety rope, pulleys, and other rope rescue system components capable of lifting or moving a load across a given area.
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Helicopter Rescue
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The use of a helicopter to extricate a person from a perilous situation.
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High-Angle Rope Rescue
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A rope rescue operation in an environment in which the load is predominately supported by the rope system. (Normally more than a 40-degree angle.)
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High Line System
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- A system of using rope suspended between two points for movement of persons or equipment over an area that is a barrier to the rescue operation, including a system capable of movement between points of equal or unequal heights.
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Hook-Up
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The procedure in which a rope rescue component safely connects a person load to a life safety rope.
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Hover Boarding
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A flight technique where a helicopter hovers at a height that enables rescuers to step onto the skid to gain entry into the aircraft.
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Impact Load (Shock Load)
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The stress that components experience due to a falling load or failure of a system or system component
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Incident Action Plan
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A plan to achieve the goals of the incident approved by the Incident Commander (IC) after consulting with the Pilot and the Rescue Captain
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Insertion
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Using the helicopter to transport and place rescue personnel into an area with one of the following methods:
1. Fixed line flyaway 2. Landing area drop off 3. One skid hover drop off 4. Rappelling 5. Sling loading 6. Stepping off |
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Inspection
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Inspection
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Landing Area
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A remote site used by the helicopter to insert rescuers and/or pick-up rescuers and victims.
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Landing Zone (LZ)
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A site used by the helicopter to land and take off that is free of loose materials and is secured from the public and other obstructions and has adequate lighting.
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Life Safety Rope
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A rope designed and dedicated solely for the purpose of supporting people during training, rescue, fire fighting, or other emergency operations.
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Litter Rigging
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Securing a victim in a litter and preparing the litter for a hook-up to a rope system.
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Low-Angle Rope Rescue
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A situation where rope rescue operations are performed in an environment in which the load is predominately supported by itself and not the rope rescue system. (Less than a 40-degree angle.)
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Lowering System
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A rope system used to move a rescuer and/or victim to a lower level.
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Mechanical Advantage
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A force created through mechanical means including, but not limited to, a system of ropes and pulleys usually creating an output force greater then the input force and expressed in terms of ratios of output force to input force.
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Offshore Rubbish Line
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An offshore line of debris that forms on the surface of the ocean that is usually caused by a current.
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One Skid Hover
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A helicopter technique used when there is only a limited area to insert or extract individuals. The helicopter places one skid on the ground and hovers in place so that individuals can exit or enter the aircraft.
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Opala Hole
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- An underwater area where debris or “opala” gathers.
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Patient Packaging
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Stabilizing a patient and providing appropriate protection from the environment while allowing access for medical interventions during transport.
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Pilau Water
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Water that is pilau or “filthy” and is judged by the Rescue Captain to be so polluted that it might jeopardize the health of team members performing a task in it.
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Point Last Seen (PLS)
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The location the victim was last seen or placed at by evidence such as a parked car, trail sign-in log, witness, or location of personal belongings.
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Rappel
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To perform a controlled descent on a fixed line by the use of a descent control device.
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Recovery Mode
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A downgraded level of operational urgency where there is no chance of rescuing a victim alive.
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Rescue Knot
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A fastening made by tying together lengths of rope or webbing in the HFD prescribed manner.
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Rescue Mode
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A level of operational urgency where there is a chance that a victim will be rescued alive.
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Rescue Observer
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A rescue team member assigned to assist the pilot with the operations of the FLIR, searchlight, and/or visual observations during rescue operations. He/she shall assist the pilot with lowering and retrieving equipment and lines from the aircraft and spotting hazards such as high tension wires, trees, and other aircrafts.
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Rescue Team
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- A group of rescue team members comprised of two or more individuals
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Rescue Team Leader
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The individual designated by the Rescue Captain as the leader of the rescue team.
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Rescue Team Member
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An individual assigned to a rescue team, which has been assigned a task to perform. Team members shall be directed by the Rescue Team Leader.
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Rescue Team Safetyman
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A team member who performs mandatory safety checks on all of the rope system's components prior to each use of the system. He/she shall direct the step-by-step sequence of the procedure being performed and communicate the sequence to the pilot for operations on the helicopter. The safetyman shall stop operations if he/she detects any unsafe condition.
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Risk
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The possibility of harm or loss that could result from exposure to hazards.
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Risk Assessment
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A determination of the possibility of harm or loss that could result from exposure to hazards.
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Risk/Benefit Analysis
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A decision made by a responder based on a risk assessment that weighs the risk likely to be taken against the benefits to be gained for taking the risk.
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Rope History Log
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A recorded history of a life safety rope. The log shall be initiated when the rope is issued and updated after each use.
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Safety Check
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A visual and manual check conducted of a rope system and hook-ups prior to each use of the system.
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Shall
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This term indicates a mandatory procedure.
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Should
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A heavy plastic sheet that becomes a rigid stretcher when folded and secured around a victim
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Sling Load
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A technique where the helicopter carries a load on a line. One end of the line is secured to the load and the other end is secured to the aircraft. The load is then carried suspended beneath the aircraft.
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Software
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Components that are primarily constructed out of nylon or other soft flexible materials such as life safety rope, life safety harness, webbing, accessory cord, pick-up straps, utility belts, and anchor straps.
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Stepping Off
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A technique where a rescuer exits the helicopter by stepping off the aircraft's skid. This practice is commonly used over water and in wilderness rescues when a landing area is not available at a selected insertion location
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Steep-Angle Rope Rescue
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A situation where rope rescue operations are performed in an environment in which the load is supported by the rope system and the angle of the rope system is more than 40 degrees but less than 60 degrees.
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Stokes Litter
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A stretcher made of steel tubing and mesh wire that is used to transport a victim.
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Tensile Strength
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The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing or breaking.
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Victim Pick-Off
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Techniques designed to rescue victims who are suspended in space or in precariously elevated positions.
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Visual Damage
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Damage to a component that is visible to the naked eye such as cracks, elongation, cuts, abrasions, tears, operational defects, undue stretching, overall deterioration, defective, distorted, or faulty parts, and corrosion from heat, acids, and other products.
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Survey Search
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A survey search is a quick first-pass that covers a large area.
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Scratch Search
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a. A scratch search is a rapid logical search by a small rescue team over routes or locations where the victim might logically be expected.
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Saturation Search
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a. When survey or scratch searches are not successful, more thorough systematic searches have to be used.
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Free Search
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A free search is an underwater search conducted in an extremely restrictive area where debris, tree roots, underwater growth, or currents continuously hinder the movement of the divers.
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Line Search
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a. A line search is so named because the searchers form a line with individuals close enough that they can see and search all of the ground between themselves and their neighbors in the line.
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Underwater Line Search
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a. An underwater line search is a search using a rope or line.
b. The divers are attached to a line and a search of an area is conducted. |
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Circular Search
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. Divers swim in concentric circles over the bottom while tethered to a central object or person.
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Drag line Search
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Divers hold on to lines that are attached to a boat and are dragged at a safe distance from the boat. While being dragged, the divers conduct a visual search of an area in an attempt to locate the victim.
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Night Searches with the Helicopter
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Night searches utilizing the Department's helicopter shall be initiated only after the IC, Pilot, and Rescue Captain unanimously agree that the risk is acceptable.
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Acceptable Entry Conditions
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Acceptable entry conditions are conditions in a confined space that must exist to allow entry and to ensure that members can safely enter into and work in the space
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American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
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- The ACGIH is a voluntary membership organization of professional industrial hygiene personnel in governmental or educational institutions. The ACGIH develops and publishes recommended occupational exposure limits each year called Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for hundreds of chemicals, physical agents, and biological exposure indices.
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Anchor Point
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An anchor point is a single structural component used whether alone or in combination with other components to create an anchor system capable of sustaining the actual and potential load on the rope rescue system.
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Atmospheric Hazards
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Atmospheric hazards are conditions present in the atmosphere that can be toxic, flammable, oxygen deficient, oxygen enriched, or obscure visibility.
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Attendant
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The attendant is the trained person assigned to remain outside of the confined space, monitor conditions both in and out of the space, and communicate with the persons inside. The attendant may not enter the confined space while assigned attendant duties and is expected to call for help if the entrants require rescue.
The attendant may perform non-entry rescues. During a confined space emergency, at least one member of the rescue team should be assigned the duties of attendant and is known as the Rescue Attendant. |
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Authorized Entrants
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Authorized entrants are those persons trained, assigned, and equipped to enter and work within the confined space. During a confined-space rescue, members who are trained, equipped, and assigned to enter the confined space are known as the Confined Space Rescue Entrants (CSRE). Authorized entrants shall be able to continue communications with the attendant, recognize hazards of the confined space, use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), and be able to perform a self-rescue.
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Carbon Monoxide
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Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas that is a by-product of incomplete combustion of carbon. It has a vapor density less than 1.0.
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Class III Harness
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A Class III Harness is a harness designed to support a two-person load for rescue purposes with the harness fastened around the waist, around the thighs, under the buttocks, and over the shoulders to protect against inversion with chest and back attachment points.
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Competent Person
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A competent person is one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable conditions in the surroundings or in the working area that is unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to members, and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate such conditions.
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Confined Space Rescue Entrant
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A CSRE is a member entering a confined space for the specific purpose of rescue. This member shall meet the training requirements of an authorized CSRE specific to the space to be entered for rescue. All CSREs shall be certified as a CSRE through the Department’s confined space program and attend annual refresher courses.
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Confined Space - A confined space is defined by the existence of all of the following conditions:
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1. Large enough and configured to allow a person to enter and perform assigned work.
2. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit. 3. Is not designed for continuous member occupancy. 4. Examples of confined spaces are: pits, storage tanks, trenches, sewers, and silos. |
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Confined Space Rescue Equipment
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- Equipment such as life safety rope, harnesses, manually operated lowering and lifting devices, anchoring systems, and adjunct rescue equipment that is used for entry-type rescue of persons from confined spaces
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Confined Space Rescue Team (CSRT)
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A team, whose members are trained, equipped, and available to respond to confined space emergencies. A minimum of six members shall be immediately available during all confined space entries. A CSRT shall consist of Confined Space Rescue Team Leader (CSRTL), a Rescue Attendant, CSRE, and a Rapid Intervention Team.
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Confined Space Rescue Team Leader
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The rescue team leader is the person designated as responsible for direct supervision of the CSRT’s operations.
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Confined Space Rescue Group Supervisor
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The person in the Incident Command System (ICS) assigned the responsibility to ensure that the requirements of the confined-space procedures are met prior to, during, and after entry by persons in a confined space. During a confined-space rescue operation, either the IC or a specific person such as the Safety Officer should be assigned this duty
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Enclosed Space
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Enclosed spaces are spaces that do not meet the definition of a confined space, but may require precautionary measures upon entering. Examples of enclosed spaces are crawl spaces and service tunnels with existing general ventilation
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Entry Permit
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An entry permit is a written document that must be completed prior to entry into a confined space and defines the hazards of the space, the precautions to be taken, the type of work that will be performed, the roles of personnel involved in the entry, and other specific details.
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Entry Supervisor
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A person such as an employee, foreman, or crew chief who is responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry, overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry.
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Environmental Hazards
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Environmental hazards are hazards related to wind, rain, clouds, heat, and cold.
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Flash Point
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Flash point is the minimum temperature at which a material will produce enough vapors, in air, to form an ignitable mixture near the surface of the material.
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Hazard and Risk Assessment
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Hazard and risk assessment is determining what has happened to create the emergency, what conditions are still present or will evolve at the emergency, and then predicting what can be done to resolve the emergency.
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
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Any atmosphere that could expose personnel to the risk of death, incapacitation, injury, acute illness, or impairment of the ability to self-rescue,x
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
Causes:1. Flammable gas |
1. Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of ten percent of its lower explosive limit
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
Causes: 2. Airborne combustible |
2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its lower explosive limit, approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of five feet or less.
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
Causes:3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration |
3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5 percent or above 23.5 percent.
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
Causes:4. Atmospheric concentration of any hazardous substance |
4. Atmospheric concentration of any hazardous substance that could result in exposure of personnel to excess amounts of a dose or in excess of the permissible exposure limit.
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Hazardous Atmosphere for Confined Space
Causes:other atmospheric condition |
5. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health.
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Hydrogen Sulfide
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Hydrogen sulfide is a flammable, toxic gas that can be created by the decomposition of organic materials. It has a vapor density greater than 1.0.
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Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
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IDLH is the maximum level to which one could be exposed and still escape without experiencing any effects that may impair escape or cause irreversible health effects.
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Inerting
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Inerting is the introduction of an inert gas or a gas that will not support combustion into a tank or vessel so as to exclude oxygen from the tank or vessel.
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Life Hazard
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- Life hazard as a strategic factor during emergency response, the threat posed to the victims, emergency responders, and spectators.
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Lockout -
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Lockout is a method for keeping equipment from being set in motion and endangering workers.
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Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
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The lowest amount of concentration of a substance in the air that will produce a flash when an ignition source type such as heat, arc, or flame is present. At concentrations lower than the LEL, the mixture is too “lean” to burn.
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Methane
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Methane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, also called natural gas. Methane has a specific gravity less than 1.0.
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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA
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National Fire Protection Association is an international nonprofit organization advocating scientifically-based consensus codes and standards, research, and education for fire and safety related issues.
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Negative-Pressure Ventilation (NPV)
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NPV is the systematic removal of air, gases, or other airborne contaminants by using a fan to draw the air or contaminants out of the confined space.
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National Industrial Office of Safety and Health (NIOSH)
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The NIOSH is the federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
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Non-entry Retrieval
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Non-entry retrieval is a retrieval of a victim from outside of the confined space using equipment already in place.
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Non-permit Confined Space
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A confined space that does not contain a recognized acute hazard, or does not have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.
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OSHO 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit Required Confined Spaces - 29 CFR 1910.146
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, Permit Required Confined Spaces is the section specific to the Code of Federal Regulations that regulates permit requirements for confined spaces and the manner in which activities can occur within those spaces.
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Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere
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An atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is less than 19.5%.
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Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere
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An atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is more than 23.5%.
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Parts Per Million (PPM)
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PPM is the number of units of a particular material occurring in a total volume of one million units. One part per million is the equivalent of 1/10,000 of one percent.
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Patient Packing
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Patient packing is the process of securing a patient in a transfer device to minimize further harm to existing and potential injuries/illness during movement.
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Permissible Exposure Level
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The permissible level is the amount of exposure to a toxic substance that a member is allowed to receive in a given time period. This may be a Time Weighted Average (TWA) or a Threshold Limit Value (TLV).
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Permit Required Confined Space - A space that has one or more of the following characteristics: 1
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1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. Permit procedures are not required if the employer can show that existing ventilation is sufficient to remove potentially dangerous air contamination
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Permit Required Confined Space - A space that has one or more of the following characteristics:2
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2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant
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Permit Required Confined Space - A space that has one or more of the following characteristics:3
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3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross section.
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Permit Required Confined Space - A space that has one or more of the following characteristics:4
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4. Ready removal of a suddenly disabled member is difficult due to the location and/or size of access of the openings
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Permit Required Confined Space - A space that has one or more of the following characteristics:5
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5. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
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Personal Alert Safety System (PASS)
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PASS is a device, typically worn by members, intended to provide a means of automatically sounding an alarm when the wearer remains motionless for more than thirty seconds or may be activated manually by the wearer, if the need should arise. PASS should meet the requirements of NFPA 1500 and NFPA 1982 Standard on Personal Alert Safety System.
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Personal Protective Equipment
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- The equipment provided to shield or isolate personnel from infectious, chemical, physical, and thermal hazards. All PPEs shall meet the NFPA 1500 standards
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Physical Hazards
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Physical hazards within a confined space are
hazards that are produced by mechanical, electrical, chemical, or thermal means and endanger personnel in the confined space. |
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Positive-Pressure Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
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SAR is a form of respiratory protection in which the self-contained air supply is remote from the wearer, the air is supplied to the wearer by means of an air hose, and the pressure within the face piece is greater than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
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Recovery Mode
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- Recovery mode is the level of operational urgency where there is no chance of rescuing a victim alive.
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Retrieval Equipment
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Retrieval equipment is a combination of rescue equipment used for non-entry rescue of persons from confined spaces.
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Risk Benefit Analysis
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Risk benefit analysis is a decision made by a responder based on a hazard and situation assessment that weighs the risks likely to be taken against the benefits to be gained for taking those risks.
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Size-up factors
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1. Scope, magnitude, and nature of the incident.
2. Location and number of victims. 3. Risk versus benefit analysis. 4. Access to the scene. 5. Environmental factors. 6. Available and necessary resources. 7. Patient contact, when it can be performed, without endangering responders or victims. |
