Technical Rescue

Front 1

NFPA ______, professional qualifications for firefighters.

• chapter ______, section _______

Back 1

1001

6, 6.4.2

Front 2

NFPA ______ professional qualifications for technical rescuers.

Back 2

1006

Front 3

NFPA ______ operations and training for technical search and rescue

Back 3

1670

Front 4

Technical rescue incidents can be _____________ and ________ in detail.

Back 4

time-consuming

intricate

Front 5

the fire service has _________ units specifically trained to perform these rescues.

Back 5

specialized

Front 6

it is critical that _______ be provided to these units.

Back 6

support

Front 7

the job of the firefighter in many cases is to ______ these units in ________.

Back 7

assist

operation

Front 8

areas where assistance can be useful are:

1. ________ up the initial incident upon arrival.
   1. retrieving and using rescue ________ that the firefighter has been trained on to ______ in operations.

Back 8

sizing

equipment, aid

Front 9

list the 7 types of technical rescue operations.

Back 9

1. water rescue
2. structural collapse
3. high angle rescue operations
4. tench and excavation collapse
5. confined spaces
6. elevator and escalator
7. electrical emergencies

Front 10

water rescue- you must understand ________ and _________.

Back 10

conditions

hazards

Front 11

Water is governed by ______ laws that impact its movement.

Back 11

physical

Front 12

directions of waterways; list 4

Back 12

1. upstream
2. downstream
3. river right
4. river left

Front 13

river right is the right side of the river if you are looking ________

Back 13

downstream

Front 14

water moves is ________ flow

Back 14

laminar

Front 15

water near the shore moves _______

1. it moves in a ______ flow
2. this water is pulled to the _______ of the waterway and dives down, returning to the shore in a _________ motion.
3. water near the center moves ________.

Back 15

slower

helical

middle, corkscrew

faster

Front 16

moving water around curves:

• when water encounters a curve, it tends to carry away _______, which undermines the ______.
• the _____ moving water is found in the middle of the stream and moves to the outside of the curve.
• the _____ moving water is found at the inside of a turn.

1. this creates an _______ effect called a _____ ________.

Back 16

material, banks

fastest

slowest, eddy, shore eddy

Front 17

_________- calm areas separated from the main current flowing downstream.

Back 17

eddies

Front 18

An ________ upstream from the eddy breaks the current and a gentle _____ current is developed.

Back 18

obstacle

reversing

Front 19

eddies is where _______ and _______ can be found.

Back 19

debris

victims

Front 20

safe refuge for rescuers is an _______

Back 20

eddie

Front 21

________ ________ has the greatest influence on the look of a waterway.

Back 21

water level

Front 22

obstacles cause a _______ on the water surface.

Back 22

swelling

Front 23

protruding obstacles cause the water to part in a _______ pointing ______.

• this indicates an obstruction to _______

Back 23

v, upstream

avoid

Front 24

when water flows over a steep vertical drop, the force of the water creates a ______ just downstream of the drop.

Back 24

depression

Front 25

Depressions can get so deep that water normally flowing downstream is forced to move back upstream to ______ the ______

Back 25

fill

hole

Front 26

continuous recycling of the water is called ________ or ________

Back 26

hydraulic

hole

Front 27

the line where the recycling of water is separated from the main downstream current is called a _____ _______

Back 27

boil line

Front 28

water from a vertical drop is quite ________, and _______ objects may not float well.

Back 28

turbulent

buoyant

Front 29

___________- man-made vertical or near-vertical drop structures that stretch across a waterway.

Back 29

low-head dams

Front 30

________ from low-head dams is not possible unless a rescue is accomplished from the _______

Back 30

escape

shore

Front 31

5 safety considerations for low-head dams:

1. do not place rescuers ______ from these dams unless they are well trained.
2. avoid area where ________ are located.
3. avoid ______ ________ areas.
4. be aware that ______ ______ that can occur in mountainous, desert or commercial areas due to intense monsoon stomas or areas prone to hurricanes.

Back 31

1. upstream
2. strainers
3. shallow rock
4. flash flooding

Front 32

basic equipment that water rescuers have (7)

Back 32

1. PFD
2. foam collar
3. whistle
4. rescue knife
5. rescue helmets
6. safety shoes
7. throw bags

Front 33

pfd that is U.S. coast guard approved.

• they are designed to keep a person ____ and ____ slightly _____ in the water.

Back 33

type III/V

upright, tilted, back

Front 34

designed to keep a persons head out of the water.

Back 34

foam collar

Front 35

used for communications as a warning device.

Back 35

whistle

Front 36

aid in disentangling a rescuer

Back 36

rescue knife

Front 37

rescue helmets:

• provide ____ head protection
• ______ than structural firefighting helmets.
  • provide less ____ than structural firefighting helmets.

Back 37

full

lighter

drag

Front 38

safety shoes:

_______ shoes work better in water rescue.

• they are ______
  • they are less prone to _____ on wet surfaces.

Back 38

running

lighter

slip

Front 39

throw bags:

• a very ______ tool in rescue
• _____________ rings are sewn into the bottom of the bag
• a rope of blended ______ or _________ is stuffed into the bag, which allows it to _______ on the surface.
• the bag is tossed to a victim from the shore using a _______ swing.
• best throwing distance is ___ to ____ft
  • once the victim has the bag, the rescuer can ____ them to _____ using rope from the bag.

Back 39

• versatile
• foam flotation
• nylon, polypropylene, float
• pendulum
• 40 to 60ft
  • pull, shore

Front 40

submerged victim rescues:

• the initial action of an IC at these incidents is to dispatch a ______ ________
  • additional resources can be _________

Back 40

dive team

helicopters

Front 41

If victim cannot be immediately spotted in deep water, the following should be done:

• request a _____ teams and get an ____
  • establish a _____________

Back 41

dive, eta

point last seen(PLS)

Front 42

use the ____ as a basis for starting a perimeter search.

Back 42

PLS

Front 43

use the last ______ _______ as the PLS

Back 43

visual contact

Front 44

At the PLS

1. perform a quick ______ surface search.
2. get your bearings based on ________ markings.
3. try to _________ the position.

Back 44

visual

geographical

triangulate

Front 45

submerged vehicles potential problems

1. need for ______ gear at the incident
2. powerful ________
3. poor ______ in ______ water

Back 45

SCBA

undercurrents

visibility, murky

Front 46

many passenger vehicles will ____ for a short period of time

Back 46

float

Front 47

buses will tend to ___ almost immediately and _____ as they descend.

Back 47

sink

turtle

Front 48

______-speed crashes present a greater chance of rescue.

Back 48

low

Front 49

_______ windows are easier to break.

Back 49

rear

Front 50

on a vehicle avoid _______ for removal of victims due to difficulty of opening them.

Back 50

windshields

Front 51

clues for locating a submerged vehicle.

1. e
2. o
3. a
4. h

Back 51

1. escaping air bubbles
2. oil or gas slick
3. articles floating near the surface
4. headlights shining from below

Front 52

you may need to _______ the vehicle before rescue can proceed.

Back 52

stabalize

Front 53

moving the vehicle to a better position can be accomplished with;

Back 53

1. tow truck
2. a frame with a winch
3. crane
4. rope-hauling systems

Front 54

absolutes for water rescue:

• always..
• never..
• never..
• never..
• never..

Back 54

• wear a PFD
• wear turn-out gear
• put your feet down if swept away
• count on the victim to help
  • tie a rope around a rescuer

Front 55

if structural collapse is part of a terrorist attack, then __________ ________ must be considered.

Back 55

secondary devices

Front 56

collapses due to large-scale events may ______ resources and require fire companies to be on their own for possibly ____hrs, until state or federal usar units arrive.

Back 56

overtax

72

Front 57

a systematic approach to structural collapse operations.

1. it is based on a consensus of the most _______ Fd and rescue organizations.
2. The procedure or approach is called the ____ _______ _____ ________ ________

Back 57

1. experienced
2. five stages of collapse operations

Front 58

what are the five stages of structural collapse?

Back 58

• stage 1 : response, size-up, and reconnaissance.
• stage 2 : surface search and rescue
• stage 3 : void space search operations
• stage 4 : selected debris removal
• stage 5 : general debris removal

Front 59

the proper placement of apparatus should support the _____ strategic decisions.

Back 59

IC

Front 60

assign at least ____ aerial ladder at or near the ____ of the affected building.

have it _____ so observers can view the collapse scene and act as a lookout.

Back 60

one

front

raised

Front 61

engine company personnel can be used for:

Back 61

1. cutting teams
2. medical teams
3. rescue teams

Front 62

rescue companies and technical rescue teams are placed close to the _______ ________, but not in it.

Back 62

collapse zone

Front 63

paramedic or advanced life support units and ambulances are placed in a ______ group and _____ from the collapse zone.

Back 63

medical

away

Front 64

chief officers establish a _______ _______ that has a ____-sided view of the incident.

make sure it is ______ the collapse zone

Back 64

command post

two

outside

Front 65

factors for establishing staging areas include

Back 65

ground vibration

debris-filled streets

distance that the equipment must be carried

Front 66

stage 2 is the ________ for and _______ of victims trapped at or near the surface beneath structural and nonstructural elements.

Back 66

searching

rescuing

Front 67

victims found on top of the debris should be removed ______

Back 67

first

Front 68

initial operations should be directed at victims who can be ______ or ______

Back 68

seen

heard

Front 69

basic and advanced shoring systems may be needed to prevent _______ _________.

Back 69

secondary collapse

Front 70

________ equipment is generally not used in stages 1,2,3

Back 70

heavy

Front 71

ff could be used to establish bucket ________ to remove debris

Back 71

brigades

Front 72

when the last readily accessible victims are __________ and signs of additional victims _______, it may be time to transition from stage _ to stage _.

Back 72

removed

diminish

2

3

Front 73

there is a nationally approved ________ system that identifies when a building has been searched.

Back 73

marking

Front 74

marking system includes a marking to indicate the ________ of structure and any special _______ based on the assessment of the team that searched it.

Back 74

stability

dangers

Front 75

markings should be readily ________ from a distance

Back 75

identifiable

Front 76

marking system marks are usually made using _________ ________ paint sprayed directly on the building at the font or address side.

Back 76

fluorescent orange

Front 77

stage 3 void space search operations step is for searching potential ________ voids within the collapse pile.

Back 77

survivable

Front 78

stage 3 is one of the most ________ task in collapse rescue operations.

Back 78

dangerous

Front 79

__________ of walls is not recommended

Back 79

breaching

Front 80

it is _____ to cut hole in floors and use the vertical shaft approach.

Back 80

safer

Front 81

timber shoring should be kept as _____ as possible to provide a more stable shoring.

Back 81

short

Front 82

once shoring has been placed within an unstable building it should not be _________

Back 82

removed

Front 83

all accessible void spaces are checked for _______ by rescuers.

Back 83

victims

Front 84

as debris is encounter it must be removed to allow ________ movement.

Back 84

foward

Front 85

_________ is placed to maintain stability for ingress and egress of victims and rescuers

Back 85

shoring

Front 86

after all survivable void spaces have been searched, ________ _________ _______ begins.

Back 86

selective debris removal

Front 87

in stage 4 __________ equipment is used as well as structural ________, and _______, and ________ contractors.

Back 87

heavy

engineers

construction

demolition

Front 88

stage 4 process starts at the ______ of the collapse pile and works ______.

Back 88

top

down

Front 89

in some cases stage 3 _______ are alternated with stage 4 ________ until the entire collapse zone is ________

Back 89

searches

strategies

dismantled

Front 90

stage 5- this generally signals the ____ of search and rescue operations.

Back 90

end

Front 91

during high-angle rescue operations do not ____ the response of rescue units or companies un the victim is ________

Back 91

cancel

rescued

Front 92

how many priorities are there for high-angle rescue operations.

Back 92

3

Front 93

Priority ___- Ensuring ff safety

Back 93

1

Front 94

Priority __- secure victims in danger of falling from their current position, and securing vehicles in danger of rolling or falling.

Back 94

2

Front 95

Priority _- treat the victim for immediately life-threatening conditions while waiting for rescue company or technical rescue team to arrive, or for first-responding units to establish and insert a litter team and prepare to raise the victim and rescuers.

Back 95

3

Front 96

if it has been determined that a rope system will be used, establish _______ _______ ______

Back 96

bomb proof anchors

Front 97

if vehicles are used as an anchor, ______ the wheels and remove the _____ from the _______.

Back 97

chalk

keys

ignition

Front 98

any point where a rope passes a stationary object it must be _______ with _______ protection to prevent damage to the rope.

Back 98

padded

edge

Front 99

whenever possible _____ ropes should also be provided for the victim and can be taken to the victim by the 1st rescuer or by the _____ team.

the second rope is the _____ line.

Back 99

two

litter

safety

Front 100

non-rescue-rated-cable ______ should not be used to raise victims.

Back 100

winches

Front 101

injured victims should be securely packaged in a _______ _______ before any raising or lowering operations.

Back 101

rescue litter

Front 102

potential jumper en route- if available and appropriate for the situation, request a ______ ______ _____ unit to respond to provide fall protection.

Back 102

rescue fall cushion

Front 103

trench and excavation collapse are common _______ and _______ incidents.

Back 103

industrial

construction

Front 104

trench and excavation en route:

Back 104

location

number of victims

special hazards

Front 105

trench:

park apparatus a safe distance from the collapse, to reduce potential of ______ causing secondary collapse.

Back 105

vibration

Front 106

trench:

no vehicles should be within ____ft of the trench.

Back 106

50

Front 107

trench:

_______ and ______ entry into unshared collapse areas and unshared trenches.

Back 107

isolate

deny

Front 108

trench:

generally rescuers should not enter unshared trenches and excavations more than ____ft in depth, even for rescue.

Back 108

5

Front 109

trench:

locate site _______ to determine potential number of victims, last known locations, and site-specific hazards like utilities, pipelines, water mains.

Back 109

supervisor

Front 110

keep the site supervisor with the _______.

Back 110

IC

Front 111

trench rescue operations eventually require the trench walls to be ________ in the shoring process.

Back 111

pressurized

Front 112

if the dirt pile is right on the edge of the trench, begin hand digging pile back at least ___ ft from the edge

Back 112

2

Front 113

assign at least ____ companies to help the rescue company or technical rescue team unloading the equipment on their arrival and transport tools to equipment pool.

Back 113

two

Front 114

develop a materials _______ to store plywood, planks, and other shoring materials.

Back 114

pool

Front 115

approach trenches from the _____ to avoid secondary collapse, and insert a ____ in each end.

Back 115

end

ladder

Front 116

a ladder should be placed every ___ft in the trench for emergency escape.

Back 116

20

Front 117

be mindful that apparatuses still running may create _______________ that could find its way into the trench or excavation.

Back 117

carbon monoxide

Front 118

precautionary ________ into the trench and other collapse zones is advised under all circumstances to maintain a fresh atmosphere clear of contaminants.

Back 118

ventilation

Front 119

________ your findings to the incoming rescue company or tr team.

Back 119

radio

Front 120

__________________- this is one of the most difficult and dangerous duties ff can respond to.

Back 120

confined-space rescue

Front 121

during confined space rescue there is a relatively high incidence of mortality among would be rescuers at ____%

Back 121

50

Front 122

classifications of confined spaces

Back 122

non-permit

permit

Front 123

____________:

• large enough for an employee to enter to perform work.
• has limited or restricted means of entry and egress.
  • is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

Back 123

non-permit

Front 124

___________:

• contains a hazardous atmosphere
• contains material with potential for engulfment.
• potential for victim to become trapped or asphyxiated.

Back 124

permit

Front 125

____________ study showed ____ confined space fatalities were in untested, oxygen-deficient atmospheres.

Back 125

1985 OSHA

173

Front 126

reasons for oxygen deficient atmospheres:

1. consumption by...
2. absorption of....
3. displacement by other....
4. purging..
5. oxidation from...
6. a result of...

Back 126

1. fermentation, bacterial, or chemical reactions
2. hazardous substances into the lining of the shaft
3. gases formed within the space or introduced from the outside
4. operations
5. rusting steel casings or curing concrete shaft casings
6. respirations from a trapped victim

Front 127

combustible atmospheres may _____ or _____ if source of ______ is present or introduced.

Back 127

ignite

explode

ignition

Front 128

combustible agents may include naturally occurring _______, ______, from liquids such as _____ or _______, or ______ of combustible materials.

Back 128

gases

vapors

fuels

solvents

dust

Front 129

combustible atmospheres are considered hazardous when they reach ____% of their ________________________.

Back 129

10

lower explosive limit (LEL)

Front 130

an oxygen enriched atmosphere (____%) __________ the potential for ignition.

Back 130

23.5+

increases

Front 131

different gases, heavier or lighter than air, seek lower or higher levels (____________) in a deep confined space.

Back 131

stratification

Front 132

dusts are considered combustible in certain concentrations when _________ reduce visibility to less than ___ft

Back 132

particulates

5

Front 133

types of gases in a confined space:

Back 133

carbon monoxide

hydrogen sulfide

Front 134

____________:

• incomplete product of combustion
• colorless and odorless
  • can reach lethal levels in confined spaces

Back 134

co

Front 135

______________:

• produced from natural decomposition of sulfur bearing organic matter
• raw sewage can create this
• exposure to low concentrations can cause breathing complications
• higher concentrations can cause unconsciousness and death
• it has a rotten egg smell that can precent the rescuer or victim from being able to smell.

Back 135

hydrogen sulfide

Front 136

if power goes out, machines must be isolated and ____________ and security posted.

Back 136

locked out/tagged out

Front 137

OSHA requires _____ separate and intrinsically safe light sources be carried by each member of an entry team for confined space.

Back 137

3

Front 138

confined spaces should be considered an ______ atmosphere until proven differently.

Back 138

IDLH

Front 139

hazards on performing rescue in confined spaces.

• include _______, ______, and ________ operations.
  • hazards of these tasks are ______ because of the confined spaces.

Back 139

cutting, shoring, lifting

greater

Front 140

confined spaces enroute:

use information from ________

Back 140

preplans

Front 141

confined spaces enroute:

interview

Back 141

witnesses

reporting party

site supervisor

Front 142

confined spaces enroute:

determine

Back 142

1. what happened
2. number of probable victims
3. probability of victim survival
4. potential hazards to rescuers

Front 143

confined spaces en route:

request

Back 143

entry permit

MSDS sheets

Victim information

Front 144

confined spaces on arrival:

goals to assist the rescue teams

1. establish an _______ zone

• should be ___ft around the space opening

2. establish an ________ zone.

• a ____ ft perimeter around the exclusion zone.
  • _____ and ______ entry team operations and support operations are conducted here.

Back 144

exclusion, 50ft

operational, 100ft, primary, backup

Front 145

all electrical, mechanical, or other forms of energy must be ______ and _______ prior to entry.

Back 145

shutdown

de-energized

Front 146

all valves, switches, gates, or other control devices must be locked out with a keyed padlock and tag that read "________________________"

Back 146

DO NOT REMOVE. DO NOT TOUCH

Front 147

Make sure atmospheric monitoring is conducted _____ and on a regular schedule around the hazard area.

Back 147

initially

Front 148

for many ______ and ______ fd a response to an office building or apartment building to rescue someone trapped in an elevator is a common occurrence.

Back 148

urban

suburban

Front 149

elevator terminology

Back 149

• hoist way
• elevator car
• traction elevators
  • hydraulic elevators

Front 150

a vertical shaft where the elevator car travels

Back 150

hoist way

Front 151

device that travels up and down the hoist way

Back 151

elevator car

Front 152

• it uses an electric motor and a cable or rope to raise and lower the elevation carl
• controls are found in an elevator equipment room at the top of the hoist way.
  • can be found in buildings of any height.

Back 152

traction elevators

Front 153

• uses a hydraulic piston to raise and lower the car
• power units for the elevator are typically found at or near the lowest level.
  • typically found in building up to five floors in height.

Back 153

hydraulic elevators

Front 154

used to access the elevator and is usually stored in the equipment room, sometimes on apparatus.

Back 154

hoist way keys.

Front 155

you can force door using these tools.

Back 155

1. halligan tool
2. rabbit tool
3. wedges
4. small air rescue bags

Front 156

make sure all ff operating in or near the hoist way are secured with _____ or ______

Back 156

rope

harness

Front 157

__________- metal bars that prevent the hoist way doors from opening if car is outside the "________" which is ___in above or below the floor level of the lobby.

Back 157

door restrictors

landing zone

18inches

Front 158

_________ rescues are less common than elevator emergencies.

Back 158

escalator

Front 159

on arrival of escalator rescue:

• assess the _______
• try hitting the emergency ______ switch
  • disconnect ________

Back 159

situation

stop

power

Front 160

if fingers are caught in the handrail glides then use one of two different saws to cut the plate and expose the innards.

Back 160

whizzer saws

reciprocating saws

Front 161

more than ____ ff have been killed by electricity over the past ___ years.

Back 161

25

20

Front 162

use ________ ________ to see potential hazards at an emergency scene of electrical emergencies.

Back 162

situational awareness

Front 163

always consider all electrical lines and conductors as _______ until told they are ________

Back 163

energized

cold

Front 164

drivers need to ______ any possible electrical hazards

Back 164

size up

Front 165

responding units should not travel or position beneath any _____ that are ______.

Back 165

wires

compromised

Front 166

avoid parking near or in _______ of _______ that may become energized.

Back 166

puddles

water

Front 167

apparatus is grounded by the _______ ________.

Back 167

rubber tires

Front 168

to exit the apparatus:

• carefully ______ as far away as possible
• land with _____ ______ together without losing balance
• do not touch the ______ with your _____
• do not _____ forward or backward
  • once on the ground, _____ feet while walking away to maintain contact with the ground and to precent arcing.

Back 168

• jump
• both feet
• ground, hand
• fall
  • shuffle

Front 169

aerial ladders are required to maintain a distance of ___ft from wires and components of _____ volts or more.

Back 169

10

600

Front 170

even ____ ladders can conduct electricity

Back 170

wooden

Front 171

common natural hazards for electricity.

Back 171

1. windstorms
2. hurricanes
3. floods

Front 172

_________ _________ hazards are found at fires in structures.

Back 172

internal electrical

Front 173

use _____ ______ and ____ _____ to detect electrical current

Back 173

hot sticks

voltage meters

Front 174

If victims are present in electrical emergencies the IC should upgrade the incident type to a _________ rescue.

Back 174

technical

Front 175

_________ gloves should be used if available.

Back 175

lineman

Front 176

this is one of the more common tasks involving electricity.

Back 176

de-energizing a building.

Front 177

2 methods for de-energizing a building

Back 177

open main switch

turning off breakers

Front 178

for downed wires establish a safety perimeter:

• at least _____ span of the poles in all directions
• set up _____ _______ _______
• use traffic ______ or _____ ______ ______
  • assign law enforcement to _____ _______

Back 178

one

incident access control

barriers, fire line tape

limit access.

Front 179

electrical emergencies involving vehicle with life threat:

conscious victim:

have the victim ______ away from the vehicle to a safe area at least ____ft from the vehicle or downed wire.

Back 179

shuffle

30

Front 180

electrical emergencies involving vehicle with life threat:

unconscious victim extinguishing the fire:

1. do not use ____ or _____
2. considered a class ____ fire
3. have the utility company _________ the wires
4. protect ______
5. isolate area and _______ entry within ___ft of affected area

Back 180

• water, foam
• c
• de-energize
• exposures
  • deny, 30

Front 181

electrical vaults and manholes are unusual but _________ hazards.

Back 181

potent

Front 182

_________ ________ are high-rise operations.

Back 182

electrical substations

Front 183

be aware of older transformers they may contain _____________ ____________

• this is a hazardous material and a known _________

Back 183

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

carcinogen

Front 184

newer transformers contain _____ ______

Back 184

mineral oil

Front 185

maintain a safe distance equal to ___ times the height of the tower or pole

Back 185

1 1/2

Front 186

avoid establishing safe zones or escape routes below wires or ____ or ______

Back 186

towers

poles