Technical Rescue

Front 1

Professional Qualifications for Firefighters

Back 1

NFPA 1001 Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2

Front 2

Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue

Back 2

NFPA 1670

Front 3

Professional Qualifications for Technical Rescuers

Back 3

NFPA 1006

Front 4

Areas where assistance can be useful are;

Back 4

1. Sizing up the initial incident upon arrival.
2. Retrieving and using rescue equipment that the firefighter has been trained on to aid and operations.

Front 5

Water is governed by _______ _______ that impact its movement.

Back 5

Physical Laws

Front 6

Directions of waterways

Back 6

1. Upstream
2. Downstream
3. River right
4. River left

Front 7

The right side of the river as one is looking downstream.

Back 7

River right

Front 8

The left side of the river as one is looking downstream.

Back 8

River left

Front 9

Water moves in a ________ ________.

Back 9

Laminar flow.

Front 10

Water near the shore moves _________.

Back 10

Slower.

Front 11

Water near the shore moves in a ________ flow.

Back 11

helical

Front 12

Water near the shore is pulled to the _______ of the waterway and _____ _____, returning to the shore in a _______ motion.

Back 12

Middle, dives down, corkscrew motion.

Front 13

Water near the center moves ________.

Back 13

faster.

Front 14

When water encounters a curve, it tends to _______ _______ material, which undermines the banks.

Back 14

Carry away

Front 15

The fastest moving water is found in the ______ of the stream and moves to the ______ of the curve.

Back 15

Middle, outside

Front 16

The slowest moving water is found at the _____ of a turn. This creates an _____ effect called a ______ _______.

Back 16

Inside, eddy, shore eddy.

Front 17

Calm areas separated from the main current flowing down stream.

Back 17

Eddies

Front 18

An obstacle upstream from it breaks the current and gentle reversing current is developed.

Back 18

Eddies

Front 19

This is where debris and victims can be found.

Back 19

Eddies

Front 20

Safe refuge for rescuers.

Back 20

Eddies

Front 21

This has the greatest influence on the look of a waterway.

Back 21

Water level.

Front 22

These cause a swelling on the surface, which is an indication of an obstacle below.

Back 22

Obstructions

Front 23

Protruding obstacles cause the water to part in a ___ pointing _______.

Back 23

V, upstream.

Front 24

Indicates an obstruction to avoid.

Back 24

Obstructions

Front 25

When water flows over a steep vertical drop, the force of the water creates a _______ just downstream of the drop.

Back 25

Depression

*vertical drops

Front 26

The depression can get so deep that water normally flowing downstream is forced to _______ ________ ________ to fill the hole.

Back 26

Move back upstream

*vertical drops

Front 27

Gravity has overcome the force of the current.

Back 27

Vertical drops

Front 28

Vertical drops set up a continuous recycling of the water we call...

Back 28

A hydraulic, or hole.

Front 29

The line where the recycling water is separated from the main downstream current is called a _______ _______.

Back 29

Boil line.

Front 30

Water from vertical drop is quite ________ and buoyant objects may not float well.

Back 30

turbulent

Front 31

Safety considerations for Low-head dams:

(1) Do not place rescuers ________ from these dams unless they are well trained.

(2) Avoid area where __________ are located, usually near bridge abutments, trees, fencing, and the like.

(3) Avoid _______ _______ areas.

(4) Be aware that _______ _______ that can occur in mountainous, desert or commercial areas due to intense monsoon storms or areas prone to hurracaines.

Back 31

1. upstream

2. strainers

3. shallow rock

4. flash flooding

Front 32

Man-made vertical or near vertical drop structures that stretch across a waterway.

Back 32

Low head dams

Front 33

This causes anyone to be forced to the bottom of the waterway until they reach the ______ ______, where they are brought to the surface and pulled back upstream where the process happens again.

Back 33

Boil line

Front 34

Escape from a low head dam is not possible unless a rescue is accomplished from the _______.

Back 34

Shore

Front 35

Basic equipment that rescuers should have are the following;

Back 35

1. Personal flotation devices.

2. Foam collar.

3. Whistle.

4. Rescue Knife.

5. Rescue helmets.

6. Safety shoes.

7. Throw bags.

Front 36

Type III / V US Coast Guard approved. Designed to keep a person upright and tilted slightly back in the water.

Back 36

Personal flotation devices

Front 37

Designed to keep a person's head out of the water.

Back 37

Foam Collar

Front 38

Used for communications and as a warning device.

Back 38

Whistle

Front 39

Aid in disentangling a rescuer.

Back 39

Rescue knife

Front 40

Rescue Helmets are _______, and provide less ______ than structural firefighting helmets. They also provide ______ _______ protection.

Back 40

Lighter, drag, full head.

Front 41

_______ ________ work better in water rescue operations then firefighter work boots. They are _________, and less prone to __________________________________.

Back 41

Running shoes, lighter, slip on wet surfaces.

Front 42

A very versatile tool in rescue. Foam floatation rings are sewn into the bottom.

Back 42

Throw bags

Front 43

A rope of _______ ________ or _________ is stuffed into the bag, which allows it to float on the surface.

Back 43

Blended nylon or polypropylen.

Front 44

The throw bag is tossed to a victim from the shore using a __________ _________ with the rope paying it out as it goes.

Back 44

Pendulum swing

Front 45

Typically the best throwing distance for a throw bag is usually about _____ to _____ ft.

Back 45

40 to 60 ft.

Front 46

Once the victim has the bag, the rescuer can pull them to shore using ____ _____ _____ _____ ______.

Back 46

the rope from the bag.

Front 47

With submerged victim rescues, the initial action of an IC is to _______ ___ ______ _______. Additional resources can be _________.

Back 47

Dispatch a dive team. Helicopters.

Front 48

What should be done if a victim cannot be immediately spotted in deep water?

Back 48

1. Request dive teams and get an estimated time of arrival (ETA).

2. Establish a point last seen (PLS).

Front 49

Use the PLS as a basis for starting a ________ ________.

Back 49

Perimeter search.

Front 50

If victim went down in calm water their location can be based on _____________________________.

Back 50

Witnesses on the shore.

Front 51

Use the _____ ______ _______ as the PLS.

Back 51

Last visual contact

Front 52

At the PLS

1. Perform a ______ _______ ________ ________.

2. Get your bearings based on _________ _________.

3. Try to __________ the position.

Back 52

1. Quick visual surface search.

2. Geographical markings.

3. Triangulate.

Front 53

Potential problems with submerged vehicles.

1. Need for _______ gear at the incident.

2. Powerful _________.

3. Poor visibility in _______ ________.

Back 53

1. SCUBA.

2. Undercurrents.

3. Murky water.

Front 54

Many passenger vehicles will _______ for a short period of time.

Back 54

Float

Front 55

Buses will tend to ______ almost immediately and _______ as they descend.

Back 55

Sink, turtle

Front 56

The amount of air that is in the vehicle is directly related to the amount of ________________________________.

Back 56

damage the vehicle has sustained.

Front 57

Low speed crashes percent a _______ _______ of rescue.

Back 57

Greater chance

Front 58

In a _____________, it will take longer for the vehicle to sink.

Back 58

low-speed crash

Front 59

In a low-speed crash, Vehicle will tend to _______ _________ allowing the rear window to be above water longer.

Back 59

Tilt forward

Front 60

Rear windows are __________________ so access to the victim is _______ .

Back 60

Easier to break, quicker.

Front 61

Side windows are _______ and may be lowered by the occupant. They are also _______ _______, so access for an unconscious victim is easier.

Back 61

Accessible, easily broken.

Front 62

Avoid _______ for removal of victims due to difficulty of opening them.

Back 62

windshields

Front 63

What are the clues for locating a submerged vehicle?

Back 63

1. Escaping air bubbles.

2. Oil or gas slick.

3. Articles floating near the surface.

4. Headlights shining from below.

Front 64

This may be necessary before the vehicle rescue can proceed.

Back 64

Stabilizing the vehicle

Front 65

In calm water, _______ _______ can be used to anchor the vehicle to a bridge, tree, or other strong anchor.

Back 65

Guide ropes

Front 66

What can be used for additional stabilization on a vehicle rescue?

Back 66

A winch or tow truck.

Front 67

Moving the vehicle to a better position can be accomplished with:

Back 67

1. Tow truck.

2. A frame with a winch.

3. Crane.

4. Rope-hauling systems (under limited conditions)

Front 68

The vehicle _______ can be a hindrance to the rescue.

Back 68

Position

Front 69

If vehicle is submerged, access through the doors maybe difficult due to the _______ _______ between the inside and outside of the vehicle.

Back 69

Pressure differential

Front 70

Vehicle doors may be damaged due to _______ _______.

Back 70

Prior impact

Front 71

Absolutes for water rescue.

Back 71

1. Always wear a PFD.

2. Never wear turnout gear.

3. Never put your feet down if swept away.

4. Never count on the victim to help.

5. Never tie a rope around a rescuer.

Front 72

Firefighters arriving at a structural collapse will need to complete the following tasks simultaneously;

1. Search for _______ _______.

2. Prevent secondary collapse through _______.

3. Rescue _______ _______.

4. Knock down fire from _______ _______.

5. Identify and react to _______ _______ _______.

6. Treat _______.

Back 72

1. Missing victims.

2. shoring.

3. trapped victims.

4. gas leaks.

5. Hazardous materials releases.

6. casualties.

Front 73

If collapse is part of a terrorist attack, then _______ _______ must be considered.

Back 73

Secondary devices

Front 74

Collapses due to large scale events may overtax resources and require fire companies to be on their own for possibly _______ until state or federal urban search and rescue units arrive.

Back 74

72 hours

Front 75

A systematic approach to structural collapse operation.

1. It is based on a _______ of the most experienced fire departments and rescue organizations.

2. It is now the _______ _______ for structural collapse around the world.

3. The procedure or approach is called the _____________________________.

4. It can be applied to _______ _______ situation so that they can be effectively managed.

Back 75

1. Consensus.

2. Recognized procedures.

3. The five stages of collapse operations.

4. Any size collapse.

Front 76

The five stages of collapse operations.

Back 76

Stage 1: Response, size up, and reconnaissance.

Stage 2: Surface search and rescue.

Stage 3: Void space search operations.

Stage 4: Selected debris removal.

Stage 5: General debris removal.

Front 77

FEMA search assessment marking.

1. Single / upon entry into structure indicates _______. TF ID, date an entry time noted.

2. Crossing X upon exit, Date and time noted in _______ _______. Additional information placed in _______ _______ of X.

3. Right - _________, bottom - _______ ____ _______.

4. What do you do when new search completed?

Back 77

1. Ongoing search.

2. Top field. Open areas.

3. Hazards, # of victims.

4. Cross out previous, and complete new search assessment marking.

Front 78

In Stage 1, when responding you should consider _______ _______ :

Back 78

Possible causes:

1. Fires

2. Natural gas explosions.

3. Vehicle striking structures.

4. Construction accidents.

5. Mudslides.

6. Floods.

7. Avalanches.

8. Earthquakes.

9. Bombings.

10. Terrorist attacks.

11. Possible secondary explosions.

Front 79

When conducting a Size-up, consider the _________ of the affected area.

Back 79

extent

Front 80

When conducting a Size-up, consider if it is a ___________ building or an entire ___________ or ________.

Back 80

single building, neighborhood or city.

Front 81

Conduct an ______ ______ size-up of the involved building(s) and the ________ ________.

Back 81

eight-sided, surrounding area.

Front 82

When conducting a Size-up, check the ______________________________________________.

Back 82

top, bottom-basement, and four sides of the building.

Front 83

When conducting a Size-up, check the ______ ______ around the building for falling hazards from adjacent structures and other aerial hazards.

Back 83

air space

Front 84

When conducting a Size-up, conduct a ________ ________ of the ground around the structure, looking for hazards like ruptured gas mains, broken water mains, railroad tracks, and other potential ground-level problems.

Back 84

rotary sweep

Front 85

What are the factors that can indicate how many victims might be trapped and where they might be?

Back 85

1. Time of day

2. Day of week

3. Holiday

4. Occupancy type

5. Overall situation in immediate area of collapse.

6. Condition of the area surrounding the actual collapse.

7. Construction and material involved

8. Pattern of collapse

Front 86

Improper placement of apparatus at an emergency incident can _______________________.

Back 86

complicate the situation.

Front 87

The proper placement of apparatus should support the _____________________________.

Back 87

IC strategic decisions.

Front 88

Assign at least _____________________ at or near the front of the affected building.

Back 88

one aerial ladder

Front 89

Have aerial ladder raised so observers can view the collapse scene and act as a __________.

Back 89

lookout

Front 90

Engine Company personnel can be used for:

Back 90

1. Cutting teams

2. Medical teams

3. Rescue teams

Front 91

Rescue Companies and Technical Rescue Teams are placed ____________________ but not ___________. This commonly is ____________________________.

Back 91

close to the collapse, but not in it.

In front of the building.

Front 92

Paramedic or advanced life support units or ambulances are placed in a _________ group and ________ from the collapse zone.

Back 92

medical, away

Front 93

Chief Officers establish a command post that has a ______ _______ view of the incident.

Make sure it is _________ the collapse zone.

Back 93

two-sided, outside

Front 94

Specialized companies and units placements is based on ______________________________________.

Back 94

incident specific objectives.

Front 95

Heavy equipment placing is based on _________________________________.

Back 95

incident specific objectives.

Front 96

Provide ________ _________ for Heavy Equipment from staging.

Back 96

Access routes

Front 97

Factors for establishing staging areas include;

Back 97

1. Ground vibration

2. Debris-filled streets

3. Distance that equipment must be carried.

Front 98

Stage 1 includes;

Back 98

1. Possible Causes

2. Size-up

3. Factors that indicate # of victims and their location.

4. Apparatus placement.

Front 99

The searching for and rescuing of victims trapped at or near the surface beneath structural and non-structural elements.

Back 99

Stage 2: Surface Search and Rescue

Front 100

Victims found __________________ should be removed first.

Back 100

on top of the debris

Front 101

Initial operations should be directed at victims who ___________________________________.

Back 101

can be seen or heard.

Front 102

Victims whose location is known, even if they cannot be seen or heard, should be ___________.

Back 102

secondary.

Front 103

Rescuing secondary victims may require various ________________________________________.

Back 103

hand tools and hydraulic jacks.

Front 104

Basic and advanced ______________________ may be needed to prevent secondary collapse.

Back 104

shoring systems

Front 105

Firefighting personnel may be required to assist in supplying ____________ equipment and cutting wood to provide _______________________.

Back 105

shoring, shoring material.

Front 106

Passersby and relatives should be prevented from ____________________________________.

Back 106

accessing the debris piles.

*Securing the Incident

Front 107

Removal of debris must be __________ and ____________.

Back 107

careful and deliberate.

*Securing the Incident

Front 108

_____________________ is generally not used in Stages 1, 2,and 3. If it is used, _____________________________ must be used.

Back 108

Heavy Equipment, special care and discipline

Front 109

If working on top of the collapse, firefighters need to be cautious of _________________________.

Back 109

where and how they move.

*Firefighter Assignments

Front 110

Firefighters may be used to establish ____________________ to remove debris.

Back 110

bucket brigades

*Firefighter Assignments

Front 111

When is it time to transition to stage 3 operations?

Who determines this?

Back 111

When the last readily accessible victims are removed and signs of additional victims diminish.

IC determines this after discussing the situation with subordinates.

*Transition to Recovery

Front 112

There is a nationally approved marking system that identifies _________________________________. It helps to prevent _______________________________.

Back 112

when a building has been searched.

redundant searches of buildings.

Front 113

The nationally approved marking system includes a marking to indicate the ___________ of the structure and any _________________________________ based on the assessment of the team that searched it.

Back 113

stability, special dangers

Front 114

Marking should be __________________________ from a distance.

Back 114

readily identifiable

Front 115

Marks are usually made by using _______________________________ sprayed directly on the building at the __________________________.

Back 115

fluorescent orange, front or address side.

Front 116

FEMA Structure / Hazards Marking

1. 2x2 ft Square

2. / in Square

3. X in Square

Back 116

1. Structure relatively safe for US&R operations.

2. Structure significantly damaged. Shoring/removal of hazards may be required.

3. Structure not safe for normal US&R operations. Extensive safety measures must be taken before entry.

Front 117

This step is for searching potential survivable voids within the collapsed pile.

Back 117

Stage 3: Void space search operations.

Front 118

This is one of the most dangerous tasks in collapse rescue operations.

Back 118

Stage 3: Void space search operations.

Front 119

Stage 3: Void space search operations. These are skills that are beyond the typical firefighter and require ___________________________.

Back 119

Highly trained rescue personnel.

Front 120

First-due firefighters can assist in stage 3 operations by __________________________________.

Back 120

Providing materials for shoring and moving debris.

Front 121

Breaching of wall is ________________.

Back 121

Not recommended.

Front 122

Rather than breaching wall, it is safer to ______________ in floors and use the _______________ approach.

Back 122

Cut hole, vertical shaft approach.

Front 123

Shoring should be used to support weekened walls or floors, but not to _____________________________________.

Back 123

Restore structural elements to their original positions.

Front 124

_____________________ should be kept as short as possible to provide a more stable shoring.

Back 124

Timber shoring

Front 125

After all survivable void spaces have been searched, _________ __________ removal begins.

This is Stage _______: _________________.

Back 125

Selective debris.

Stage 4: Selected debris removal.

Front 126

In this phase heavy equipment is used as well as structural engineers in construction and demolition contractors.

Back 126

Stage 4: Selected debris removal.

Front 127

All accessible void spaces are checked for victims by rescuers.

Back 127

Working in voids

Front 128

As debris is encountered it must be __________ to allow forward movement.

Back 128

Removed.

* Working in voids

Front 129

__________ is placed to maintain stability for ingress and egress of victims and rescuers.

Back 129

Shoring

* Working in voids

Front 130

First-due firefighters are typically positioned at the _________ to help remove debris as it is passed out and to hand _______ _______ and equipment to rescuers working inside.

Back 130

Entrance, needed tools

* Working in voids

Front 131

This is generally signals the and of search and rescue operations.

Back 131

Stage 5: General debris removal

Front 132

These operations should only be undertaken after all other potential life sustaining voids have been physically or technically explored for victims and there is a reasonable assurance that no survivors remain inside the collapse.

Back 132

Stage 5: General debris removal

Front 133

Rescuers and firefighters must remain alert for any potential ________________ or ________________ conditions.

Back 133

Signs of life or life-sustaining conditions.

Front 134

Rescuers and firefighters should also be alert for any _________________ or ___________________________________.

Back 134

Human remains, potential evidence of the cause of the collapse.

Front 135

This stage includes the use of heavy equipment to demolish or remove large parts of the structure.

Back 135

Stage 5: General debris removal

Front 136

This stage may require hundreds of personnel participating in the hand removal of tons of debris.

Back 136

Stage 5: General debris removal

Front 137

The search for _________________ continues to Stage 5.

Back 137

Deceased victims

Front 138

Size-up factors in High-Angle Rescue Operations:

1. What is the _______ ________ of the incident and the best _________ for rescue?

2. What is the victims __________?

3. Is victim able to ________ in his / her rescue?

4. What __________ is needed?

Back 138

1. Exact location, access

2. Predicament

3. Assist

4. Equipment

Front 139

What are the different types of rescue operations?

Back 139

1. Water rescue.

2. Structure collapse operations.

3. High angle rescue operations.

4. Trench and excavation collapse rescues.

5. Confined space rescue.

6. Elevator and escalator rescues.

7. Electrical emergencies.

Front 140

Do not cancel the _______________________________ until the victim is rescued.

Back 140

the response of rescue units or companies

Front 141

What are the 3 priorities of High-Angle Rescue operations?

Back 141

Priority 1: Ensuring firefighter safety.

Priority 2: Secure victims in danger of falling from their current position, and securing vehicles in danger of rolling or falling.

Priority 3: Treat the victim for immediate life-threatening conditions while waiting for the Rescue Company or Technical Rescue Team to arrive, or for first-responding units to establish and insert a litter team and prepare to raise the victim and rescuers.

Front 142

High-Angle Rescue Priority 2

Back 142

Priority 2: Secure victims in danger of falling from their current position, and securing vehicles in danger of rolling or falling.

Front 143

High-Angle Rescue Priority 3

Back 143

Treat the victim for immediate life-threatening conditions while waiting for the Rescue Company or Technical Rescue Team to arrive, or for first-responding units to establish and insert a litter team and prepare to raise the victim and rescuers.

Front 144

High-Angle Rescue Priority 1

Back 144

Ensuring firefighter safety

Front 145

In a High-Angle Rescue, if it has been determined that a rope system will be used, establish ______________________________.

Back 145

bomb proof anchors.

Front 146

In a High-Angle Rescue, if vehicles are used as an anchor, ________ the wheels and _______________________ from the ignition.

Back 146

chalk, remove the keys

Front 147

Any point where the rope passes a stationary object, it must be __________ with edge protection to prevent damage to the rope.

Back 147

padded

Front 148

_______ should be worn by all ffs engaged in the operation.

Back 148

PPE

Front 149

At night, ___________ are recommended, and all members should carry at least _______ preferably _______ , backup source of light.

Back 149

headlamps, one, two

Front 150

Only _______________ harnesses or other approved rescue harnesses should be permitted for rescue operations.

Back 150

NFPA-compliant

Front 151

_________ and _________ should also be provided for the victim and can be taken to the victim by the first rescuer or the ______ team.

Back 151

A helmet and goggles, litter team.

Front 152

Whenever possible, ____________ should be used to lower the first rescuer over the side, and always when raising victims and rescuers.

Back 152

two ropes

Front 153

The second rope is the ________ ________.

In some cases, the rescuer to rappel on the main line with a safety line attached to his _________ _________ and ________ ________ for fall protection.

Back 153

safety line, seat harness, chest harness

Front 154

Which cable winches should not be used to raise victims?

Back 154

Non-Rescue rated

Front 155

Even rescue-rated winches should be used ______________.

Back 155

judiciously

Front 156

Caution is advised whenever the cable winch operator does not have a direct _________________ visual contact with the rescuers.

Back 156

line-of-sight

Front 157

In the event of communication delay, it is possible for the ____________________________ to pull rescuers through brush and rocks before the operator realizes it.

Back 157

powerful cable winch

Front 158

Injured victims should be securely packaged in a ________________ before any raising or lowering operations.

Back 158

rescue litter

Front 159

If the victim is a __________ __________ or a _____________, the fire department should operate with a unified command structure with law enforcement to handle the incident.

Back 159

potential jumper, hostage

Front 160

Law enforcement will be tasked with _________ __________ and _________ __________.

Back 160

crisis negotiations, scene security

Front 161

FD is tasked with ___________ ____________ and other involved personnel and to provide aid in the case of ________ or if __________________ as a result of the action being taken.

Back 161

assisting negotiators, injuries, a fire occurs

Front 162

En-route to potential jumper rescue, gather critical information from the dispatcher regarding the ________ of the incident and if the subject is __________.

Back 162

nature, armed.

Front 163

If available and appropriate for the situation, request a ___________________ to respond to provide fall protection.

Back 163

rescue fall cushion

Front 164

In a potential jumper rescue, ensure that ________ _____________ and _________ __________ have been notified.

Back 164

law enforcement, crisis negotiators

Front 165

Coordinate with _____________ ____________ _____________ or _____________ ____________ _____________ via radio for any other needs.

Back 165

responding rescue company,

technical rescue team

Front 166

In potential jumper rescue size-up, upon arrival asses and report the following;

Back 166

1. Exact location of the incident, and the best access and staging of FD units and ambulances to maintain a secure perimeter around the operational area.

2. The nature of the subjects predicament.

Front 167

In a potential jumper rescue, until arrival of the Rescue Company or Technical Rescue Team, ffs can coordinate with ________ ___________ to develop the basic strategy.

Back 167

law enforcement

Front 168

In a potential jumper rescue, other law enforcement officers on the scene may be compelled to take action if _____________________________. FFs should be aware of all these issues so they can stay out of the ______________________________.

Back 168

the subject becomes a threat, potential line of fire.

Front 169

In a potential jumper rescue, if FD arrives first and there are no crisis negotiators, it may be necessary for ________________ ffs to be designated to ________________________________.

The goal is to attempt to ___________ the situation and avoid making it worse.

Back 169

one or more, make and maintain contact with the subject.

stabilize

Front 170

In a potential jumper rescue, extremely agitated subjects may not be approachable, and in that case establishing __________________ and ___________ __________ and a _________ _________ is appropriate.

Back 170

perimeters, fall zones, medical group

Front 171

If the potential jumper is approachable and ffs have the opportunity to establish rapport, determine the subject's __________________, and possibly even talk the person into _________________________________.

Back 171

state of mind, coming down voluntarily.

Front 172

Tactical Rescue is generally assigned to the ____________ ___________ or _____________ ____________ ___________, with support of the other ffs.

Back 172

Rescue Company, Technical Rescue Team

Front 173

FFs should consider the potential need to attempt _____________________ if conditions warrant.

Back 173

tactical rescue

Front 174

Common industrial and construction incidents.

Back 174

Trench and Excavation Collapse

Front 175

Usually require technical rescue teams with specialized equipment and training.

Back 175

Trench and Excavation Collapse

Front 176

Crucial in stabilizing a Trench and Excavation Collapse incident.

Back 176

Initial response units

Front 177

En route to Trench and Excavation Collapse, consider special information from dispatchers;

Back 177

1. Location is at a construction site.

2. Number of victims.

3. Special Hazards. Any pre-planning that was done for the site in anticipation of potential collapse emergencies there.

Front 178

En route to Trench and Excavation Collapse, consider the need for additional resources:

1. __________ trailers

2. Units equipped with ___________ __________.

3. _____________ trucks.

4. Additional __________ __________, ___________, and ____________ ___________.

Back 178

1. Shoring trailers.

2. rescue vacuums

3. Hydrovac trucks.

4. rescue companies, lighting, utility companies.

Front 179

Request law enforcement response to assist in ____________ ___________ and other ____________________________ and ___________ ____________ measures required for working trench collapse incidents.

Back 179

traffic control, vibration-elimination, crowd control.

Front 180

On arrival at Trench and Excavation Collapse, park apparatus a safe distance from the collapse to reduce potential of _____________ causing a secondary collapse.

Back 180

vibration

Front 181

On arrival at Trench and Excavation Collapse, no vehicles should be within _______ ft of the trench, except possibly the ___________ or __________ _____________ if required for soil removal and as a high point for ____________ ___________.

Back 181

50ft

hydrovac

aerial ladder

vertical extraction

Front 182

On arrival at Trench and Excavation Collapse, isolate and deny entry to ____________ collapse areas and ___________ trenches.

Back 182

unshored

unshored

Front 183

Generally, rescuers should not enter the unshored trenches and excavations more than _______ft in depth, even for rescue.

Back 183

5ft

Front 184

Alternatives for working outside the collapse area;

1. Using ___________ tools.

2. Lowering in __________ _________ _________ and other supplies to trapped victims.

3. Reaching in with __________________________.

4. Using ___________ __________.

Back 184

1. reaching tools

2. breathing apparatus masks

3. shovels to remove soil

4. rescue vacuums

Front 185

If construction workers, police, or others are digging in unshored areas to attempt rescue, they should be instructed to ____________________ until ___________ ___________ can be placed.

Back 185

exit to a safe zone,

adequate shoring

Front 186

Failing to remove would-be-rescuers from unshored areas risks ______________ _____________ if there is a _____________ ______________.

Back 186

additional victims

secondary collapse

Front 187

One alternative to help remove would-be-rescuers from unshored areas is to convince them to help you begin the process of _____________ the scene using plywood and/or timber as _________ __________ around the trench or excavation, and moving spoil piles at least _____ ft away from the edges.

Back 187

stabilizing

edge protection

2ft

Front 188

Eliminate _________ ________, __________ ___________, and other causes of vibrations.

Shut them all down, except for critical items like __________ _________.

Do not forget to shut down nearby ________ ________.

Back 188

vehicle traffic, heavy equipment

hydrovac trucks

rail lines

Front 189

Locate the site supervisor to determine potential ___________________, their last ________ _________, and site-specific hazards like utilities, pipelines, water mains.

Back 189

number of victims

known locations

Front 190

keep the site supervisor with the incident commander; do not allow the site supervisor to ____________

Back 190

venture off

Front 191

place edge protection in the form of ________, _______, or even ______around all edges of trench?excavation.

This helps ______weight of rescues and eliminate ___________collapse

Back 191

wooden planks, plywood sheeting, backboards

distribute, secondary

Front 192

Options for helping stabilize the area directly around the victim from secondary collapse and include placement of ________and _______ to prevent _______.

Back 192

ladders

plywood

wall failure

Front 193

trench rescue operations eventually require the trench walls to be ____________in the shoring process, and these skills and equipment are generally ______the realm of the firefighter __ & __.

Back 193

pressurized

outside

firefighter I & II

Front 194

If the dirt pile is right on the edge of the trench, begin hand digging the pile back at least ___ from the edge

Back 194

2 feet

Front 195

consider requesting an _____for personnel for this labor intensive work

Back 195

additional alarm

Front 196

if possible, lower the ______and _______ to the victim with instructions to don both

Back 196

helmet and SCBA mask

Front 197

if possible, lower a _____to the victim with instructions to ________around the victim's body

Back 197

a rope,

tie it

Front 198

do not allow the use of _________or other __________equipment to unbury victim

Back 198

backhoes

heavy digging

Front 199

ensure that water mains, electrical and other utilities and pipelines are ____________in the collapse area

Back 199

shut down

Front 200

develop an ______________, including buckets and rope, shovels, rope rescue equipment, and so forth

Back 200

equipment pool

Front 201

assign at least ________to help the rescue company or technical rescue team unloading equipment on their arrival and transport tools to equipment pool

Back 201

two companies

Front 202

develop a _______________to store plywood, planks, and other shoring material

Back 202

materials pool

Front 203

consider potential ___________rescue options, in case rope systems are needed to pick the victim straight from the trench oven the victim is freed.

Back 203

high angle

Front 204

approach trenches from _________ to avoid secondary collapse and insert a ladder in _______

Back 204

the ends

each end

Front 205

a ladder should be placed every ____ft in the trench for emergency escape by rescuers once they are working in the collapse zone with shoring in place

Back 205

20 feet

Front 206

be prepared for unanticipated release of water or other substances in the collapse zone, caused by __________, ground movement

Back 206

rupturing pipes

Front 207

when hazmat or rescue companies arrive, monitor the ________________in the collapse zone

Back 207

atmosphere

Front 208

be mindful that apparatuses still running may create________ that could find its way into the trench or excavation

Back 208

carbon monoxide (CO)

Front 209

_________________into the trench and other collapse zones is advised under all circumstances to maintain a fresh atmosphere clear of contaminants

Back 209

Precautionary ventilation

Front 210

__________your findings to the incoming rescue company or technical rescue team

Back 210

Radio

Front 211

Identify the IC, operation section chief, and all other officers and team leaders for these incidents. For long term entrapment with potential for crush syndrome, compartment syndrome and other complications, consider requesting a _____________, or __ _______advise paramedics on treatment and a ___________to expedite patient transportation to trauma ctr after the victim is rescued

Back 211

medical director

physician

helicopter

Front 212

this is one of the most difficult and dangerous duties firefighters can respond to.

Back 212

confined-space rescue

Front 213

there is a relatively high incidence of mortality among would be rescuers ____%

Back 213

50%

Front 214

strict state and federal guidelines regulate ____can attempt rescue in confined spaces and ________is required

Back 214

who

what equipment

Front 215

classifications of confined spaces

Back 215

1. non-permit

2. permit

Front 216

*Is large enough for an employee to bodily enter to perform work

*has limited or restricted means of entry and egress

*is not designed for continuous human occupancy

Back 216

Non -permit

Front 217

contains or has a known potential to contain, a hazardous atmosphere

contains material with the potential for equipment

has an internal configuration that may cause an occupant to become trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls, a floor that slopes and tapers to a smaller cross section, or other similar hazards

contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Back 217

permit

Front 218

example of confined spaces

Back 218

tunnels

storage tanks

sewers

boilers

silos

trenches

manholes

pits

excavations

pump wet wells

degreasers

tank trucks

underground vaults

Front 219

1985 OSHA study showed _____confined space fatalities were in untested oxygen deficient atmospheres

Back 219

173

Front 220

consumptions by fermentation, bacterial or chemical reactions

absorption of hazardous substances into the lining of the shaft

displacement by other gases formed withing the space or introduced from the outside

purging operations

oxidation from rusting steel casings or curing concrete shaft casings

a result of respirations from a trapped victim

Back 220

oxygen deficient atmospheres

Front 221

combustible atmospheres may ignite or explode if a _________________is present or introduced

Back 221

source of ignition

Front 222

combustible agents may include __________gases, vapors from liquids such as fuels or solvents or dusts of combustible materials.

Back 222

naturally occurring

Front 223

combustible atmospheres are considered hazardous when they reach ___% of their _________________(LELs)

Back 223

10%

lower explosive limits

Front 224

combustible atmospheres may flow into deep shafts naturally or be introduced by ___________into the space accidentally.

Back 224

workers

Front 225

an oxygen-enriched atmosphere (_____%) ___________the potential for ignition

Back 225

23.5% +

increases

Front 226

different gases, heavier or lighter than air, seek _________or ________levels (__________) in a deep confined space

Back 226

lower or higher

stratification

Front 227

____________of chemicals from the walls of the confined space may cause a combustible atmosphere

Back 227

desorption

Front 228

__________may become combustible in certain concentrations,

Back 228

dusts

Front 229

dusts are considered combustible when particulates reduce visibility to less than ____ft.

Back 229

5 feet

Front 230

confined spaces containing asphyxiates and irritants can cause____, ___, _____.

Back 230

disease, illness, injury or death

Front 231

what are two types of gases in confined spaces containing asphyxiates and irritates

Back 231

carbon monoxide (CO)

Hydrogen sulfide

Front 232

An incomplete product of combustion

colorless and odorless

can reach lethal levels in confined spaces

Back 232

carbon monoxide

Front 233

produced from natural decomposition of sulfur bearing organic matter.

raw sewage can create hydrogen sulfide.

exposure to low concentrations can cause breathing complications

higher concentrations can cause unconsciousness and death

it has a rotten egg smell that can prevent the rescuer or victim from being able to smell

Back 233

hydrogen sulfide

Front 234

Mechanical hazards:

if power goes out, machines must be _____and __________and security posted

Back 234

isolated and locked out/tagged out

Front 235

Mechanical hazards:

____________entry and egress can contribute to confined space dangers

Back 235

restrictive

Front 236

with little or no light, ______ _________is a major concern.

Back 236

getting lost

Front 237

OSHA requires ____separate and intrinsically safe light sources be carried by each member of an entry team

Back 237

3

Front 238

establishing _____ ______ for interior and exterior of the incident is recomended

Back 238

floor lighting

Front 239

confined spaces should be considered an _____atmosphere until proven differently

Back 239

IDLH

Front 240

is should be assumed that IDLH hazard exist _________the duration of the entry

Back 240

throughout

Front 241

Hazards of performing the rescue include ___, _____,____ operations

Back 241

cutting, shoring and lifting

Front 242

OSHA requires all employees involved in confined space rescue must be protected from all existing and potential hazard through _____,_______,and ____

Back 242

training, equipment and procedures

Front 243

only _________personnel can attempt rescues in confined spaces

Back 243

certified

Front 244

Confined spaces En route interview

Back 244

witnesses

the responding party

site supervisor

Front 245

confined spaces En route Determine

Back 245

what happened

number of probable victims

probability of victim survival

potential hazards to rescuers

Front 246

confined spaces En route Request

Back 246

entry permit

MSDS sheets

victim information

1. number of entrants

2. their location

3. age

4. sex

5. general health

6. special health conditions

7. what they are doing in the space

8. what protective clothing and equipment was being used

Front 247

factors to consider for rescue or recovery

this considers a serious _________versus________ equation when developing an action plan

Back 247

IDLH environment

Length of exposure

risk versus benefit

Front 248

On arrival at confined spaces, goals to assist the rescue teams,

establish an ___________. Should be _____ft around the space opening .

Establish an ___________. A ____ft perimeter around the exclusion zone. _______and _____entry team operations and support operations are conducted here

Back 248

exclusion zone

50 feet

operational zone

100 feet

primary and backup

Front 249

Initial efforts

prevent _____victims

establish an _____

consider ways for rescuers to initiate ___rescue operations without entering the confined space

Back 249

additional

ICS

indirect

Front 250

lowering harnesses, wristlet, ropes and ladders to victims to aid in self rescue

Back 250

indirect support

Front 251

provide respiratory support to victims, if possible by :

also provide air sampling and monitoring

Back 251

SCBA

lowering air hoses

using fresh air blowers

provide fresh air ventilation

Front 252

conduct _______/_____procedures on machinery or industrial processes that may contaminate the work arez

Back 252

lockout/tagout

Front 253

all electrical, mechanical and other forms of energy must be _____and ______prior to entry

Back 253

shut down and de-energized

Front 254

all valves, switches, gates or other control devices must be locked out with a keyed padlock and tag that reads ____________________, _______

Back 254

DO NOT REMOVE, DO NOT TOUCH

Front 255

Post a guard to make sure no one __________these safety measures

Back 255

circumvents

Front 256

_________and __________must be blanked or blinded by disconnecting or using a provided steel plate blank out system. the system should then be ____to assure deactivation

Back 256

hydraulic lines and pipelines

bled

Front 257

if the device cannot be secures and locked out it is necessary to _________and station an entry team member at the device or switch to prevent activation

Back 257

tag the switch

Front 258

locate a responsible party who is ___________ _________ with the systems to assist with this process and give any necessary technical advice about the facility and equipment

Back 258

intimately familiar

Front 259

safety considerations

no one enters confined space unless they are ____and ______to do so

Back 259

trained and certified

Front 260

make sure _________ ___________ is conducted initially and on a regular schedule around the hazard area.

secure the scene

Back 260

atmospheric monitoring

Front 261

maintain a ___________group within the ICS

support the ______team

Back 261

medical

rescue

Front 262

have all rescue and support team members properly _________ when working near the opening to the confined space, especially if its a __________confined space

Back 262

harnessed

vertical

Front 263

prevent possible collapse by placing _________or other _________material around the opening

Back 263

plywood or decking

Front 264

for many urban and suburban fire dpts a response to an office bldg or apart. bldg to rescue someone trapped in an __________ is a common occurrence

Back 264

an elevator

Front 265

some of the common emergencies responded to are:

passengers in an elevator who are ___________.

repair technicians, bldg mainteance personnel and kids performing elevator hopping who are ________ by the elevator

Back 265

trapped between floors

injured

Front 266

other responses that are not as common but involve elevators are:

Back 266

high-rise fire

earthquakes

hurricanes

terrorist attacks

Front 267

a vertical shaft where the elevator car travels.

there are ______________at each floor level

Back 267

Hoist way

Hoist way doors

Front 268

device that travels up and down the hoist way and each car has its own set of doors

Back 268

elevator car

Front 269

it uses and electric motor and a cable or rope to raise and lower the elevator car

controls are found in an elevator equipment room at the top of hoist way.

can be found in bldgs of any height.

Back 269

traction elevators

Front 270

it uses a hydraulic piston to raise and lower the car.

power units for the elevator are typically found at or near the lowest level

typically found in bldgs up to five floors in height.

Back 270

hydraulic elevators

Front 271

make sure an elevator_______________has been dispatched.

Back 271

service mechanic

Front 272

Initial actions in Elevator rescues contact the occupants using the _______________. use ______________. if they have cell phones with service, contact them using the_____.

Back 272

elevator phone or intercom

direct voice contact

cell phone

Front 273

determine the immediate life safety issue

1. what is the ____________________

2. is there an immediate ______________

3. is the _______ on in the elevator?

4. is there adequate ______,_________,_____?

Back 273

1. condition of the occupants?

2. medical issue?

3. lighting

4. ventilation, heating or air conditioning?.

Front 274

determine the exact location of the elevator by asking the occupants what the __________ in the elevator show

Back 274

floor indicator light

Front 275

if no contact is made: send firefighter to _________or ________look up or down and see where the car is located.

Back 275

pit area or elevator room

Front 276

contact with occupants: if no life safety issue exists, the best action is

wait for arrival of __________

maintain ___________with occupants

________the situation in the elevator

Back 276

elevator mechanic

communications

monitor

Front 277

perform a lockout/tagout of the elevator

a good idea is to use bldg _____________ to assist in this. This prevents an ______________of the system.

Back 277

maintenance personnel

unattended starting

Front 278

Usually stored in equipment room, sometimes on apparatus

Back 278

Hoist way keys

Front 279

Accessing the elevator= force doors using

Back 279

halligan tool

rabbit tool

wedges

small air rescue bags

Front 280

make sure safety interlocks are ___________. if not sure of condition, perform a ___/_________

Back 280

operational

lockout/tagout

Front 281

____________are metal bars that prevent the hoist way doors from opening if car is outside the "landing zone" which is ____inches above or below the floor level of the lobby

Back 281

Door restrictors

18 inches

Front 282

Removing occupants will be based on

Back 282

condition of occupants

relationship of elevator to landings

access

Front 283

car above the landing

block the ____in the hoist way to prevent falls

place a ladder from the ____to the ____.

send firefighter into the car to aid in ___________the occupants

Back 283

gap

landing , car

removing

Front 284

place a ladder into the car. send firefighter into the car to assist occupants up the ladder

Back 284

car below the landing

Front 285

Send firefighter down a ladder from the above landing to the roof of the elevator

open the emergency roof panel

send a ff down into the car via an attic ladder

send occupants up the ladder to the landing.

Back 285

accessing through the emergency roof hatch

Front 286

bring another elevator car alongside the stuck elevator and transfer occupants to that car. planks or ladders can be used a walkways between the elevators

Back 286

accessing from an adjacent elevator

Front 287

attempts to lower the car should only be performed by a trained and certified technician

it is best to shut off the power to the elevator.

perform lockout/tagout

remove occupants using previously discussed methods

Back 287

hydraulic elevators

Front 288

perform lockout/tagout

devise a plan for committing resources to a rescue attempt

get assistance from an elevator mechanic

consider the following:

use of air bags

cribbing

field surgical intervention

Back 288

`=Victim trapped between car and landing

Front 289

Less common than elevator emergencies

Back 289

escalator rescues

Front 290

Escalators situations: fingers caught where handrail glides into the underside. Use a ______ or ________saw to cut the plate end expose the innards.

cutting through the ____________may allow access to free the fingers

Back 290

whizzer or reciprocating

handrail

Front 291

Fingers caught beneath the handrails

Can usually be freed by cutting the ___________.

Feet caught where stairs dive beneath the landing plate. Lift the _____and determine action based on gears and motors.

Back 291

handrail belt.

plat

Front 292

make sure that medical care is available for ____and ______ _______treatment

Back 292

trauma and crush syndrome

Front 293

have ____________ ______ available to an appropriate medical facility

Back 293

rapid transportation

Front 294

More than ____firefighters have been killed by electricity over the past ___years

Back 294

25

20 years

Front 295

Use ___________ ___________to see potential hazards at an emergency scene

Back 295

situational awareness

Front 296

always consider all electrical lines and conductors as ___________ until told they are ___

Back 296

ENERGIZED

COLD

Front 297

when approaching the scene drivers need to ______any possible electrical hazards.

Back 297

size up

Front 298

responding units should not travel or position beneath any wires that are ____________

Back 298

compromised.

Front 299

avoid parking near or in ___________ that may become energized

Back 299

puddles of water

Front 300

Exiting the apparatus:

ff need to examine the area around the apparatus prior to exiting the apparatus for any _________.

Back 300

downed wires.

Front 301

Apparatus is grounded by the rubber tires, but any part of aerial ladder of pumper that touches high voltage lines energizes the _____________

Back 301

entire apparatus.

Front 302

carefully ____as far away as possible

land with ___________without losing balance

do not touch the ground with ________

do not _____forward or backward

once on the ground, _________while walking away to maintain contact with the ground and to prevent ________.

Back 302

jump

both feet together

your hand

fall

shuffle feet

arcing

Front 303

_______or __________touches or gets to close to live wires

Back 303

aerial ladder or tower bucket

Front 304

Any operating, erecting, and handling of tools or apparatus over energized high voltage lines should be _______

Back 304

prohibited

Front 305

aerial ladders are required to maintain a distance of ____ft from wires and components of __________volts or more.

Back 305

10 feet

600 volts

Front 306

Alternate methods of reaching upper floors

Back 306

using wooden ground ladders

fire escapes

interior stairs

adjacent roofs

in extreme cases the use of a helicopter is possible

Front 307

care must be taken when moving, raising, and lowering ladders. even wood ladders can conduct electricity due to metal parts

Back 307

ground ladders

Front 308

power lines

make the IC aware of any electrical hazards

request a utility representative to the incident scene

Back 308

sizing up the scene

Front 309

common natural hazards

Back 309

windstorms

hurricanes

floods

Front 310

Assume power lines will be _____as a result of these occurrences.

Many times these hazards can ____electrical hazards and make the scene a ____event

due to the risks involved victim search and rescue efforts may have to be ______until_____hours

Back 310

down

hide, high-risk

suspended

daylight

Front 311

Other electrical hazards:

_______electrical hazards are found at fires in structures.

____in walls

__________

Back 311

internal

wiring

drop loops

Front 312

Determining if electricity is present

Back 312

flip switches at electric panel

have utility company shut down power and confirm

use hot sticks and voltage meters to detect electrical current

Front 313

if victims are present and either trapped or in contact with electrical lines, the IC should have a _____________ __ respond in an expedited manner. IC should upgrade the incident type to a ___________to ensure the appropriate response.

Back 313

utility reprensentative

technical rescue

Front 314

firefighters should wear __________and ____protection

________gloves should be used if available

Back 314

full PPE and eye

lineman's gloves

Front 315

One of the more common tasks involving electricity.

Back 315

De-energizing a building

Front 316

the standard procedure of cutting power to the bldg may not always be the most______ . Why:

Plunges the entire bldg in to ________

_________of occupants

hinders ______________working in the bldg

Back 316

appropriate

darkness

hinders evacuation

firefighters

Front 317

Methods of De-energizing a bldg __________

it will ______the bldg and reduce the hazard to firefighters

Back 317

open main switch or breaker at main electrical panel.

de-energize

Front 318

considerations when de-energizing bldg.

inspect the condition of the panel for ___ or ___damage.

avoid standing in ____

stand to the ____of the panel

do not reach ____your body to disconnect switches

turn ____when disconnecting switches to protect your upper extremeties

use _________or ________to protect your face

never pull the ____________

Back 318

fire or water

water

side

across

away

SCBA mask or face shield

electrical meter

Front 319

Turning off breakers

mark or remember any ____breakers

turn off _____switch first

if panel is not accessible, contact the local

Back 319

tripped

main

power company

Front 320

downed wires

inspect ____in the immediate area

identify all wires and their _________points.

follow wire to determine if they contacting:

Back 320

other wires

termination

fences

structures

trees

brush

Front 321

Establish a safety perimeter

at least _____ ___ of the pole in all directions

set up _______________control

use ______________or fire line tape

assign ______to limit access

Back 321

one span

incident access

traffic barriers

law enforcement

Front 322

request ________company to respond

Avoid moving or cutting ________________wires that have not been de-energized

Back 322

utility

high voltage

Front 323

Electrical rescues

request an urgent response of ____company to the scene.

have an _____unit standing by

Have a ________standing by

moving the wire" Use ________with proper ____and ________

Dont _____/

Back 323

utility

ALS

RIT/RIC

hot stick, gloves, PPE

TOUCH

Front 324

Fire at the base of an electrical pole. If the cause was not underground, electrical sources or a downed wire it can be considered a Class ___ and extinguished using water

Back 324

CLASS A

Front 325

if fire is near the top or involves electrical wires and or equipment, it is considered a Class ___fire.

notify the utility company via the ___

protect ____

Establish a perimeter _____ the span of the pole

Back 325

CLASS C

the IC

exposures

one times

Front 326

Vehicle with life hazard situation

Back 326

Fire

flooding

Front 327

For a conscious victim

direct the victim to __________

have the victim stand on the _______of vehicle

have victim jump to the ground with both feet together

instruct them to remain balanced and not to touch the ground with their hands

have the victim shuffle away from the vehicle to a safe area at least ____ from the vehicle or downed wire

Back 327

open the vehicle door

rocker panel

30 feet

Front 328

Unconscious victim - no life hazard

wait for ____company to arrive

_______the wires or equipment

make patient _____

Back 328

utility

de-energize

contact

Front 329

life hazard

IC must consider ____________

consider ____before committing to a rescue attempt

alternate means of accessing the vehicle

use a ____to knock down the fire

use _____to push the vehicle ways from the downed wire

Back 329

risk versus gain

all hazards

deck gun

another vehicle

Front 330

Extinguishing the vehicle fire with unconscious victim- do not use ____ or _______

consider fire a Class _ Fire'

have the utility company _____the wires before extinguishment

protect ____________

isolate area and deny entry within ____ of affected area

Back 330

water or foam

Class C

de-energize

exposures

30 feet

Front 331

Safety considerations for electrical vaults and manholes:

Keep apparatus ______of any manholes.

set up a perimeter of at least ____ft in all directions.

do not remove the cover if _____or ____are showing.

do not enter the _____or ____until utility company confirms it is safe

rescue attempts area ____ entry and should be done with proper protocols in place

establish a _____/____and ____unit

Back 331

clear

150 feet

flames or smoke

manhole or vault

confined space

RIT/RIC and ALS

Front 332

Fires in transformers are considered Class ___ fires once the equipment is de-energized

Back 332

Class B

Front 333

be aware of older transformers, they may contain____________.

This is hazardous material and a known _______

Back 333

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

carcinogen

Front 334

Newer transformers contain _______

Back 334

mineral oil

Front 335

_____can affect electrical power towers and poles. maintain a safe distance equal to ____times the height of the tower or pole

Back 335

wild fires

1 1/2 times

Front 336

fires at base of pole or tower can be considered Class ____.

Extinguish smoldering pole fire only _____the electrical lines to maintain pole or tower integrity.

Avoid establishing a safe zones or escape routes ______or ____or ____

Back 336

A.

below

below wires, or towers, or poles

Front 337

persons trapped on high voltage towers or trees near electrical lines may be considered a ____ _____rescue with special circumstances.

IC needs to have the ______ ________dispatched.

Provide a _____ ____and crisis negotiation team

Back 337

high angle

appropiate response

fall bag

Front 338

Entrapment on towers and billboards

1. consider ___ _____

2. contact ______company

3. Develop and action plan for rescue once the wires have been __________.

Back 338

fall bags

utility

de-energized