Teac 438 Quiz 2

Front 1

morphology

Back 1

the analysis of the structure of words

Front 2

Morpheme

Back 2

a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function

Front 3

free morpheme

Back 3

a morpheme that can stand by itself as a single word

Front 4

bound morpheme

Back 4

a morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to another form (e.g. un-,-ed; undressed)

Front 5

affix

Back 5

a bound morpheme added to a word (e.g. un-, -ful; uneventful)

Front 6

stem

Back 6

the base form to which affixes are attached

Front 7

lexical morpheme

Back 7

a free morpheme that is a content word such as a noun or verb

Front 8

functional morpheme

Back 8

a free morpheme that is used as a function word such as a conjunction or a preposition (e.g. and, in)

Front 9

Derivational morpheme

Back 9

a bound morpheme used to make new words or words of a different grammatical category (e.g. –ish; N [boy] + -ish = Adj [boyish])

Front 10

Inflectional morpheme

Back 10

a bound morpheme used to indicated grammatical function of a word, also can an “inflection” (e.g. –s, dogs; -ed, walked)

Front 11

Morph

Back 11

an actual form used as part of a word, representing one version of a morpheme

Front 12

Allomorph

Back 12

one of a closely related set of morphs

Front 13

Reduplication

Back 13

in a language, the process of repeating all or part of a form (e.g. In Ilocano, the plural form of a noun is produced by repeating the singular form of the word; dálan becomes daldálan)

Front 14

Grammar

Back 14

the analysis of the structure of phrases and sentences

Front 15

Noun

Back 15

N; a word used to describe a person, thing, or idea (e.g. boy, bicycle, freedom)

Front 16

Pronoun

Back 16

Pro; a word used in place of a noun phrase (e.g. it, them)

Front 17

Proper noun

Back 17

PN; a noun with an initial capital letter, used as the name of someone or something (e.g. Cathy, London)

Front 18

Article

Back 18

Art; a word used with a noun (e.g. a, an, the)

Front 19

Adjective

Back 19

a word used with a noun to provide more information (e.g. happy, strange)

Front 20

Verb

Back 20

V; a words used to describe an action, event, or state (e.g. go, drown, know)

Front 21

Adverb

Back 21

a word used with a verb or adjective to provide more information (e.g. slowly, really)

Front 22

Preposition

Back 22

Prep; a word used with a noun phrase (e.g. in, with)

Front 23

Noun phrase

Back 23

NP; a phrase containing a noun plus other constituents (e.g. the boy, an old bicycle)

Front 24

Prepositional phrase

Back 24

PP; a phrase consisting of a preposition plus a noun phrase (e.g. with a dog)

Front 25

Verb phrase

Back 25

VP; a phrase containing a verb and other constituents (e.g. saw a dog)

Front 26

Conjunction

Back 26

a word used to make connections between words, phrases, and sentences (e.g. and, because)

Front 27

Agreement

Back 27

a grammatical connection between two parts of a sentence, as in the connection between subject and the form of a verb (e.g. Cathy loves chocolate.)

Front 28

Number (category)

Back 28

the grammatical category of nouns as singular or plural

Front 29

Person (category)

Back 29

the grammatical category distinguishing first person (involving the speaker; me), second person (involving the hearer; you), and third person (involving any others; she, them)

Front 30

Tense

Back 30

the grammatical category distinguishing forms of the verb as present tense and past tense

Front 31

Active voice

Back 31

the form of a verb used to say what the subject does (e.g. He stole it.)

Front 32

Passive voice

Back 32

the form of the verb used to say what happens to the subject (e.g. The car was stolen.)

Front 33

Gender

Back 33

a term used in 3 ways: 1) a biological distinction between male and female; 2) a distinction between classes of nouns as masculine, feminine (, or neuter); 3) a distinction between the social roles of men and women

Front 34

Natural gender

Back 34

a biological distinction between male and female

Front 35

Grammatical gender

Back 35

a distinction between classes of nouns as masculine, feminine (, or neuter)

Front 36

Prescriptive approach

Back 36

an approach to grammar that has rules for the proper use of the language, traditionally based on Latin grammar

Front 37

Descriptive approach

Back 37

an approach to grammar that is based on a description of the structures actually used in a language, as opposed to what “should” be used

Front 38

Structural analysis

Back 38

the investigation of the distribution of grammatical forms in a language

Front 39

Constituent analysis

Back 39

a grammatical analysis fo how small constituents (or components) go together to form larger constituents in sentences

Front 40

Hierarchical organization

Back 40

the analysis of constituents in a sentence showing which constituents are higher than and contain other constituents

Front 41

Generative grammar

Back 41

a set of rules defining the possible sentences in a language

Front 42

Surface structure

Back 42

the different syntactic forms of individual sentences; a superficial difference

Front 43

Deep structure

Back 43

the underlying structure of sentences as represented by phrase structure rules

Front 44

Structural ambiguity

Back 44

a situation in which a single phrase or sentence has two (or more) different underlying structures and interpretations

Front 45

Recursion

Back 45

the repeated application of a rule in generating structures

Front 46

Tree diagram

Back 46

a diagram with branches showing the hierarchical organization of structures

Front 47

Phrase structure rules

Back 47

rules stating that the structure of a phrase of a specific type consists of one or more constituents in a particular order

Front 48

Lexical rules

Back 48

rules stating which words can be used for constituents generated by phrase structure rules

Front 49

Movement rules

Back 49

rules that are used to move constituents in structures derived from phrase structure rules. They have a special rewrite arrow: ⇒

Front 50

Auxiliary verb

Back 50

Aux; a verb used with another verb (e.g. will)

Front 51

Complementizer

Back 51

a word introducing a compliment phrase (e.g. that)

Front 52

Complement phrase

Back 52

a structure used to complete a construction beginning with another structure (e.g. Cathy knew [that Mary helped George].)

Front 53

Neologism

Back 53

a new word

Front 54

Etymology

Back 54

the study of the origin and history of words

Front 55

Coinage

Back 55

the invention of new words (e.g. Xerox)

Front 56

Eponyms

Back 56

a word derived from the name of a person or place (e.g. sandwich)

Front 57

Borrowing

Back 57

the process of taking words from other languages (e.g. karaoke)

Front 58

Loan-translation

Back 58

a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language, also called calque (e.g. grate-ciel “scrape- sky” for skyscraper)

Front 59

Calque

Back 59

a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language, also called loan-translation (e.g. grate-ciel “scrape- sky” for skyscraper)

Front 60

Compounding

Back 60

the process of combining two (or more) words to form a new word (e.g. waterbed)

Front 61

Blending

Back 61

the process of combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (e.g. brunch from breakfast and lunch)

Front 62

Clipping

Back 62

the process of reducing a word of more than one syllable to a shorter form (e.g. ad from advertisement)

Front 63

Hypocorisms

Back 63

a word-formation process in which a longer word is reduced to a shorter form with –y or –ie at the end (e.g. telly, movie)

Front 64

Backformation

Back 64

the process of reducing a word such as a noun to a shorter version and using it as a new word such as a verb (e.g. babysit from babysitter)

Front 65

Conversion

Back 65

the process of changing the function of a word, such as a noun to a verb, as a way of forming new words, also known as “category change” or “functional shift” (e.g. vacation in They’re vacationing in Florida.)

Front 66

Prefix

Back 66

a bound morpheme added to the beginning of a word (e.g. un-, unhappy)

Front 67

Suffix

Back 67

a bound morpheme added to the end of a word (e.g. –ness, illness)

Front 68

Infix

Back 68

a morpheme that is inserted in the middle of a word (e.g. -rn-, srnal)

Front 69

Analogy

Back 69

a process of forming a new word to be similar in some way to an existing word (e.g. hippie, yippie, yuppie, yappie)