Tdm 372 Test 1 Chpt 1-4

Front 1

The motivational factors for travel are the ____________ and ____________ factors

Back 1

Push & Pull (Page 7)

Front 2

Chadwick’s categorization of the reasons for tourist-related journeys were:

a.) Pleasure, Professional and Other Purposes
b.) Professional, Pleasure and Prestige
c.) Escape, Business and Relaxation
d.) Pleasure, Social Interaction and Play

Back 2

ANSWER: A (Page 10)

Front 3

The abbreviation for VFR stands for what?

Back 3

Visiting Friends & Family (Page 10)

Front 4

TRUE or FALSE
Tourism is defined as the activities of a person traveling outside their usual environment
for less than a specified period of time whose main purpose of travel is other than for
exercise of an activity remunerated from the place visited.

Back 4

TRUE (Page 5)

Front 5

Which of the following is NOT one of Prosser’s origin-destination categories?

a.) Internal Tourism
b.) National Tourism
c.) External Tourism
d.) International Tourism

Back 5

ANSWER: C (Page 7)

Front 6

Name two of the five categories found in Middleton’s transport sector of the tourism industry:

Back 6

irlines, Shipping Lines/Ferries, Railways, Bus/Coach
Operators, and Car Rental Operators. (Page 13)

Front 7

TRUE or FALSE
Leiper’s model to view tourism as a form of system has four interactive components.

Back 7

FALSE

Front 8

RUE or FALSE
“The introduction of annual holidays towards the end of the nineteenth century” was one
of Mason’s major reasons for tourism growth.

Back 8

TRUE (Page 16)

Front 9

In the 1970s, it was no longer sufficient enough to just a get a suntan. It became __________
you got it.

Back 9

Where (Page 17)

Front 10

______________ are the starting point of the decision-making process that leads to particular
types of behavior according to Crompton and McKay.

Back 10

Motives (page 8)

Front 11

Motivations for travel can be categorized as either "push" or "pull" factors.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Modern tourism developed largely as a result of urbanization in Western Europe.

Back 12

True

Front 13

Prior to the popularization of leisurely travel, why did most people stay at home?

a. There was no where good to go.
b. They lacked the ability or desire to travel.
c. They liked staying in their birthplace.
d. They liked the social scene of their hometown.

Back 13

(page 14) ANSWER: B

Front 14

There is no one set definition for ____________ or a ____________.

Back 14

Tourism, tourist

Front 15

Which is NOT a form of tourism?

a. Domestic Tourism
b. Internal Tourism
c. National Tourism
d. Regional Tourism

Back 15

(page 7) ANSWER: D

Front 16

Which is NOT a social change that impacted the tourism industry in the nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries?

a. Industrial Revolution
b. Transportation Advancements
c. Mail Delivery
d. New Environmental Perceptions

Back 16

(page 16) ANSWER: C

Front 17

___________ of dollars are spent each year on advertising and promoting holidays and
tourism products.

a. Millions
b. Billions
c. Trillions
d. None of the Above

Back 17

(page 4) ANSWER: A

Front 18

Which is NOT a category of tourism-related visits, as identified by the British Tourism
Authority?

a. VFR
b. Business
c. Holiday (independent and inclusive)
d. Religious

Back 18

(page 10) ANSWER: D

Front 19

The ___________ of tourism activity is a major component of tourism.

Back 19

Location

Front 20

Who traveled from the Middle Ages until the eighteenth century?

a. The Wealthy Elite
b. Everyone
c. Royalty Only
d. Peasants

Back 20

(page 16) ANSWER: A

Front 21

Which statement does not correspond with Christaller’s ideas of outrism development?

a) Destinations develop and change over time
b) Tourism has a large impact on the economy
c) The tourist experience changes over time
d) The involvement of locals in tourism destinations changes over time

Back 21

ANSWER: B

Front 22

Match the definition of the two “types” of tourists according to Plog. (page 27)

a) Psycho-centric
b) Allo-centric
i) Tourist that seeks out the familiar
ii) Tourist that seeks out the unfamiliar

Back 22

a- i , b-ii

Front 23

According to Cohen, explain the difference between Organized mass tourists and Individual
mass tourists. (page 27)

Back 23

Organized mass tourists travel together in groups, whereas
Individual mass tourists make more individual based decisions on tourist activity.

Front 24

True or False. Doxey’s Irridex (Irritation Index) considered the relationship between tourists
and travel agents? (page 28)

Back 24

False. Tourists and Locals

Front 25

Tourists that are prepared to risk a far more uncertain holiday destination are known as
allocentric. True or False?

Back 25

True

Front 26

In Plog’s theory ______travelers do not like unfamiliar environments or cultures so when
they select a holiday they will seek familiar places.

a. Allocentric
b. Physchocentric
c. Destination
d. Social

Back 26

Answer: B Page 27

Front 27

These tourists travel together in groups. According to Cohen, they take a package holiday
(travel, accommodation and food are also arranged in advance of the trip, usually by a travel
agent and/or tour operator).
4. This group uses the same facilities as the organized mass tourists, but makes more
individually based decisions about their tourist activity.
5. Such tourists arrange their own visit/trip. They go ’off the beaten track’. They wish to
meet locals. However, they still tend to use the facilities of the mass tourists
6. The drifter shuns contact with other tourists and ‘goes native’ by staying with locals.
He/she stays longer than most tourists and does not regard himself/herself as a tourist.

A. Drifters
B. Organized mass tourists
C. Explorers
D. Individual mass tourists

Back 27

1. Mass Tourists
2. Individual mass tourists
3. Explorers
4. Drifters

Front 28

If the demand for visits exceeds the capacity of the destination, then the visitor
experience will be diminished and visitors will subsequently decline.

a. Triggers
b. Long term view point
c. Universal applicability
d. Limits to growth

Back 28

Answer: D

Front 29

Resorts need to look ahead for 50 years, not 5 years this is considered_______

a. Process
b. Triggers
c. Long-Term viewpoint
d. Management

Back 29

Answer: C

Front 30

He suggested a model in which a tourism destination develops over time. He claimed
that there were a number of processes that contribute to this. He also argued that resorts
develop in particular stages.


a. Plog
b. Butler
c. Agarwhal’s
d. Torbay

Back 30

Answer: B Page 33

Front 31

The resort cycle of evolution include exploration, involvement, development,
consolidation, stagnations and post-stagnation. True or False?

Back 31

True

Front 32

Which of these are Not -- Negative Environmental impacts of tourism?

a) Pollution
b) Litter
c) Damage to Landscape
d) Increase Price in Land

Back 32

Answer: D pg 37

Front 33

True or False: Negative socio-cultural impacts may include the loss of cultural identity, particularly
when tourists are from the developed world and the hosts are located in a developing country.

Back 33

TRUE

Front 34

True or False: Tourism impacts are never likely to change over time as a destination area develops.

Back 34

False

Front 35

In 1993, McKercher used the term “fundamental truths” to explain why the various effects tourism is
felt, regardless of the type of tourism activity. Which of these answers are “Fundamental Truths of Tourism”?

a) Tourism consumers resources and creates waste
b) Tourism has the ability to over-consume resources
c) Tourism competes with other resource users and needs to do this to survive
d) All of the above

Back 35

D

Front 36

Matching

5) Negative Economic Impact
6) Negative Environmental Impact
7) Negative Socio-Cultural Impact

a) demonstration effect
b) Increase in Prices (Food, Land
c) Disturbance to habitat

Back 36

5 B, 6 C, 7 A

Front 37

True or False: Impacts of tourism include not only negative implications, but positive impacts as well.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Positive impacts of tourism include which of the following:
a) Contributions to the local economy
b) Revival of traditional art
c) Revenue generation
d) All of the above

Back 38

D All of the above

Front 39

True or False: Whether impacts are perceived as positive or negative depends on the value and
judgment of the observer of the impacts.

Back 39

True

Front 40

True/False? According to McKercher’s ‘fundamental truths’ of tourism, tourism is multi-faceted and is
therefore almost impossible to control (Page 41).

Back 40

True

Front 41

According to the fundamental truths of tourism structural realities, tourism is primarily a: (Page 41)

a. Public Sector
b. NonProfit Sector
c. Private Sector
d. A combination of all three sectors
e. None of the Above

Back 41

c. Private Sector

Front 42

In order to satisfy tourism needs, tourism needs to be developed into forms of:
a. Cultural and Traditional Activities
b. Entertainment
c. Religious Activities, Dances and Festivals
d. Anything to satisfy the tourist needs and demands
e. All of the Above

Back 42

e. All of the Above.

Front 43

True/False? The human environment comprises economic, social and cultural factors and processes
which tourism is made up of (page 36

Back 43

True

Front 44

Positive economic benefits of tourism include (page 37):
a. Increases in the price of land and property
b. The addition of “going green” efforts to support natural resources
c. Contributions to both private and public businesses and entities
d. Increases in food prices

Back 44

c. Contributions to both private and public businesses and entities

Front 45

6. Revenue earned in order to support natural attractions
7. Job Creation
8. Revival of traditional art and handicraft activity

a. economic impact
b. Social/cultural impact
c. environmental impact

Back 45

6-c. 7-a. 8-b

Front 46

The seasonality of tourism is largely due to these two major factors (Page 38):
a. The importance of ‘where’ and ‘when’
b. Climate and Holiday Periods
c. Oceans and Deserts
d. School and non-school months

Back 46

b. Climate and Holiday Periods

Front 47

Which of the following is NOT a major influence on tourism impacts? (Page 39-40)
a. Where is the tourism taking place?
b. What infrastructure exists for tourism?
c. When is tourist season?
d. Is there a major theme park in the given tourist destination?

Back 47

Is there a major theme park in the given tourist destination?

Front 48

Which of the following are considered positive economic impacts when it comes to tourism?

A) Good weather season
B) Contribution to foreign exchange earnings
C) Generation of employment
D) Both B & C
E) All of the Above

Back 48

D Both B & C (Page 45)

Front 49

Which of the following is NOT a negative economic consequence of tourism?

A) Inflation
B) Opportunity Costs
C) Deflation
D) Over- dependence on tourism
E) All of the above are negative consequences

Back 49

C) Deflation (Page 46)

Front 50

What two continents produce few world tourists; but attract a growing number of tourists, which helps
to further reveal the uneven balance of international tourism?

A) Asia and South American
B) South American and Africa
C) Australasia and North America
D) Korea and Africa
E) None of the above

Back 50

B) South American and African (Page 47)

Front 51

The multiplier effect takes place when spending is circulated throughout an economy? This concept is
used to distinguish between direct and indirect income derived from tourism? True or Fale

A) True
B) False

Back 51

A) True (page 53)

Front 52

What area of tourism is the most researched?

A) Economic Impacts
B) Growth Impacts
C) Management
D) Planning

Back 52

A) Economic Impacts (Page 54)

Front 53

Economic impacts can be subdivided into both ____________and _________ grouping.

Back 53

Positive and Negative (Page 54)

Front 54

The Indonesian island of Bali has been able to keep most of the economic gain from the locally run
home-stays, which are equivalent to Western bed and breakfast, directly in local population. True or
Falses?

A) True
B) False

Back 54

True (Page 47)

Front 55

One significant factor when discussing economic impacts of tourism is money? True or False

A) True
B) False

Back 55

False; Scale (page 46)

Front 56

9) Inflation
10) Opportunity
11) Over Dependence on Tourism

A) Becoming dependent on tourism revenue to the
extent that any changes in demand are likely to lead
to a major economic crisis.

B) Increases in prices of land, houses and food that can occur as a result of tourism.

C) Cost of engaging in tourism rather than another
from of economic activity.

Back 56

9) B
10) C
11) A
(All can be found on page 46

Front 57

All of the following are negative consequences of tourism except:
a. Inflation
b. Lack of employment
c. Over-dependence on tourism
d. Opportunity costs

Back 57

Answer: B, Page 46

Front 58

Santa Claus Land is located in Lapland Finland. True or False

Back 58

True, Page 50

Front 59

___________ impacts are one of the most researched areas of tourism.
a. Economic
b. Cultural
c. Ecological
d. Sociological

Back 59

A, Page 54

Front 60

Santa Clause Village opened in which year?
a. 1900
b. 1950
c. 2000
d. 1985

Back 60

D, Page 51

Front 61

All of the following are positive economic effects of tourism except:
a. Generation of employment
b. Contribution to forgeign exchange earnings
c. Contribution of regional development
d. The development of areas into tourism attractions

Back 61

D, Page 45

Front 62

In the early part of the 20th century, which continent was the single most important tourism
destination?
a. Asia
b. Africa
c. Europe
d. North America

Back 62

C

Front 63

When was a significant amount of jobs created due to the growth in tourism?
a. 2000s
b. 1990s
c. 1920s
d. 1960s

Back 63

D

Front 64

The future of tourism in Bali is unclear due to the terrorist bombings in Kuta in October 2002 and
2005. True or False?

Back 64

True

Front 65

By 1999 approximately how many tourists visited Nepal?
a. 500,000
b. 350,000
c. 100,000
d. 1,000,000

Back 65

A

Front 66

In 2002, New Zealand received more than 4 million visitors in one year. True or False?

Back 66

False