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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glycolysis product
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2 pyruvate - 2 ATP - 2 NADH - Takes place in the cytoplasm
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Oxidative deCarboxylation of pyruvate (from glycolysis - deAmine of Alanine)
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Pyr deHnase + B1(thiamin) -2(riboflovin) -3 (niacin) -5(coA) -6 + lipoic acid --> Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH (in mitochondria) - inh by P
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look for the trends of names - Make sure to write out whole cycle wt Enz names and the defective of each enz -- know the general structure C # where to add and removing P
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- deH - deC - P - kinase
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Acetyl-CoA
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CH3-CO-S-CoA ------ SH-B5-CoenzA
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TCA inhibition and promotion
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Inh by ATP-NADH- acetyl-CoA-fatty acid ---- Pro by AMP-Ca-NaD+-CoA-ADP
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Oxaloacetate (COO-CH2-C=O-COO) source 1st method only used when oxaloacetate is used in gluconeogenesis or protein synthesis
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using biotin (B7) and Pyr Carbxylate (adding CO2 using ATP) --> put COO in the bottom of Pyr (CH2-C=O-COO) OR from last product of TCA cycle
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TCA S1 Rate control and Condensation (+H2O -CoA-SH)
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Acetyl-CoA (C2) + Oxaloacetate (C4) --> citrate (C6) -- no Oxaloacetate no TCA not ATP
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TCA S2 rearrangement
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Citrate (C6) isomerize to Isocitrate
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TCA S3 Oxidative deCarb -- make 1st NADH-CO2 -- ketoGlutarate (glutamate C5)
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use iso deH to remove CO2 from Isocitrate to make Ketoglutarate (analogous to glutamate C5)
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TCA S4 Oxi deCarb --- make 2nd NADH-CO2 -- high E succinyl-CoA
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(need B1 thiamin) use keto deH to remove CO2 from keto to make high E succinate-CoA and 2nd NADH -CO2
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TCA S5 production of GTP
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use suc Synthetase to make succinate and GTP (=ATP)
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learn the key term and use the figure to review and visualize the whole process -- Print them out
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Glycolysis -- Gluconeogenesis - Glycogen Metabolize - Metabolism Regualtion - TCA - E trans
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TCA S6 Oxidation to make FADH2
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(need vit B2 riboflavin) use succinate deH (mem bound enz) transfer H2 (e-) to FADH2 (energy)
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TCA S7 hydration
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use enz Fumarase to hydrate Fumarate to Malate
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TCA S8 Oxidation -- full circle - oxaloacetate
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use malate deH to make Oxaloacetate and 3rd NADH --- without releasing CO2
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NADH - CO2 making step and their enz
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S 3-4 and S8 isocitrate- keto-malate deH (no CO2 releasing)
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Energy summary CAC - Pyr deH - Glycolysis and Net ATP
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4 ATP + 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 = 4 + 10x2.5 + 2x1.5 = 4+25+3= 32 ATP
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Energy production in CAC
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2x3 NADH (s3-4-8) + 2x1 FADH (s6) + 2x1 GTP (s5)
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Energy production in Pyr deH
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2x1 NADH
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Energy production in Glycolysis
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2 ATP + 2 NADH
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TCA as a metabolic central hub
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making fatty acid (FA), steroid --- Glutamate --- Porphyrin, Heme -- Aspartate, Asparagine -- Malate, Oxaloacetate
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FA-steroid are made from ......
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Citrate
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Porphyrin, heme are made from ......
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Sunccinyl-CoA
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Glutamate are made from ......
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a-ketoglutarate
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Aspartate- Asparagine are made from ......
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Oxalo-aceate
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Oxaloacetate are made from ......
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Pyruvate use Pyr deH --> Malate use Malate deH --> Oxalo-acetate
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Beriberi
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nervous system ailment caused by a deficiency in vitamin B in the diet. Thiamine B1 can't break down Pyruvate (to Act-CoA -no NADH no ACt -COA for TCA) and al-keto (to Succ-CoA -- no NADH)
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