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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what area is the rRNA phylogeny greatly different from the traditional animal family tree?
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The Protostome branch.
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According to the rRNA phylogeny, what two major groups are the protostome phyla divided in to?
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Lophotrochozoans and Ecdysozoans.
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What is the main difference between them?
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Lophotrochozoans grow by adding cells to themselves. Ecdysozoans grow by molting their external skeletons.
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What is the name for the free-living larva that most lophotrochozoans have?
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Trochophore.
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What four phyla are assigned to Lophotrochozoan?
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The lophophorate phyla, Flatworms, Mollusks, and Annelids.
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What is a lophophore?
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A horseshoe-shaped crown of cilliated tentacles present in members of the lophophorate phyla.
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What two phyla have been particularly successful as Ecdysozoans?
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Roundworms (Nematoda) and Arthropods (Arthropoda).
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What is the minimal requirement for classification as a Parazoa?
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Multicellularity.
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Larval sponges are free-swimming, but adults are _______.
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Sessile (anchored)
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What layers do sponges have?
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They have an internal layer of flagellated choanocytes, an intermediate gelatinous mesohyl, and an outer epithelial layer.
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Wastes are forced out of the the sponge through the _______.
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Osculum.
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How do sponges reproduce?
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They can either fragment themselves or reproduce sexually.
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What phylum do sponges belong to?
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Porifera.
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What is the minimal requirement for classification as a Radiata?
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Tissues.
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What layers do Radiata have?
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A layer of digestive tissues called the gastrodermis, a gelatinous mesoglea, and an epidermis.
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What phyla are members of Radiata?
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Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
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What are the two body plans of Cnidarians?
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Polyps and Medusae.
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What are the free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated larvae of Cnidarians called?
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Planulae.
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What is the Cnidarian nervous system like?
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It is just a net of nerve cells.
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What cells on Cnidarian tentacles help them catch prey? What particular structure makes them functional?
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Cnidocytes. Nematocysts.
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What are the classes of Cnidariants?
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Hydrozoa(hydroids), Scyphozoa(jellyfish), Cubozoa(box jellyfish), Anthozoa(corals and anemones)
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What is the minimal requirement for being classified as a Bilaterian?
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Bilateral Symmetry.
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Are Bilaterians triploblastic or diploblastic?
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Triploblastic.
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Describe the phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms).
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They have an incomplete gut, an excretory system, a simple central nervous system, flame cells, and no circulatory system.
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What classes of Platyhelminthes exist?
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Turbellaria (only free-living), Trematoda (flukes), Cestoda (Tapeworms).
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What are the life stages of Flukes, in order of development?
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Miracidium (larva), sporocyst, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae.
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What are the three parts of Tapeworms?
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The scolex (attachment organ), neck, and proglottids (segmented section)
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What is special about the phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms)?
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They have a fluid-filled sac that could be a primitive coelom, a complete digestive system, and a circulatory system with blood vessels.
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What was the next change in body plan as members of Platyhelminthes evolved?
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An internal body cavity.
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Do pseudocoelomates have defined circulatory systems?
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No.
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Name the piercing organs Nematodes usually have on their mouthes. Where does the food go after passing through the mouth?
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Stylets. The Pharynx.
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What new phylum was recently created to accomodate an organism that lives on the mouthes of lobsters?
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Cycliophora.
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Who are you going to vote for MHA president?
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Robert Fromm.
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