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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are biological molecules? What are hydrocarbons?
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Molecules that consist mainly of carbon. Biological molecules that contain only hydrogen and carbon. They contain covalent bonds with significant energy.
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What are all the functional groups?
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Hydroxyl(OH), Carbonyl(CO), Carboxyl(COOH), Amino(NHH), Sulfhydryl(SH), Phosphate(POOO), Methyl(CHHH)
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What are macromolecules? What builds them? What breaks them apart?
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Long molecules usually made of polymers. Dehydration synthesis. Hydrolysis.
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What are the different kinds of macromolecules?
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Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Carbohydrates.
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What are the functions of proteins?
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Enzymes, Defense, Transport, Support, Motion, Regulation, and Storage.
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Describe an amino acid's structure.
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An amino group connected to a carbon connected to an R group, a hydrogen, and a carboxyl group.
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What happens when a protein denatures?
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It unfolds and loses functionality.
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What bonds form between amino acids?
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Peptide bonds.
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What are the levels of protein structure?
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Primary (Amino Acid Sequence), Secondary (Fold), Motif (Collection of Folds), Tertiary (Final Folded Shape), Domains (Function Parts of the Tertiary), Quatemary (Group of Proteins that Function as a Unit)
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What are chaperone proteins?
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Proteins that assist in the folding of proteins as they are being assembled.
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What are the types of nucleic acids? What are the parts?
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DNA (store code for protein synthesis) and RNA (copied from DNA to form protein). A phosphate, a 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogeneous base.
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What is the loose definition of lipids?
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Molecules insoluble in water.
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What are fats? What are saturated fats? Unsaturated?
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A glycerol with 3 fatty acid chains. Fats with only single bonds between carbons (usually solid). Fats with one or more double bonds (usually liquid).
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What are phospholipids?
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Lipids with a glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. They form all biological membranes.
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What are isomers?
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Compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structure.
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What are carbohydrates?
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Loosely, they are molecules with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
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What is a monosaccharide? A disaccharide? A polysaccharide?
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A simple sugar. Two simple sugars joined. A string of sugars (called a starch when formed by plants).
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Humans transport glucose as a ___________, plants as a ___________.
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Monosaccharide, Disaccharide.
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What is the sugar produced by plants to make wood? What is the sugar produced by arthropods and fungi to make carapace? How are they similar?
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Cellulose. Chitin. They are isomers of each other.
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Who made these flashcards?
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Robert Fromm
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