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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Concerning the origin of mitochondria, what is the theory of endosymbiosis?
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Mitochondria were originally independent, aerobic bacteria which were ingested by larger cells and formed a symbiotic relationship.
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Why is Protista such a diverse kingdom?
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Its members are not necessarily related and are artificially grouped for convenience.
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What are some of the methods of protist locomotion?
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Cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia.
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What are phototrophs, phagotrophs, and osmotrophs?
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Protists that photosynthesize, protists that ingest large food particles, and protists that ingest dissolved food.
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What is binary fission? Budding? Schizogony?
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The splitting of a protist into two nearly different halves. The pinching off of a small daughter cell that eventually reaches mature size. Multiple divisions of the cell occuring after multiple divisions of the nucleus.
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What are the six lineages of protists?
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Euglenozoa, Alveolata, Stramenopila, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Choanoflagellida.
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Describe Euglenoids.
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They are part of Eulenozoa. They can be photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or both. They are covered with a flexible pellicle. They have a light-sensitive stigma.
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Describe Kinetoplastids.
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They are part of Euglenozoa. They have a single mitochondria with mini-circle and maxi-circle DNA. Trypanosomes are a type that cause very serious human diseases.
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What is a common trait among all Alveolata?
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An alveoli below the plasma membrane.
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Describe Dinoflagellates.
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They are part of Alveolata. They are generally photosynthetic unicells with two flagella. They have few to no histones, and reproduce primarily asexually.
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Describe Apicomplexes.
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They are part of Alveolata. Many organelles are clustered at one end of the cell. One type of them causes malaria.
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Describe Ciliates.
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They are part of Alveolata. They move with cilia and are covered by a pellicle. They eject waste through a cytoproct and have two different nuclei types, macro and micro. Only a macronucleus is immediately vital to survival.
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What types of organisms are included in Stramenopila?
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Brown algae, diatoms, and oomycetes (water molds).
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What is another name for Rhodophyta?
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Red algae.
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Describe Chlorophyta.
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They contain chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids. They are also known as green algae.
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Describe Choanoflagellida.
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They are similar to the ancestor of animals. They have a flagellum with a contractile collar surrounding it.
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Describe Amoebas.
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They move with pseudopods and are generally amorphous, although Actinopoda (aka radiolarians) have a distinct shape.
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Describe Foraminifera.
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They are informally called "forams", have pre-studded shells called tests, which help in dating things in the fossil record.
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Slime molds can be plasmodial. What does this mean? What structures allow it to reproduce?
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It is a giant mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei. Sporangium.
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