Tae Kim

Front 1

魚だ

Back 1

Is fish

Front 2

友達じゃない

Back 2

Is not friend

Front 3

学生じゃない

Back 3

Is not student

Front 4

静かじゃない

Back 4

Is not quiet

Front 5

アリスは学生？

Back 5

Are you (Alice) student?

Front 6

うん、学生

Back 6

Yeah, I am

Front 7

今日は試験だ

Back 7

Today is exam.

Front 8

ボブ：　アリスは学生？
アリス：　うん、トムも学生

Back 8

Bob: Are you (Alice) student?
Alice: Yes, and Tom is also student. (Who is standing next to her)

Front 9

ボブ：　アリスは学生？
アリス：　うん、でもトムは学生じゃない

Back 9

Bob: Are you (Alice) student?
Alice: Yes, but Tom is not student. (Who is standing next to her)

Front 10

ボブ：　アリスは学生？
アリス：　ううん、トムも学生じゃない

Back 10

Bob: Are you (Alice) student?
Alice: No, and Tom is also not student. (No, and neither is Tom)

Front 11

ボブ：　誰が学生？
アリス：　ジムが学生

Back 11

Bob: Who is the one that is student?
Alice: Jim is the one who is student.

Front 12

私は学生

Back 12

(Speaking of me) I am a student

Front 13

私が学生

Back 13

I am *the* student.

Front 14

静かな人

Back 14

Quiet person

Front 15

友達は親切

Back 15

Friend is kind.

Front 16

友達は親切な人

Back 16

Friend is kind person.

Front 17

ボブは魚が好きだ
ボブは魚が好きじゃない
ボブは魚が好きだった
ボブは魚が好きじゃなかった

Back 17

Bob likes fish
Bob does not like fish
Bob liked fish
Bob did not like fish

Front 18

魚が好きなタイプ
魚が好きじゃないタイプ
魚が好きだったタイプ
魚が好きじゃなかったタイプ

Back 18

Type that likes fish
Type that does not like fish
Type that liked fish
Type that did not like fish

(The point is that "type/person" that "likes/verb" "fish/something" can be treated as a noun)

Front 19

魚が好きじゃないタイプは、肉が好きだ

Back 19

Types (of people) who do not like fish like meat

Front 20

高いビル
高くないビル
高かったビル
高くなかったビル

Back 20

Tall building
Not tall building
Building that was tall
Building that was not tall

Front 21

静かな高いビル

Back 21

A quiet, tall building

Front 22

高くない静かなビル

Back 22

A not tall, quiet building

Front 23

値段が高いレストランはあまり好きじゃない

Back 23

Don't like high price restaurants very much

Front 24

値段があんまりよくない

Back 24

Price isn't very good

Front 25

彼はかっこよかった！

Back 25

He looked really cool!

Front 26

アリスは食べる
ジムが遊ぶ
ボブもする
お金がある
私は買う
猫はいる

Back 26

As for Alice, eat
Jim is the one that plays
Also does Bob
There is money
As for me, buy
There is cat

Front 27

アリスは食べない
ジムが遊ばない
ボブもしない
お金がない
私は買わない
猫はいない

Back 27

As for Alice, does not eat
Jim is the one that does not play
Neither (does) Bob
There is no money
As for me, not buy
There is no cat

Front 28

ご飯は、食べた

Back 28

As for meal, ate.

Front 29

映画は、全部見た

Back 29

As for movie, saw them all

Front 30

今日は、走った

Back 30

As for today, ran

Front 31

友達が来た

Back 31

Friend is the one that came

Front 32

私も遊んだ

Back 32

I also played

Front 33

勉強は、した

Back 33

About homework (lit. study), did it

Front 34

アリスは食べなかった
ジムがしなかった
ボブも行かなかった
お金がなかった
私は買わなかった
猫はいなかった

Back 34

As for Alice, did not eat
Jim is the one that did not do
Bob also did not go
There was no money
As for me, did not buy.
There was no cat

Front 35

魚を食べる

Back 35

Eat fish

Front 36

ジュースを飲んだ

Back 36

Drank juice

Front 37

街をぶらぶら歩く

Back 37

Aimlessly walk through town. (Lit: Aimlessly walk town)

Front 38

高速道路を走る

Back 38

Run through expressway. (Lit: Run expressway)

Front 39

毎日、日本語を勉強する

Back 39

Study Japanese everyday

Front 40

メールアドレスを登録した

Back 40

Registered email address

Front 41

ボブは日本に行った

Back 41

Bob went to Japan

Front 42

家に帰らない

Back 42

Not go back home

Front 43

部屋にくる

Back 43

Come to room

Front 44

アリスは、アメリカからきた

Back 44

Alice came from America

Front 45

宿題を今日から明日までする

Back 45

Will do homework from today to tomorrow.「から」 is also often paired with 「まで」, which means "up to".

Front 46

猫は部屋にいる

Back 46

Cat is in room

Front 47

椅子が台所にあった

Back 47

Chair was in the kitchen

Front 48

いい友達に会った

Back 48

Met good friend

Front 49

ジムは医者になる

Back 49

Jim will become doctor

Front 50

先週に図書館に行った

Back 50

Went to library last week

Front 51

友達は、来年、日本に行く

Back 51

Next year, friend go to Japan

Front 52

友達は、来年に日本に行く

Back 52

Friend go to Japan next year

(the target particle makes the date a specific target emphasizing that the friend will go to Japan at that time. Without the particle, there is no special emphasis.)

Front 53

ボブは日本へ行った

Back 53

Bob headed towards Japan

Front 54

家へ帰らない

Back 54

Not go home toward house

Front 55

部屋へくる

Back 55

Come towards room

Front 56

勝ちへ向かう

Back 56

Go towards victory

Front 57

映画館で見た

Back 57

Saw at movie theater

Front 58

バスで帰る

Back 58

Go home by bus

Front 59

レストランで昼ご飯を食べた

Back 59

Ate lunch at restaurant

Front 60

何できた？
バスできた

Back 60

Came by the way of what? (何=なに)
Came by the way of bus

Front 61

何できた？
暇だから

Back 61

Why did you come? (何=なんで)
Because I am free (as in have nothing to do).

Front 62

ボブ：　学校に行った？
アリス：　行かなかった
ボブ：　図書館には？
アリス：　図書館にも行かなかった

Back 62

Alice: [Did you] go to school?
Bob: Didn't go
Alice: What about library?
Bob: Also didn't go to library.

Front 63

ボブ：　どこで食べる？
アリス：　イタリアレストランではどう？

Back 63

Bob: Eat where?
Alice: How about Italian restaurant?

Front 64

日本語を習う

Back 64

Learn Japanese

Front 65

日本語は、習う

Back 65

About Japanese, (will) learn it

Front 66

私が電気をつけた

Back 66

I am the one that turned on the lights

Front 67

電気がついた

Back 67

The lights turned on

Front 68

電気を消す

Back 68

Turn off the lights

Front 69

電気が消える

Back 69

Lights turn off

Front 70

誰が窓を開けた？

Back 70

Who opened the window?

Front 71

窓がどうして開いた？

Back 71

Why has the window opened?

Front 72

部屋を出た

Back 72

I left room

Front 73

学生じゃない人は、学校に行かない

Back 73

Person who is not student do not go to school

Front 74

子供だったアリスが立派な大人になった

Back 74

The Alice that was a child became a fine adult

Front 75

友達じゃなかったアリスは、いい友達になった

Back 75

Alice who was not a friend, became a good friend

Front 76

先週に医者だったボブは、仕事を辞めた

Back 76

Bob who was a doctor last week quit his job

Front 77

先週に映画を見た人は誰？

Back 77

Who is person who watched movie last week?

Front 78

ボブは、いつも勉強する人だ

Back 78

Bob is a person who always studies

Front 79

赤いズボンを買う友達はボブだ

Back 79

Friend who buy red pants is Bob

Front 80

晩ご飯を食べなかった人は、映画で見た銀行に行った

Back 80

Person who did not eat dinner went to the bank she saw at movie

Front 81

私は公園でお弁当を食べた
公園で私はお弁当を食べた
お弁当を私は公園で食べた
弁当を食べた
食べた

Back 81

Ate box lunch at the park. (The whole point of having particles it's so that they can identify what grammatical function a word serves no matter where it is in the sentence)

Front 82

スプーンとフォークで魚を食べた

Back 82

Ate fish by means of fork and spoon

Front 83

本と雑誌と葉書を買った

Back 83

Bought book, magazine, and post card

Front 84

友達と話した

Back 84

Talked with friend

Front 85

先生と会った

Back 85

Met with teacher

Front 86

飲み物やカップやナプキンは、いらない？

Back 86

You don't need (things like) drink, cup, or napkin, etc.?

Front 87

靴やシャツを買う

Back 87

Buy (things like) shoes and shirt, etc...

Front 88

飲み物とかカップとかナプキンは、いらない？

Back 88

You don't need (things like) drink, cup, or napkin, etc.? (More colloquial)

Front 89

靴とかシャツを買う

Back 89

Buy (things like) shoes and shirt, etc... (More colloquial)

Front 90

ボブの本

Back 90

Book of Bob

Front 91

ボブは、アメリカの大学の学生だ

Back 91

Bob is student of college of America (Bob is a student of an American college)

Front 92

そのシャツは誰のシャツ？
ボブのシャツだ

Back 92

Whose shirt is that shirt?
It is shirt of Bob

Front 93

そのシャツは誰の？
ボブのだ

Back 93

Whose shirt is that?
It is of Bob

Front 94

白いのは、かわいい

Back 94

Thing that is white is cute

Front 95

授業に行くのを忘れた

Back 95

Forgot the event of going to class

Front 96

白い物は、かわいい

Back 96

Thing that is white is cute

Front 97

授業に行くことを忘れた

Back 97

Forgot the thing of going to class

Front 98

毎日勉強するのは大変

Back 98

The thing of studying every day is tough

Front 99

毎日同じ物を食べるのは、面白くない

Back 99

It's not interesting to eat same thing every day

Front 100

静かな部屋が、アリスの部屋だ

Back 100

Quiet room is room of Alice

Front 101

静かなのが、アリスの部屋だ

Back 101

Quiet one is room of Alice

Front 102

今は忙しいの

Back 102

The thing is that (I'm) busy now (feminine)

Front 103

今は忙しいのだ

Back 103

The thing is that (I'm) busy now

Front 104

今は忙しいの？

Back 104

Is it that (you) are busy now? (gender-neutral)

Front 105

ジムのだ

Back 105

It is of Jim. (It is Jim's.)

Front 106

ジムなのだ

Back 106

It is Jim (with explanatory tone).

Front 107

アリス：　どこに行くの？
ボブ：　授業に行くんだ

Back 107

Alice: Where are you going? (Seeking explanation)
Bob: I'm going to class. (Explanatory)

Front 108

アリス：　今、授業があるんじゃない？
ボブ：　今は、ないんだ

Back 108

Alice: Don't you have class now? (Expecting that there is class)
Bob: No, there is no class now. (Explanatory)

Front 109

アリス：　今、授業がないんじゃない？
ボブ：　ううん、ある

Back 109

Alice: Don't you not have class now? (Expecting that there is no class)
Bob: No, I do have class.

Front 110

アリス：　その人が買うんじゃなかったの？
ボブ：　ううん、先生が買うんだ

Back 110

Alice: Wasn't that person going to buy? (Expecting that the person would buy)
Bob: No, the teacher is going to. (Explanatory)

Front 111

アリス：　朝ご飯を食べるんじゃなかった
ボブ：　どうして？

Back 111

Alice: Should not have eaten breakfast, you know. (Explaining that breakfast wasn't to be eaten)
Bob: How come?