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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James I's relationship with Parliament
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not a good one... the Scottish parliament was very different from the English one. The Scottish parliament did everything James wanted no questions asked; James was demanding and they didn't like that.
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Rise of the gentry and house of commons
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in parliament they wanted more power from the king and didn't do everything the king wanted
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money problems of James
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james I; parliament didn't want to give him money; favored advisors and gave his favorites money Ex-Bate's case
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Bate's Case
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James I-was a london merchang and custom's bill changed and he didn't want to pay it; TOOK KING TO COURT, judges biased 1605
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Examples of money problems of James
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The Great Contract (Cecil) never went into law but it said James would receive a subsidy each year in exchage for feudal rights
Tarrifs as Foreign Affairs: imposition of taxes on goods coming in and out of the contry which angered merchants |
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Religion during James I
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James had a Calvinist, Presbyterian background. Church of Scotland. VIEWS HIMSELF AS A THEOLOGIAN didn't like presbyterianism because he wasn't the head of the church
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Millenary Petition
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1603=1000 signiatures of peasants advocating the destruction of popery; VERY puritan; advocating a greater reformation
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1604 conference at Hampden Court
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James liked being the head of the church; Presbytery=James rage. Commissed another bible=King James Version 1611
***Starts cracking down on Puritans after this; conference was called to talk about the petition; he doesn't want hierarchy changed--keep the bishops. |
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King James Bible
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1611. Starts cracking down on puritanism after this
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Puritanism and New World
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Plymouth. To be a big player in the world, you need colonies.
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Oath of Allegiance
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Makes everyone swear an oath so the bishops lose their parishes in the major crackdown. "no kings no bishops? Late 1500s.
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Gunpowder Plot
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Guy Fawkes; Foxe was catholic, his group=angry about religious stuff. Gave letters to catholic members... Robert Catesby plotted to kill king and house of commons and install catholic govt. Prosecutor: Edward Coke; opposed King's Trew Lw.
NOV 5 1605 |
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Robert Catesby
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plotted to kill the king with Guy Fawkes, on Nov 5 1605
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Edward Coke
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prosecutor in Gunpowder plot; just vs. king in Trew law, king promotes him to king's bench so he doesn't have as much authority. 1616- some of James I's advisors removed him from office.
**LEFT PARLIAMENT TO BE THE ONLY PLACE TO RAISE QUESTIONS OF LAW |
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Act of Uniformity James I
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if you don't attend church you will pay a fine but it's weird because his wife is catholic promised the catholics to not persecute them. early 1600s
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Trew Law
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kings should follow the law but they're not bound by it; James came up with it. Early 1600s.
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God's Double Delieverance
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gunpowder plot delievered James AND monarchy and Protestant church!!
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30 Years War
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with HRE (1618-48) and Palatinate (Germany in Bohemia). Begins with Catholic Habsburgs HRE vs. Protestant Fredierick of Palatinate. 1618 king of bohemia elects Fred V king of bohemia so Frederick has 2/7. Catholics=Catholic Union. English back Fred although its a lost cause... Frederick married James' daughter Elizabeth
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Catholic Union
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30 years war vs. Frederick and Bohemia run by Hapsburgs.
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James' deal with Spanish Habsburgs
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by Gondomar=Spanish ambassador under Philip II. Tries to marry his oldest son Charles I to Catholic Spanish Princess. Gave more $to Gondomar than Eliz. gave total. James wants to be PRINCE OF PEACE but his son in law fred=screwed. Marriage DIDN'T HAPPEN
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1621 Parliament
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wants to talk about economic problems and religion. Gave James two subsidies but wasn't enough to fight 30 years war (HRE vs. Fred)
Impeachment? Coke brings it up. Francis Bacon was impeached. **Goring was under Buckingham and he brings up foreign policy and James HATES THIS--P overstepped their boundaries. Dissolved |
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House of Commons' Protestation
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Coke is dismissed, king dissolves house of commons. James says you can't do foreign policy and they say NO we have ancient rights!!
**First time they resist James |
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James' Trew Law
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divine right of kings
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Wooing of Spanish infanta
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Charles and Buckingham--hpeless romantic but Philip iii of spain doesn't want them to marry. James dies 1625
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Parliament 1624
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War with spain authorized by them; don't want the king to marry a catholic. Charles is 2nd son--first died.
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Charles I years
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1625-1649
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Charles wife
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henrietta maria FRENCH
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Charles I's advisor
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buckingham
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tonnage and poundage
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charles is AWFUL with money... 1st parliament dismissed because they will only grant him $ for 1 year.
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Buckinghams' fiasco in war
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Charles I-sails a fleet to Spain but he doesn't have money so its a disaster
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Sir John Ellington
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from friend to archfoe of king... Becomes a critic of king.
**Failed attempt to capture Caliz in Spain so he sees failure of the monarchy and Buckingham |
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Buckingham trying to get P dissolved because he controlls alot of monopolies?
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forces charles to hold to Petition of Right and 2nd parliament dismissed under Charles
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petition of right
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chalres i- 1628 Parliament. Stipulations king MUST follow. habeus corpus, follow magna carta, no forced imprisonment, entry, taxes, loans etc. BY EDWARD COKE
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1628 parliament
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under charles i-petition of right
habeus corpus magna carta vs imprisonment and forced loans, taxation without parliaments' consent, vs forced entry etc. |
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1628 chalres
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dissolved parliament, but now he needs money... people started refusing to pay. 26 from House were thrown into prison
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5 knights case
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1627 writ of habeus corpus; 5 nobility who refused to pay forced loans. Sue king and almost win... chief justice resigns
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1st-3rd parliament dates
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1621-economic problems and religion-Goring and impeachment and foreign policy
1624-war with spain no catholic marriage 1628-petition of right , sir john ellington, money problems |
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War with France
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1624-1642: Cardinal Richealieu centralizes power in France; Charles sides with Huegenots (protestants) vs. Richealieu
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Murder of Buckingham
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1628. Charles turns to his wife for advice=more catholic.
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Forest Law and Ship money
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1628 charles needs money now... feudal laws
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John Hampden
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Ship Money Case- refused to pay. Chief justice resigns because he doesn't want to rule vs king. Says king should only use it if its an emergency--SHOULD CALL PARLIAMENT
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parliament 1640
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short parliament. leading=john pym; deals with scottish invasion. give king a list of grievances; charles needs money for scotland. pym=haven't been here for 10 years we have stuff to say.
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Scottish invasion!!!!!!!!
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under Charles I... triggered by religious problems. James but in bishops?! Gave them book of common prayer. Armenianism; Jenny Geddes=National Covenant.
King sends WENTWORTH from Ireland to deal with Scottish |
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Arminianism
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scotland-high anglicanism; archbishop laud. salvation by faith along; close to calvinism. revolt in 1640s = covenanters
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Archbishop Laud
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1633-1645 opposed radical puritanism; long parliament =treason and beheads him. Leads to civil war.
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Jenny Geddes
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Scottish woman who throws a chair in church and starts scottish riot--bishops make her angry
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National Covenant
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Scots are angry the english... support their king but NOT his religion. Covenanters support parliament because they want them to clamp down on armenianism and catholicism. Declaration and oath tha twe are for presbyterianism and king
1638 will give their lives for the king and presbyterianism... but not his evil advisors. Charles has to compromise because they have a HUGE army |
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who does the king send to scotland in 1640?
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thomas wentworth (earl of strafford)
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long parliament 20 years
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1640-60. Pym tells king they'll raise money and troops if he will let them run militia. Want Laud dead; hate strafford-kill him over treason.
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parliaments under charles 2
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1621-economic problems and religion, Goring, impeachment, foreign policy
1624-war with spain no catholic wife 1628-sir john ellington, petition of right, Charles' money problems 1640- short parliament. pym=grievances, scottish invasion, need money 1640-1660=long parliament-pym. will raise money if they can control troops=civil war |
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Civil war theories
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royalists vs parliamentarians causes:
Traditionalist: james and charles encroached on liberties of subjects (Whig history stephen gardiner) its all the monarch's fault 2. wallace notestein-says house of commons was becoming more self-aware and they had more and more power over king and they're more educated. Parliament WANTED to rule so conflict=happen. Conrad Russell: Patronage and revisionist view. All had patrons in house of lords... mobilizing vs. Buckingham. Fehler doesn't like this. Buckingham dies in 1629 |
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Civil War important events
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Battle at Marston Moor, Battle of Naseby, Pride's Purge, smashed ireland and scots with new model army
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Oliver Cromwell
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1599-1658, lord protector of england
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Charles executed in
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January 1649
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Levellers
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political movement emphacizing popular soveriengty, quality for law and religious tolerance in manifesto. Largest faction of Parliamentarians.
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Irish Revolt
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1641 for independence when wentworth/strafford leaves
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Solemn League and Covenant-
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john pym with scotland 1643. brought them into the war on roundhead's side if England pays for military and if they reform scottish church
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Essex, cromwell
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main army commander of Parliamentarians
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putney debates
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series of discussions between New Model army levellers--concerning makeup of new constitution for england. 1647
=ARMY RADICALISM |
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battle of naseby
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1645 prince rupert vs cromwell, both full armies come together and royalists could've won but they were destroyed. Surrender of CHARLES!!!
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Westminster Confession
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?
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Charles' final surprise attack
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1648 preston??
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Prides' purge and rump parliament
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1648
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Clerendon Codes
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Charles II--series of laws that cracks down on puritans; ended any hope for anglicans and non-conformists working together
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War ends in....
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1546!!!!!
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Interregnum dates and Commonwealth dates
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1649-1660; 1649-53
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Interregnum foreign policy
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Ireland (Drogheda)=massacre under Cromwell, Scotland, Dutch War, corruption and no reform at home: Rumb dissolves
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Nominated Parliament
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under interregnum; 1653: praise-God barebones parliament. indepeents nominate people from congregation
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Ireland (Drogheda)
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massacre under Cromwell
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Eikon Basilike
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published right after Charles dies--portraiture of king in his solitude and sufferings
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whigs vs. tories
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Under Charles II
pro-parliament, anti-monarchy, will of the people, etc. John Locke. Support William being king = whigs tories=pro-king and conservative support Mary being Queen. First two political parties. Thomas Hobbes=absolute monarchy (Leviathan) Catholic |
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Mary of Modena
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under James II, is his Catholic wife. Has James-Edward and the godfather is the pope; messes up protestant plans.
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Interregnum wars
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Dutch war (netherlands) ireland and scotland, corruption and no reform at home: Rump dissolved, Nominated Parliament (Bare Bones)
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Protectorate
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1653-58; Lord Protector Cromwell.
Cromwell dies, Rump comes back. Long Parliament comes back in 1660 and dissolves itself. Convention Parliament=decide Restoration |
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Convention Parliament
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1660 decide Restoration under Protectorate
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declaration of indulgences 1687
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James II isn't purging protestants from office but all of his appointments are Catholics
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Significance of Interregnum
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religion: permanent outcast of protestant faith: non conformity
government: execution of king for exceeding authority. Parliament ruled without monarch Intellectual: freedom of press 20000 pamphlets printed, ex-john milton Areopagitica Freedom of Conscience "world TUrned Upside Down" |
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toleration act
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granted toleration to all forms of protestants but doesn't extend to CATHOLICISM. Under William and Mary--beginning of democracy
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Charles II years
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1660-85
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James II years
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1685-88
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William and Mary years
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1689-1702
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exile on continent of charles II
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with cousin Louis XIV
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last great visitation of plague under...
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charles II and great fire of london 1666
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Clarendon Code REAL
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Corporation Act, Act of Uniformity, Conventicle Act, Five MIle Act
All fill holes of previous laws under charles II |
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Treaty of Dover
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1670; secret clause with Louis XIV; he rents english navy and pays charles a subsidy and says he will convert to catholicism
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Declaration of Indulgences
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1672. Setting aside elements of Clarendon code because it affected to many people. Parliament not happy because they're not in session. Makes king revoke this.
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Test Act
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1673. Parliament made to take test act to hold office--must take communion at Anglican Church and not believe in transubstantiation. charles 11
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Exclusion Crisis
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under charles II, parliament tries to keep james II from throne but Charles keeps dissolving them. Tories don't like this.
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Whig leader
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Anthony Cooper Shaftesbury
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2nd treatise on government
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1679 under charles II; John Locke. wasn't published until 1690. seen as justification to put W&M on throne. Written in midst of exclusion crisis.Government has a responsitility to look out for the people.
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Titus Oates and Popish PLot
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Oates converted to Catholicism and then from it; claim there's a catholic conspiracy to kill the king. Considered a great liar in history but gets parliamentary support=laundry list of people and they're executed.
Mid 1680s= Whigs fall into disrepute because they've gone along with this. |
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James II
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catholic; two kids=Mary and Anne adn they're protestants. Mary=William of Orange.
Tories=nonresistance to God's will for succession |
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Revocation of Edict of Nantes
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1685 by Louis XIV's crackdown on Protestants in France
Edict is in 1598 granted Calvinist Protestants of France (Huegenots) offered freedom of conscience and religion and TOLERANCE |
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Beleagured Isle
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the whole world is vs England; James I
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Who asks William and Mary to come?
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TORIES
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Declaration of Indulgences
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1672. Setting aside elements of Clarendon code because it affected to many people. Parliament not happy because they're not in session. Makes king revoke this.
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Test Act
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1673. Parliament made to take test act to hold office--must take communion at Anglican Church and not believe in transubstantiation. charles 11
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Exclusion Crisis
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under charles II, parliament tries to keep james II from throne but Charles keeps dissolving them. Tories don't like this.
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Whig leader
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Anthony Cooper Shaftesbury
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2nd treatise on government
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1679 under charles II; John Locke. wasn't published until 1690. seen as justification to put W&M on throne. Written in midst of exclusion crisis.
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Titus Oates and Popish PLot
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Oates converted to Catholicism and then from it; claim there's a catholic conspiracy to kill the king. Considered a great liar in history but gets parliamentary support=laundry list of people and they're executed.
Mid 1680s= Whigs fall into disrepute because they've gone along with this. |
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James II
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catholic; two kids=Mary and Anne adn they're protestants. Mary=William of Orange.
Tories=nonresistance to God's will for succession |
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Revocation of Edict of Nantes
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1685 by Louis XIV's crackdown on Protestants in France
Edict is in 1598 granted Calvinist Protestants of France (Huegenots) offered freedom of conscience and religion and TOLERANCE |
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Beleagured Isle
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the whole world is vs England; James I
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Who asks William and Mary to come?
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TORIES
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Monmouth Rebellion
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1685. no public support. anti-catholic sentiment; James didn't realize this.
Protestants are fleeing France to England and telling of evils of Catholicism |
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1687 James
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sets aside Test Act and announces Act/Declaration of Indulgences for two Sundays in a row. sends 7 bishops to Tower because they publish libel.
James II is appointing Cathlolics to government and navy; not purging catholics but |
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Who are the Whigs?
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under James II, they're protestant, tories and catholics.
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Glorious/Bloodless Revolution
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1689-1702=William and Mary
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William and Mary years
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1689-1702
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W&M first parliament
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puts forward Bill of Rights=Parliament free speech, free press, power of the purse, right to bear arms, catholics can't be monarchs, excluded if marry a catholic.
**Places monarchy UNDER Parliament!! 1. Toleration Act 2. Triennial Act 3. Bill of Rights |
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Toleration Act
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under W&M, grants toleration to all non-conforming parliament and monarchs are now officially subject to rule of law and so a limited monarchy
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Triennial Act
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under W&M, 1698 parliament has to meet at least once every 3 years
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Wars of W&M
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Netherlands, Louis XIV (France), and War of the League of Augsburg
Ireland: Battle of Boyne 1690 |
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Act of Settlement
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1701. After W&M, succession= Anne and then HANOVERIAN LINE!! (Going back to James I line)
also, INDEPENDANT JUDICIARY, lifetime term for judges, makes monarchy MORE limited, examined with "enlightened French eyes" and it's seen as BEST gov't. |
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11 years of tyranny
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after 2nd parliament in Charles I and then the long parliament comes after that. Right before 1640. CAUSES: they're mad because he didn't follow petition of rights--collect tonnage and poundage. Gets mad, has Elliot arrested and dissolves Parliament. Collects SHip money, etc.
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IRELAND 16th and 17th century
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1541- Henry is King of Ireland
1579-1603= rebellion by Hugh O'Neill, Deveraux and Blount Ulster Plantations Oliver Cromwell |
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Clarendon Code Acts
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leftist extremists-4 acts. We hate radical puritans.
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