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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CD4 Helper T cells that have been activated are subdivided into which two subpopulations?
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Th1 and Th2.
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What is the function of Th1 T helper cells?
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It promotes killing of bacteria that replicates in the intracellular vesicles of macrophages
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What is the function of Th2 helper cells?
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It provides helper function to B cells to promote antibody production
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So we have a extracellular bacteria that infects a macrophage, what happens next?
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It is detected by Th1 cells which kills the intracellular bacteria
-Th2 cells help b cells make antibodies which ingest the extracellular bacteria |
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What are CD4 and CD8 referred to as co receptors?
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Because they bind to a conserved part of the MHC molecule that is prsenting the peptide and the CD4 and CD8 molecules bind to the same MHC protein that the TCR is binding to.
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What is the decision to differentiate to a TH1 or TH2 cell influenced by?
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The cytokine produced by macrophages and dendritic cells during an infection (cytokines produced by the cells of the innate immune response)
*note that the cyokine exposure only affects activated T cells |
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What are naive CD4 T Helpers aka Tho cells
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They are t cells that are unstimulated and they are uncommited with respect to being Th1 type or TH2 type T helper cells.
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How is the innate immune response important in the differientation of the T helper cells to TH1 and TH2?
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Macrophages, denderitic cells APC produce different cytokines during an infection in which bacteria replicate outside of the APC versus an infection in which bacteria replicate inside of the APC
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What is IL-12 and IL-18 used for?
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They are produced by macrophages and dendritc cells in the early part of the immune response to viruses and intracellular bacteria infections
-Proliferating CD4 T cells recieving IL-12 and Il-18 will develop into Th1 type of helper T cells |
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What does IL-4 do?
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They are produced by mast cells and differentiate CD4 T cells into Th2 cells
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What is the function Th1 cells?
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Responsible for many cell-mediated activites
-One example is the activation of macrophages infected with bacteria -Activated macrophages can more efficiently kil intracellular bacteria -Also involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and the activation of CTLs |
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What does the TH2 cell do?
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Helps B cells produce antibodies
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