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208 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is the purpose of formation flying?
Mutuial support, increase mission effectiveness
What are #1 and #2 responsibilities for formation radio procedures?
#1 - talk, squawk, keep flight on right freq, radio discipline

# 2 - Monitor, respond to #1, radio discipline
What is radio discipline?
only using the radio for mission nessisisity
What is the most important consideration when giving visuial signals in formation?
It must be seen
Hand signal for Echelon turn?
pinky and for finger extended, move from head to arm extended
You are in fingertip on the left side and #1 dips his wing to the right, what do you do as #2?
cross under
What is the signal for radio trandsmitter failure?
Tap mask, wave hand infront of mask
How does #1 signal for a Fuel Check?
Drink your thumb
How do you give the speed brake signal?
Bite the air with your hand
How does #1 signal the completion of the climb check
?
cup hand on mask give "ok" sign
Formation checks are normially completed in what position?
route
What are the unique challanges of clearing when in formation?
too much divided attention and less manuverable
Which air crew is responsible for keeping the formaiton with in the MOA and accomplishing the profile?
the formation leader
whats ways can #2 help #1 keeping the formation within the MOA and accomplish the mission profile?
By always being aggressive and being ready
what should you do if there is a hazard that has been created in the formation?
call KIO (knock it Off)
#2 calls terminate to get back in position... when can normial manuvering restart?
when #2 calls " X2's in"
When are the three times that the #1 position should be offered to the dammaged ac?
when the emergency happens, on recovery in VMC, and on final with the field in sight
(T/F) if the formation has a mid air collision the two ac should remain togeather and for support?
False. get seperate areas and seperate chase ships
whats does formation flying build in the individuial flight memebers?
comfiedence, teamwork, aggressiveness, self disapline.
What are two ways that #1 can call for a radio change?
hand signal, or over the radio
What do the letters of HEFOE mean?
Hydro Ele Fuel Ox Eng
is #1 required to give the "grear down" signal during a formation landing?
Yes
What is the Pitch out signal?
same as engine runup and engine start signal
hand signal for 9?
four fingers held parellel to the canopy rail
how does #1 tell #2 to rejoin or tighten up formation?
with a slow wing rock
How does #1 tell #2 to go to route position?
Push them with your hand
Which crew member will answer radio calls?
#1
How do you signal KIO if the radio is out?
a continous wing rock
(T/F) the flight lead changes as the mission goes on?
false, #1 is just a position not the "flight lead" who ever gets the odd call sigh is the flight lead
#1 top priorities are?
clearing for the flight, planning the mission flow and monitoring #2
what are the responcibilitys of #1
clear for the formation
plan ahead of the ac
monitor #2
navigate
communicate
#2 top priorities are?
maintain flight path deconfliction and proper position as directed by #1
What are the basic responcibilitys of #2
do not hit 1
keep 1 in sight
be in position and on frequency
clear for the formation
back up 1
if #1 loses sight of #2, what is the radio call to find him?
"Cs 2, posit"
-- response--
"Cs 2, 5 o'clock low 500 ft"
can any two formations that are airborne have the same prefix in their call sign?
nope
respond to this call as #2:

"Texan 11 go chanel 5 victor"
"2"
respond to this call as #2:

"Texan 11 push channel 5"
no responce
(T/F) if #1 sends you to the wrong freq you should correct him, help him out and just go to the right one so when he checks in everything will be back on track?
False. go to the wrong one, stay there, he will come get you
when is the only time that the word "lead" can be used over the radio ?
when preforming a lead change

ex. texan 2 you have the lead on the right
unless on recovery which aircraft is resopnsible for joker and bingo fuel?
#2
#2 can report same if their fuel and g's are with in
fuel 50lbs and g's .5
how do you perform a battle damage check?
#2 climbs to see the opsit wing tip then decends, performs a cross under, and then climbs to see the oppsit wing tip again then gives the approprate signal.... #2 takes lead and then #1 does the same
do you have to do a lead change during a battle damage check?
no,brief that when #2 does the check have the PNF check #2 while he flys around #1
what are the factors that would cause some one to call KIO (bumsword)
Borders - Bingo
Unscheduled flight enters the moa
Min (alt, range, fuel, wx, cloud)
SA is lost
Wing rocking from any ac
Over (G, speed, manuver limit)
Radio failure
Dangerous situation (300 bubble, forward of the 3-9 line)
(catch all= if anyone calls kio)
what are the 4 things you do after a KIO call
clear the flight path, cease manuvering, acknowladge with callsighn, obtain verbal clearence before resumeing
what is the turn for a lost wingman,,,
15 deg for 15 sec. then roll out and go straight
what will you break out for...? (shit)
Sa is lost ... where is #1?
Hazard to the formation
Infront of #1
Told to
if #1 directs #2 to do something with a hand signal, how will #2 respond?
with a hand signal.... if by radio, then respond by radio
(T/F) if only one ac has TAS then it is that ac that keeps the squalk and collision avoidence the whole time?
true
HCA is?
Heading crossing angle. differnece between flight paths headings
AA is?
Aspect angle. expressed in degreese off the tail in 10 increments....6o clock is 0 180 is off the nose
LOS is?
line of sight, how you see another ac
POM is?
Plane of motion, it is the plane that the ac's flight path
Lead pursuit
nose reaching infront of the flight path
Pure pursuit
Nose pointing at the air craft
Lag pursuit
Nose pointing aft of the ac chasing
t-6 turn rate is how many degreese per second
3
what is the position of fingertip?
30 degreese off 3/9 line, 10 feet from wingtip spacing, slightly below
max bank angle in route position?
60
route spacing is?
2 ship widths no further than 500ft, and no farther aft than 30 off the 3/9 line, level
line abrest spacing?
3/9 line to 10 degreese off, 2 ship widths apart
(T/F) the size of the wing dip for the cross under signal should be proportinal to the spacing that #2 has?
True
will all turns in route be echelon turns?
yes, only in fingertip do you have the option not to
what is the rejoin airspeed..
180 area
200 departure
230 recovery
whats the critical area in a turning rejoin
it is 300 to 500 feet from #1, it is where normal references become visible
where does #2 rejoin on a straight ahead? turning rejoin?
on the left for a straight ahead, on the inside for a turning
how much closure do u need for a rejoin?
recomended 10 - 15 knots
during a turning rejoin... if you over shoot you will fly no higher than
route echelon
(T/F) #2 will call "in" when #1 says go fighting wing?
False, only call in for ET and close trail exersises
Where is the fighting wing cone?
30 deg to 500ft and 45 deg to 1000 ft
if ac are beyond visuial range when do you start engines?
at a set time (FL dictated)
the stagger for the taxi #1 should be ?
#1 on downwind. (skinny side of the wind sock)
what are the three options to get a formation airborne?
1 wing t/o
2 interval t/o
3 instrument trail departure
place #2 on the upwind side of the rwy if the x wind component is greater than?
5 knots (place #2 on fat side of the wind sock)
What is the spacing for a wing t/o?
20 ft
#1 power setting for a wing t/o
85-95
when does #1 retract gear on a wing t/o
when at 110 knots min
how long does #2 wait to perform a interval t/o
6 seconds
on a intervall t/o when does #1 reduce power to 85-95?
at 160 kias
for a instrument departure the spacing should be no less than?
20 seconds
what will #1 AND #2 do when climbing out on a instrument departure
call out even thousand feet... bc ac #2 needs to maintain 1,000 ft spacing from #1
what are to torqe setting for wing work in the low area.....high area?
low 50-55
high 55-60
how many degreese does #1 bank in a pitch out?
60
how long does #2 wait in a pitch out untill rejoining?
2-3 sec or as briefed
on recoveries what is the min power setting?
20% ( may use the sb and high power settings if you need to slow more)
how much time does #2 wait to break after #1
min of 5 sec
#1 will land on what side? #2?
#1 on cold
#2 on hot
if #2 overtakes #1 on t/o roll whats does he do?
continues the t/o and follows #1 directions
whats is the signal for attention in the air
rappid shallow wing rock
ET manuvering distance limit is?
500ft slant range
(T/F) ET is only done in two ship formations?
true
what is the min airspeed for ET?
100 knots
ET level 1
stable turns, 30-60 deg of bank, 2g's, fixed 50%tq
ET level 2
turns and mod lazy 8's, 120deg of bank, mod g loading, 85% in low area and max in high area
ET level 3
cuban 8 loop cloverleaf barrel roll, bank as required, g as required, 85% low and max high
Radio call for #2 to go ET
"Wire 2, go ET level (1,2,3)"
is there a post ET check?
yes! it is the ops check fuel n g's
(T/F) you have to stay in fingertip on recovery
False, can make 2 go fighting wing or route to help clear and manuver
the min alt for a lead change
500 ft agl
Do not initate a lead change with a wing man further back than _____ or _____ position or greater than ______ of bank from line abreast
normal finger tip, route, 30
(T/F) do not do a lead change unless you can safely do so.
true
Two ship formation t/o require a rwy that is at least _____ feet wide
150
to do a wing t/o the weather must be
greater than or equal to the PWC, circling mins, OR 500ft and 1.5mi (w.e is greatest)
less then 15 Xwind
no standing snow,ice, watter
to preform a intervall t/o the weather must be
1500 and 3
a night 2 ship formation (will/will not) cruise in IMC but (may/may not) climb or decend through IMC
will not, may
planned formation low approaches will not go any lower than?
100 feet agl (1400msl)
2 ship formation landings require a rwy width of ?
150 ft
formation instrument approaches the wx must be ______ w.e is highest
PWC or 500 and 1.5
what wx is required to preform the drag manuver?
1500 and 3
what is the min spacing in the drag maneuver?
3,000ft (any time spacing is in question, wing man will go missed approach or go around)
(T/F) are you allowed to s turn on final to increase spacing from #1?
False
for the drag manuver #1 will slow to final app speed no later than?
3nm from the runway
fingertip manuvering will limit air speed to ____ min , _____ deg of bank, and _____ g's.
120, 90, 2-3
how do you get a change in lead from ET?
tell #2 to "check 45/30" after you both turn you become LAB
route manuvering will limit max _____ deg of bank
60
echelon manuvering will limit max _____ deg of bank
60
Close trail limit maneuvering to modified lazy 8's using ____ knots min, _____ deg of bank, and _____ g's
120, 90, 2-3
what is the min air speed for ET?
100 knots
where is a chase ac cleared to if needed?
30-60 deg cone 1,000 feet apart
all formation memebers will monitor atis and be ready to checkin on vhf descrete and uhf ch.2 no later than ___ mins after engine start.
5 (if #2 has not completed all his checks the he will call (CS 2 needs X minutes")
if an instrument formation departure is used #1 will have to do what?
coordinate for a 1,000 altitude block to use for a rejoin
who gets flight lead?
it is the ip with the highest qualifications, highest rank, most t-6 hours
what is admin lead?
admis lead is used to pass lead responsibilities to another member of the flight.
what is nav lead?
nav lead is used when current admin lead wants the wingman to navigate and clear.
when will #1 check #2 it see if he auto changed to ch 4 passing the last row of the 38's or 6's?
before the over speed govonor check
if IMC which side of the runway do you place #2 on t/o
on the outside of the first turn
if vmc and crosswinds are below 5 knots, what side do you place #2?
on the inside of the first turn
instruments trail departures, #2 will wait 20 sec to t/o behind #1 and squawk?
0100
rejoins are made at what air speed and what bank?
... unless on recovery, then rejoins will be at?
180, 30.....230
what side do you reform to from the fighting wing position?
the side that you are on
as #2 when do you not have to acknowledge #1 with a head nod or thumbs up?
if #1 can immediately see #2 understanding of the signal, then the movemet of #2 ac satifies the requirement of visual acknowladgement
after a KIO call what do you have to do if it was you who called the KIO
?
State the reasion why you gave the KIO call
all aborts prior to brake release will be sympathetic... what does that mean?
you will wait for the other fomation memeber to get a new jet, fix the problem, etc... untill there is insufficient time then you will continue on a alt mission
how will aborts be conducted if on a intervall t/o
if #1 is aborting then you will not start the t/o, but if you are rolling then you will continue with the t/o unless safty dictates otherwise.
if blind where will #1 and #2 go?
#1 climb/decend to the nearest odd numberd vfr alt

#2 will go even

both will then circle at the center raidal and dme with right hand turns
if you lost your wing man, and havev no comms the DA ac will recover ___ mins from the comm out or ____lbs above bingo... the good ac will recover____mins after the com out and ____ lbs above bingo or when atc can make spacing w.e occors first
10, 100.......15,0
what are the standard perameters for a fomation?
6,000ft hoz 100ft vert ....#2 sq 0100 if out side of this
(T/F) during a cross under it is permissible to pass slightly under the #1 ac
False
a good reference to ensure proper nose-tail clearence is to have the canopy bow superemposed on the ______
trailing edge of #1's elevator
during a turn away from # 2 in route formation, number 2 should maintain the same vertical references as ____
echelon
as #1, if #2 calls breakout and you do not have him in sight you should____
continue current manuver with current power setting
as #2 on a wing formation t/o, maintain _____ position untill the gear and flaps are retracted
stack level
one of the primary cockpit references for the 30deg lateral fingertip line is to superimpose _____
#1 aft wingtip light on the center front edge of the engine exhaust stack opening.
what is the order that you want to correct back if you are out of position in fingertip in all thress axes?
up and down, fore and aft, then spacing in and out
to maneuver in relation to another aircraft, you will control the placement and magnitude of the _____ and ______ vectors
lift; velocity
how do you convert aspect angle to aspect?
drop the last diget (Ex. 120 aspect angle is 12 aspect)
______pursuit increases aspect angle and closure, while _____ pursuit decreases aspect angle and closure>
Lead, Lag
(T/F) the pitchout is a precision maneuver that requires a constant airspeed and altitude to be maintained throuout the manuever
False
what are the responcibilitys of #2 during a pitch out?
#2 should keep track of #1, clear, match #1 trun, roll out behind and slightly below #1
is there a radio call required when the rejoin airspeed has greater than 10 knots?
yes
in formation the NORDO aircraft should normially be given or retain the ____ position
#2
how do you go lost wingman if you are #2 wingls level in a decent or a climb?
turn away from #1's last known position of 15deg for 15 sec then resume course
how do you go lost wingman if you are #2 and are on the outside of a turn climbing or decending?
you will reverse the turn to the outside (roll farther away from #1) of 15 deg for 15 sec
how do you go lost wing man if you are #2 on the inside of the turn?
tell #1 to roll out and you will reduce power stay in the bank
(T/F) practice lost wingman procedures can be initiated by either #1 or 2?
False, they are always started with #1
#1 will advance the power to ____% to preform a formation missed approach
75
When accomplishing a turning or a straight ahead rejoin, #2 should ____
stabilise in the rute position before going to fingertip
where should #2 be on recovery?
on the outside of the turns
during a formation landing #1 should plan to land_____ft down the runway
1000
What is the primary means of communication?
voice is the primary method of communication betw the pilot and its crew members. crew members will repete the pilots instructions before executing them.
(T/F) visuial signals reduce radio comm and permit pilots to comm during peroids of radio sclience.
True
should you use the radio when time is critical and visuial signals are creating confusion
yes
When should night visuial signals be given?
when the ac is in distress and unable to communicate useing radios
What must be available at night when giving hand signals?
flashlight
what are the five times that non-standard flight permited?
- when permited by atc
- operating within an authorised altitude reservation
- operating under the provisions of a letter of agreement
- operating in airspace specifically desighned for a special activity
- operating under vfr
what 6 factors contribute to the potential for a mid air collision?
- failure of lead to properly clear or visually monitor wingman during cirtical phases of flight - such as rejoins or trail
- failure to execute lost wingman procedures promptly and correctly if visuial contact is lost in IMC
- failure to recognise excessive overtake
- failure to maintain lateral or vertical seperation
- failure to concider the effects of vorticies
Do we have to do a BD check each ride?
we SHOULD but dont have to
When will terminate be used? BOOT
Bingo is reched
Objectives are met
Out of position
Told
how close will rejoins be made by wing if #1 doesent have you in sight?
route
What is the min separation that the wingman should maintain untill directed to rejoin after a "lost sight" situation?
1,000ft
What should happen if both aircraft hit birds?
lead will arrange for seperate chase ships
How should you land if visibility is restricted?
a formation wing landing
Who should lead if one ac has a physi?
the physi ac, but dont get to close, he might do something cRaZe
what actions should be taken if one ac has to eject.
- stay 1nm and 1000 above
- set and check bingo fuel
- make contact with downed pilot on 243.0 then switch to 282.8
- Mark aircrew position with radial dme, ground reference, gps cords or ident
- call sof about location, number of parachutes and loiter time
what is the definition of angle off (HCA)
angular difference between the longitiudinal axis of the wingman and the longitudinal axis of the lead....
what is the definition of aspect angle?
angle measured from the tail of the lead to the position of the wingman expressed in degreese off the lead in mulitples of 10..... aspect angle is not a clock position
how much nose tail clearence is required during a overshoot?
2 ship lengths
what is the clound clearence required for ET
3mi clear
what do the standards say about 1 monitoring during et? and y?
lead should monitor 2's performance, because 1 should not exceed his abilitys or creat a bad situation by aggressively manuvering
what are the 248's safty rules on ET? (5)
- call KIO inside the 300 ft "bubble", forward the 3-9 line or less than 100kias
- abrupt turn reversials are prohibited
-two ship only
- min airspeed is 100 kts
- do not manuver over the top in level 3 if 1 is blind or 2 is not in position to go over the top
From what positions may lead initate close trail?
fingertip, echelon or route
during a instrument penetration, what is leads least recomemded amount of Tq?
10%
how will you execute a formation circle approach?
lead will clear off 2 and proceed expeditiously to a .5 mi final, wing will lag as required to establish spacing for the landing behind the other ac
Solo students will not fly:
Actual or simulated instrument approaches and landings as lead or wing.
Close trail as wingman.
Practice lost wingman procedures while on the wing.
Barrel rolls or over-the-top maneuvers while on the wing.
For wing takeoff’s, add _____ feet to the charted takeoff distance. This assumes a lead power setting of no less than ____%.
1000, 85
Which frequency changes are made automatically?
Ground to Tower/RSU
Tower/RSU to Ground
Approach to Discrete
Discrete to Approach
If taxiing back from the center runway, the #__ aircraft will automatically contact Eastside with callsign and tail numbers and then switch back to UHF ground.
2
Rejoins enroute to the Area will be flown at ____ KIAS. Rejoins performed on recover will be flown at _____ KIAS
200, 230
What is the correct order to correct position?
STACK-LINE-CLOSURE
What actions do you take when you assume lead?
Turn transponder to ALT, turn NACWS to ON
. Route formation can be used to _____.
Allow wing to check systems
Give time for wingman to relax
Perform in-flight checks
As lead, if wing calls breakout and you do not have them in sight, you should _____.
Continues the current maneuver with the current power setting (be predictable)
. As wingman on a wing formation takeoff, maintain _____ position until gear and flaps are retracted.
Stack level
As wingman during a position change, you become the new lead when ______.
You acknowledge the position change with a head nod or radio call
What is the proper spacing after a pitchout?
2-3 second delay = 500-1000 foot spacing
5-7 second delay = 1500-2000 foot spacing
Place lead 1-2 ship widths above the horizon
What are the parameters for close trail position?
1-2 Aircraft lengths behind lead, just below leads wake turbulence and prop wash
What actions should lead and wing take when in a lost wingman situation on final approach?
Momentarily turn away. Climb to FAF or glideslope intercept altitude
What actions should lead and wing take when in a lost wingman situation on missed approach?
Momentarily turn away. Fly published missed approach to 500ft above published altitude
What is the minimum torque in the traffic pattern?
20%
In a NORDO situation IMC, how does wing know he has clearance to land?
When lead clears wing off with a visual signal (salute)
What are the responsibilities of Flight Lead?
Overall planning, briefing, execution, and debriefing of the flight
What are the minimums for monitoring a wingman who has ejected (RESCAP)?
1000’ Above/ 1NM Lateral Spacing
Don’t overfly bingo/Don’t underfly parachutes
What are the priorities of a formation breakout?
(1) Ensure safe separation, (2) establish appropriate communications, and (3) get the formation back together
The deconfliction exercise is started from _____ and with no less than approximately _____ feet of lateral separation.
LAB; 2000
When directed to take spacing for the lead/lag pursuit exercise, #2 should establish a stabilized position _____.
1,500 feet at #1’s 6 o’clock
During the deconfliction exercise, when #1 gives the command of execution, #2 will acknowledge that call then both aircraft will begin the exercise by initiating and maintaining a _____ degree bank turn into each other.
15
What are the “knock it off”/ ”terminate” actions?
Clear the flightpath
Cease maneuvering and climb or descend to a safe altitude
Maintain visual
Acknowledge with a call sign
When must u be stack level on a formation landing
Between glide path intercept or vmc and 1/2 mi from the runway