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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two physiological determinants of MAP?
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Cardiac output
Total peripheral resistance |
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What are the two physical determinants of pulse pressure?
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Arterial compliance
Change in arterial volume |
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What are the three factors that control blood pressure?
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Heart rate
Stroke volume Vessel diameter |
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What do baroreceptors detect?
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Rapid changes in pressure and volume
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Where are two most important high-pressure loci?
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The carotid sinus
The aortic arch |
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Where are the cell bodies of the nerves that form the baroreceptors?
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In a ganglia near the brain stem (CN IX)
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What pressure ranges can the baroreceptors monitor?
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Aorta: 100 - 200 mmHg
Carotid: 50 - 200 mmHg |
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What factor will cause increased baroreceptor activity?
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Increased arterial pressure
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Where can you find A-type low-pressure baroreceptors?
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in the body of the right atrium
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Where can you find B-type low-pressure baroreceptors?
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In the IVC and SVC
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Why are chemoreceptors sensitive?
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High rates of oxygen consumption
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How does the chemoreceptors respond to a decrease in oxygen?
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Increase vasoconstriction/resistance
Increase arterial pressure |
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At what threshold will the chemoreceptors trigger hyperventilation?
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60 mmHg oxygen
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When do peripheral chemoreceptors influence the cardiovascular system?
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During severe hypoxia
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When are chemoreceptors most active?
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At low MAP (80 mmHg or below)
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What structure controls breathing? What does it respond to?
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Chemoreceptor in the medulla
CO2 and H+ |
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What is the purpose of hyper or hypoventilation?
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To move PCO2 towards normal
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What three structures are effected by angiotensin II?
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Adrenal cortex
Renal proximal tubule Arterioles |
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What triggers aldosterone and where is it released from?
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Angiotensin II
Adrenal cortex |
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What does aldosterone do?
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Caused the kidney to retain sodium and water
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What is the Cushing Response?
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A sympathetic response (vasoconstriction in peripheral vessels) to intracranial pressure that collapses the cerebral arteries.
Hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory depression. |
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What would cause the release of vasopressin (ADH)?
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Hemorrhage
Low BP |
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What is the function of vasopressin (ADH)?
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Vasoconstriction
Increase water reabsorption |
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What compound will inhibit renin secretion?
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Atrial natriuretic peptide
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What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?
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Causes vasorelaxation
Decreases peripheral resistance Increase sodium/water excretion |
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What causes the release of atrial natriuretic peptide?
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increased atrial pressure
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What is the cause of primary or essential hypertension (90%)?
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Unknown
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What is Conn's syndrome?
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Hypersecretion of aldosterone
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In essential hypertension, what is always altered?
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Vascular tone of peripheral vessels
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