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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What vessels store blood during systole to supply continuous flow to capillaries?
Arteries
Which vessels help control cardiac output?
Veins
What vessels store blood during systole to supply continuous flow to capillaries?
Arteries
Which vessels help control cardiac output?
Veins
What are the three layers of a vessel?
Intima
Media
Adventitia
Why are the walls of the veins thin?
Very low pressure in the venous system
Is the pressure in the large veins greater or lesser than the right atrium?
greater. Fluid will always for from high pressure to low pressure.
What equations define compliance?
C = dV/dP
C = D x V
What factors alter compliance?
Volume
Pressure
What vessels are the most distensible?
veins
How much more distensible are veins than their corresponding arteries?
8 times
What is the volume difference of a vein and its corresponding artery?
Vein has 3 times more volume
What is the compliance of a vein in relation to its corresponding artery?
24 times greater

C = D x V
C = 8 x 3
Comparing the arterial and venous systems, how will a change in volume effect the pressure? Why?
Arterial system: dramatic change in the pressure

Venous system: dampened response. No dramatic shift in pressure.

Compliance is much higher in the venous system, allowing greater distensibility.
Describe delayed compliance.
A change in volume will cause a spike in the pressure. Delayed compliance allows the vessels to distend and lower the pressure towards normal. Same is true for a loss of pressure.
Why would blood only flow through the capillaries during diastole?
Inelastic vessels lack compliance which would allow continuous flow.
Which are more responsive to sympathetic nerve stimulation, arteries or veins?
Veins are more responsive to
sympathetic hyperactivity
(i.e. during stress, hemorrhage, exercise) than arteries.
Where is central venous pressure taken?
At the right atrium
What is the central venous pressure?
The filling pressure of the right heart
What is the determinant of the preload of the right ventricle and ultimately stroke volume?
Central Venous Pressure
How is central venous pressure increased?
1. Increase in venous volume
2. Decrease in venous compliance
What is the first response to increased central venous pressure?
Increase in the right ventricular stroke volume.
What is the effect of increased right ventricular stroke volume?
Increased cardiac output by the right heart and accumulation of blood in the pulmonary vasculature.
What four cardiac parameters are effected with an increase in blood volume?
increased mean systemic pressure
increased venous return
increased right atrial pressure
increased cardiac output
What seven factors effect venous return?
Blood volume
Systemic pressure
Venous tone
Movement of skeletal muscles
Intrapleural pressure
Venous valves
Suction of relaxed atrium
What factors aid the return of blood to the heart?
Large diameter veins
one-way valves
muscle contractions
respiration
How does a hemorrhage effect central venous pressure?
From 0 mm Hg normal to -3 to -5 mm Hg
How does CHF or a massive blood transfusion effect central venous pressure?
Dramatic increase in CVP.

20-30 mm Hg
What does Toricceli's law state?
Pressure at the surface of a body of water is equal to the atmospheric pressure, but the pressure rises below the surface.
How is the hydrostatic column of blood interrupted to reduce pressure?
With one-way valves