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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the atypical cervical vertebrae?
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C1, C2, C7
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What are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?
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T1, T9-T12
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What are the atypical lumbar vertebrae?
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L5
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What are the types of joints?
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Synarthrosis and Diarthrosis
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What is a Non synovial joint classified as?
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Synarthrosis
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What are the types of synarthrotic joints?
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Fibrous and Cartilagenous
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What are the types of fibrous joints?
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Suture, Gomphosis, Syndesmosis
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What are the types of Cartilaginous joints?
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Primary and Secondary cartilagenous
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What is another term for a primary cartilaginous joint?
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Synchondrosis
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What is another term for a secondary cartilaginous joint?
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Symphysis
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What material is used in synchondrotic joints?
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Hyaline cartilage
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What material is used in symphysis joints?
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fibrocartilage
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Is the intervertebral joint uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial
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NONE! secondary cartilaginous aren't freely moveable
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Classify the intervertebral joint
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secondary cartilaginous, synarthrotic, synchondrosis, amphiarthrotic
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What is unique about diarthrotic joints?
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They contain a joint capsule
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What is articular cartilage typically composed of?
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Hyaline Cartilage
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What are the joint exceptions to the hyaline cartilage?
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articular discs, sacroiliac joint, temporomandibular joint, sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint
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what is the most freely moveable joint in the body?
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Glenohumeral joint
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Where is the glenohumeral joint the weakest?
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Inferiorly
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Classify the atlanto-occipital joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, hinge/ginglymus,uniaxial
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Is the occipito-axial complex a joint?
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No, there is no direct articulation with the occiput
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What ligaments form the occiptio-axial complex?
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membrana-tectoria, alar ligaments, Apical ligament, Cruciate ligament
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Classify the atlantoaxial joint
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synovial, diarthrotic, 1st joint: plane, gliding, 2nd joint: trochoid, pivot, uniaxial
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What ligaments are associated with the atlanto-axial joint
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anterior atlanto-axial ligament, posterior atlanto-axial ligament
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What ligament is the superior continuation of the ligamentum flava?
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posterior atlantoaxial ligament
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classify the Joint of Lushka
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Synovial, diarthrosis
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Where are the uncinate processes located?
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C3-C6 on the superior aspect of the body of the vertebrae
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Classify the zygapophyseal joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, plane, gliding, multiaxial
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What is the zygapophyseal joint also known as?
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Z-joint, facet joints, interlaminar joints, apophyseal joints
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classify the sacroiliac joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, (fibrocartilage)
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What is the Logan Basic Technique based on?
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the Sacrotuberous ligaments
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Classify the temperomandibular joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, hinge/ginglymus (lower), gliding/plane (upper)
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What is the TMJ innervated by?
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mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
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What percentage of the population over 60 has symptoms of DJD of the TMJ?
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80-90%
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What is the cause of osteoarthritis of the TMJ and is it usually unilateral or bilateral?
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multiple microtraumas and unilateral
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Classify the sternoclavicular joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, sellar/saddle, multiaxial
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Classify the sternocostal joint of rib 1
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primary cartilaginous, synchondrosis
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classify the sternocostal joint of ribs 2-7
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synovial, diarthrodial
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Classify the interchondral joints
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synovial, diarthrodial
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classify the costovertebral joints
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synovial diarthrodial
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Which ribs only articulate with one vertebral body?
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1,10,11,and 12th ribs
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What ligament is associated with the costovertebral joints?
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Radiate/stellate ligament-superior, intermediate, inferior
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classify the costotransverse joints
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synovial. diarthrodial, some gliding
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What ribs don't posess articular tubercles or form costotransverse joints?
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The last two ribs
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classify the manubriosternal joint
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secondary cartilaginous, symphysis, amphiarthrotic
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What is the manubriosternal joint also termed?
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symphysis sternii
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classify the xiphisternal joint
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primary cartilaginous, synchondrosis, synarthrotic
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Define synostosis
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fusion of bone usually later on in life
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classify the glenohumeral joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, ball and socket, spheroid, multiaxial
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What ligaments are associated with the glenohumeral joint?
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coracohumeral ligament, glenohumeral ligament, and the transverse humeral retinaculum
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What is the glenohumeral joint superiorly protected by?
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the acromion, coracoid process, lateral aspect of the clavicle
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What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?
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To rotate the humerus
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Where is the glenoid labrum and what is its function?
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around the glenoid fossa and it increased the contact surface of the bones
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What are the bursae associated with the glenohumeral joint named?
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subacromial and subdeltoid bursa
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What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
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SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
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classify the acromioclavicular joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, plane, multiaxial
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What is the primary function for the acromioclavicular joint?
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to maintain the relationship between the clavicle and the scapula in the early stages of upper limb elevation
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What is the cubital joint also named?
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elbow joint, humeroulnar joint, and humeroradial joint
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Is it possible to remove the radius from the cubital joint and still have a functional joint?
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YES
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classify the cubital joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, ginglymus, hinge, uniaxial
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What ligament provides medial stability to the cubital joint and what shape is it
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ulnar (medial) collateral ligament-triangular shaped
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What ligament encircles the head of the radius?
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Annular ligament
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What bursa is present on the posterior side of the elbow?
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Olecranon bursa
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What is the orientation of the cubital fossa?
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Anterior
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what ligament provides lateral stability to the cubital joint and what shape is it
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radial (lateral) collateral ligament-fan shaped
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classify the proximal radioulnar joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, trochoid, pivot, uniaxial
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classify the metacarpophalangeal joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, biaxial, condyloid, ellipsoidal
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classify the metatarsophalangeal joint
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synovial diarthrodial biaxial condyloid
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classify the interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet
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synovial diarthrodial hinge ginglymus uniaxial
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classify the symphysis pubis
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secondary cartilaginous, symphasis, amphiarthrotic
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What ligaments are present at the symphysis pubis?
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superior pubic ligament, inferior pubic ligament, posterior ligament
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classify the coxofemoral joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, multiaxial, ball and socket, spheroid
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what are the extrinsic ligaments of the coxal joint
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iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres (round ligament)
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what are the intrinsic ligaments of the coxal joint
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intrinsic ligament, transverse acetabular ligament
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what does the ligamentum teres contain?
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the acetabular notch of the obturator artery
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what is the significance of the acetabular branch of the obturator artery and what occurs if it is blocked in the coxofemoral joint?
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It is the primary blood supply to the femur. Without it: avascular necrosis of the femur head
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What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?
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the tibiofemoral (stifle) joint
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classify the tibiofemoral joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, biaxial, modified hinge, double condyloid (2 condyloid processes of femur)
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What occurs during hyperextension of the knee as the foot is on the ground?
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medial rotation of femur
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What occurs during hyperextension of the knee as the foot is not on the ground?
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lateral rotation of the tibia
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Is there rotation at the talocrural joint?
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NO
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What gives anterior stability to the knee?
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lateral and medial patellar retinacula
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Where is the joint capsule located in the knee?
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posterior however the lateral patellar retinaculum serves as anterior joint capsule
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What ligaments prevent hyperextension of the knee?
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oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament
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What is the most commonly damaged ligament of the knee?
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medial (tibial) collateral ligament
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Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
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the anterior portion of the tibia
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what is the purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament?
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to prevent anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
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Is the ACL pulled taut during flexion or extension?
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extension
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Is the PCL pulled taut during flexion or extension?
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flexion
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What test determines a torn ACL or PCL
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anterior drawer sign or posterior drawer sign
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Is the PCL larger and more oblique or shorter and less oblique than the ACL?
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shorter and less oblique than ACL
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Which is more common, an ACL or PCL tear?
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Anterior cruciate ligament
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"Housemaid's knees" refers to what?
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The inflammation of the prepatellar bursa located between the patella and the skin
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What bursa is between the quadriceps tendon and the anterior femur?
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suprapatellar bursa
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What is damaged in the knee when a clicking is heard upon movement?
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the medial meniscus
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what is most commonly damaged in the menisci of the knee?
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anterior horn
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classify the talocrural joint
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synovial, diarthrodial, hing, uniaxial
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What joint is responsible for the inversion/eversion of the foot?
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intertarsal joint and tarsometatarsal joint
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what ligaments stabilize the ankle joint?
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deltoid (medial collateral) and lateral collaterol ligaments
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What ligaments make up the deltoid/medial collateral ligament of the talocrural joint?
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posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar
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What ligaments make up the lateral collateral ligaments?
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anterior and posterior talfibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament
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Define synarthrosis
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two bones that form the joint are joined together
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define synostosis
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joined with bone
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define synchondrosis
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joined with cartilage
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Define symphysis
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growing together
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Define strain
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stretched or pulled muscle
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Define sprain
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injured ligament fibers but main body of ligament remains intact
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Define luxation
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derangemnt of articulating bones that compose a joint
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Define osteoarthritis
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degerative joint disease
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Define subluxation
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a partial dislocation of a joint
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Define Rheumatoid arthritis
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an autoimmune disease where the body attacks itself
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Define Gouty arthritis
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abnormal accumulation ofuric acid
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Who suffers from Gouty arthritis most?
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Men
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What is the most common area on the body affected by Gouty arthritis?
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Big Toe
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How many mL are in 1cc?
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1cc=1ml=1gram of water
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How many cc's are in 1 tsp and 1Tbsp respectively?
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5cc=1tsp 15cc=1tbsp
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Convert 1 cup into ounces and pints
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1 cup = .5 pint = 8oz.
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convert 1 meter into cm, mm and feet
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1m=100cm=1000mm=3.28ft
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convert 1 grain into milligrams
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1 grain=64.8mg
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How many pounds are in a kilogram?
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2.2lb=1kg
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