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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the major risk factors associated with Breast Cancer?
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1) Increasing age
2) Estrogen exposure 3) FHx or Personal Hx of Breast CA 4) Early menarche 5) Nulliparous 6) Late menopause |
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How are Breast CAs typically detected?
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* Routine mammography
* Palpable mass, nipple discharge * Breast pain (rare) * Erythematous nipple/skin rash |
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What's the difference between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma?
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In Situ Carcinoma has not yet penetrated the basement membrane.
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What are the morphologic features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ?
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Linear, branching and/or pleomorphic calcifications
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What are the morphologic features of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ?
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Monomorphic, not cohesive, expanding a lobule or up a duct.
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What are the morphologic features of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ?
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* Small, round bland nuclei
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How are breast cancers graded? Staged?
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* Grading = nuclear grade, tubule formation, mitotic activity (Nottingham grade)
* Staging = tumor size, lymph node invasion, metastasis |
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What are some of the Prognostic Factors when evaluating breast cancer?
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* Invasion vs. in situ carcinoma
* Presence of distant metastases * Lymph node metastases (both local and distant) * Tumor size * Inflammatory, chest wall or skin invasion (poor outcome) |
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What are two important predictive factors included in breast cancer workups?
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1) Hormone receptor status
2) HER2 Status |
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What is the most common cause of a breast mass in women younger than 25 years?
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Fibroadenoma
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This tumor is a large, bulky mass of variable malignancy with ulceration of overlying skin. What is it?
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Phyllodes Tumor
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What benign tumor may cause serous or bloody nipple discharge?
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Intraductal Papilloma.
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What stromal breast tumor occurs spontaneously as a result of radiation therapy?
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Angiosarcoma
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