Syspath - Breast Cancer

Front 1

What are the major risk factors associated with Breast Cancer?

Back 1

1) Increasing age
2) Estrogen exposure
3) FHx or Personal Hx of Breast CA
4) Early menarche
5) Nulliparous
6) Late menopause

Front 2

How are Breast CAs typically detected?

Back 2

* Routine mammography
* Palpable mass, nipple discharge
* Breast pain (rare)
* Erythematous nipple/skin rash

Front 3

What's the difference between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma?

Back 3

In Situ Carcinoma has not yet penetrated the basement membrane.

Front 4

What are the morphologic features of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ?

Back 4

Linear, branching and/or pleomorphic calcifications

Front 5

What are the morphologic features of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ?

Back 5

Monomorphic, not cohesive, expanding a lobule or up a duct.

Front 6

What are the morphologic features of Lobular Carcinoma In Situ?

Back 6

* Small, round bland nuclei

Front 7

How are breast cancers graded? Staged?

Back 7

* Grading = nuclear grade, tubule formation, mitotic activity (Nottingham grade)
* Staging = tumor size, lymph node invasion, metastasis

Front 8

What are some of the Prognostic Factors when evaluating breast cancer?

Back 8

* Invasion vs. in situ carcinoma
* Presence of distant metastases
* Lymph node metastases (both local and distant)
* Tumor size
* Inflammatory, chest wall or skin invasion (poor outcome)

Front 9

What are two important predictive factors included in breast cancer workups?

Back 9

1) Hormone receptor status
2) HER2 Status

Front 10

What is the most common cause of a breast mass in women younger than 25 years?

Back 10

Fibroadenoma

Front 11

This tumor is a large, bulky mass of variable malignancy with ulceration of overlying skin. What is it?

Back 11

Phyllodes Tumor

Front 12

What benign tumor may cause serous or bloody nipple discharge?

Back 12

Intraductal Papilloma.

Front 13

What stromal breast tumor occurs spontaneously as a result of radiation therapy?

Back 13

Angiosarcoma