Syntax- Conjunctions And Prepositions

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conjunction

Back 1

relatively small set of words that serve to join words with words, phrases with phrases, and clauses with clauses

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most common conjunction

Back 2

and

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simple conjunctions

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one word, includes and, but, so, and either

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compound conjunctions

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two or more words combined to form one word, such as nevertheless, therefore, thereafter, however

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phrasal conjunctions

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occur as complete phrases; include in other words, that is, even if, as such, and to this end

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coordinating conjunctions

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information on both sides have an equal weight. Include for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so

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FANBOYS

Back 7

nmonic for remembering coordinating conjunctions- for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so.

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conjunctive adverbs

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adverbs that connect two or more independent clauses

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correlative conjunctions

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sets of words that go together in pairs, if the first word is in a sentence the second one must follow. includes both/and, either/or, neither/nor, whether/or, as/as, and if/then

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subordinating conjunctions

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used to connect one clause (a main clause) to another clause (subordinate clause) that has less weight and importance. Examples: after, although, as, because, if, since, though, that, when, until

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when do children begin using their first coordinating conjunction and what is it?

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2 years, "and"

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what comes first- phrasal or clausal coordination?

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phrasal coordinations (two nouns or verb phrases are conjoined- "the baby is screaming and yelling")

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when does the use of "and" substantially increase?

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between the time when the MLU goes from 2.0 to 5.0

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when do children starts to use because

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age 3 or 4, but have difficulty coordinating its use to demonstrate true cause and effect- might say "I fell off my bike because I hurt my leg"

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prepositions

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depict a precise relationship between two sentence units- between 2 or more nouns or pronouns. Creates a relationshp between an antecedent and an object

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What do prepositions modify?

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nouns and verbs

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simple prepositions

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single words, include about, above, across, against, around, before, behind, below, down, by, off, on, out, over etc.

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prepositional adverbs

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provide additional info about verbs in a sentence. includes about, around, above, across, after, by, up, within, etc.
"We walked across the bridge"
"Let's look within ourselves"

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phrasal prepositions

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consist of a group of two or more words, usually adverb plus preposition is the form. includes according to, as for, in comparison with, inside of, outside of, etc.

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prepositional verbs

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formed by combining a verb with a preposition- examples: allow for, run into, pick on, stand for, look at

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what prepositions are required relatively early?

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"in" and "on" in Browns stage II. Often seen in speech of children begining to use three word sentences

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development of prepositions at 36 months

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add "under", "off", "toward", "away from" and "out of". More apt to understand locational prepositions (in, on, under) over ones that represent spatial relations (behind, besides, in front of).

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what % of words do prepositions account for during the preschool period?

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10%, a figure that remains relatively constant into adolescence.

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what % of words do conjunctions account for in children 4-6? in adolescence?

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4-6: 3%, in adolescence: 5%

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examples of additive coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs

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also, and, besides, likewise, moreover, then

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examples of contrasting coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs

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but, however, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, yet

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examples of separative coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs

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or, otherwise

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examples of final coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs

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consequently, for, hence, so, so that, therefore, thus

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what are the categories of coordinating conjunctions and conjunctive adverb categories?

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additive, constrastive, separative, final