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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is any change in the Earth's surface called?
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Deformation
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The footwall moves up and the hanging wall moves down. What type of fault is it?
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Normal Fault
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Explain the stress of shearing.
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Pushes the rocks in two opposite horizontal directions
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If energy builds up in rocks around a fault, what is likely to happen?
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An Earthquake
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What type of stress produces a reverse fault?
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Compression
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What happens in a strike slip fault?
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The rocks slide past each other in opposite directions with little up and down movement
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Why are there a lot of earthquakes along the Pacific coast of North America?
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This is where the Pacific Plate and North American Plate meet
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How do fault block mountains form?
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From normal faults
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How do folded mountains form?
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From reverse faults
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What is the underground point of origin of the earthquake called?
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Focus
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What are the small earthquakes that can follow a larger earthquakes weeks or months later called?
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Aftershocks
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This seismic wave moves the slowest. It causes the most destruction. What is it?
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L Waves/Land Waves/Surface Waves
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What is an upward fold in a layer of rock called?
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Anticline
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What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
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The place on the surface above the focus
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What is a syncline?
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A downward fold in rocks
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These seismic waves push and pull, back and forth. What are they called?
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P-Waves/Primary Waves
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What is a tsunami?
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A large wave of water that is caused by an earthquake
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These seismic waves can only move through solids. They move from side to side. What are they called?
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S-Waves/Secondary Waves
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What is the only seismic wave that can move through liquids?
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P-Waves/ Primary Waves
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What is lava called before it reaches the surface?
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Magma
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Where can you find volcanic belts on the Earth?
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Along plate boundaries/subjuction zones
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What is a hot spot volcano?
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A place not near a plate boundary where volcanoes form because the mantle is hotter in this area and burns through the crust
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What do vocanoes along tow convergent plates of oceanic crust form?
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Island Arcs
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Why does magma flow upwards through cracks in rocks?
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Because it is less dense
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A scientist measures small earthquakes around a volcano. What does that mean?
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The volcanoe will probably erupt soon
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What is the Ring of Fire?
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The volcanoes that form along the edge of the Pacific Plate
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A volcano is likely to erupt in the near future. What do we call it?
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Active
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What is a subduction zone volcano?
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A volcanoe that forms along a converging plate boundary where subduction is occurring
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A volcano will never erupt again. What is it called?
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Extinct
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Why do volcanoes form along plate boundaries?
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Because when the plates collide, one is forced under the other, melts back into the mantle, and magma can force its way upwards
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Groundwater heated by magma forms a(n)
A. Pyroclastic Flow B. Quiet eruption C. Hot Spring D. Active volcano |
C. Hot Spring
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A mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called a
A. Volcanic neck B. Cinder Cone C. Batholith D. Caldera |
C. Batholith
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Which sequence describes the movement of magma from inside a volcano to the surface?
A. Vent, pipe, magma chamber B. Magma chamber, vent, pipe C. Pipe, magma chamber, vent D. Magma chamber, pipe, vent |
D. Magma chamber, pipe, vent
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Wide, gently sloping mountains formed by low-silica lava flows are called
A. Calderas B. Shield Volcanoes C. Composite volcanoes D. Lave plateaus |
B. Shield Volcanoes
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Magma first forms in
A. The lithosphere B. The asthenosphere C. Magma chambers D. Vents |
B. The asthenosphere
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The volcanoe that form the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean are the result of
A. Subducting plates B. Diverging plate boundaries C. Many hot spots D. Collisions of continental plates |
A. Subducting plates
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An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust is called a(n)
A. Deep ocean trench B. Geyser C. Transform boundary D. Hot spot |
D. Hot spot
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Olympus Mons, the largest volcanic mountain in the solar system, is found on
A. Earth B. Venus C. Io D. Mars |
D. Mars
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Eruptions of high-silica lava may produce a
A. Shield volcano B. Caldera C. Pyroclastic flow D. Pahoehoe lava flow |
C. Pyroclastic flow
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Volcanoes in both the Andes and the mountains of the Pacific Northwest fromed from collisions between
A. Two Oceanic Plates B. Two Continental Plates C. An Oceanic plate and a continental plate D. Two hot spots |
C. An Oceanic plate and a continental plate
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Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called
A. Folding B. Tension C. Shearing D. Deformation |
C. Shearing
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Normal faults are caused by
A. Transform boundaries B. Shearing C. Compression forces D. Tension forces |
D. Tension forces
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A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall is called a
A. Strike-slip fault B. Reverse fault C. Hanging fault D. Normal fault |
B. Reverse fault
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A fold in rock that bends into an arch is called a(n)
A. Anticline B. Syncline C. Plateau D. Fault block |
A. Anticline
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An earthquake on the ocean floor may cause
A. A deep sea trench B. A rift valley C. Sea-floor spreading D. A tsunami |
D. A tsunami
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Which of the following devices would be used to measure horizontal movement along the ground?
A. Tiltmeter B. Laser-ranging device C. Creep meter D. Seismograph |
C. Creep meter
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The seismic waves that arrive first are
A. S waves B. P waves C. Mercalli waves D. Surface waves |
B. P waves
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Folded rock is a sign of the stress force called
A. Compression B. Tension C. Shearing D. Deformation |
A. Compression
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The San Andreas fault is an example of a
A. Normal fault B. Reverse fault C. Strike-slip fault D. Hanging wall |
C. Strike-slip fault
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The difference in arrival time between P waves and S waves helps determine the
A. Epicenter of an earthquake B. Magnitude of an earthquake C. Focus of an earthquake D. Strength of surface waves |
A. Epicenter of an earthquake
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