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78 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
According to this theory evil human behavior was due to being possessed by spirits.
Demonology
The theory of the born criminal, persons, who have specific physical characteristics that distinguish them from a non-criminal, is attributed to _______.
Lombroso and the Positivists
The idea that „people do not change, criminal opportunities do‟ is related to which theory:
Trait theory
Disapproval of an offender‟s criminal deeds, while at the same time telling that individual that they are a respected person capable of being reaccepted by society are expressions of which theory of crime control?
Braithwaite‟s‟ theory of Reintegrative Shaming.
“Condemnation of the condemners” and “appeal to higher loyalties” are all techniques described in
Neutralization theory
Which is not a principle of Edwin Sutherland‟s Differential Association theory? Criminal behavior is learned b) Learning is a by-product of interaction c) Perceptions of the legal code influence behavior d) Society produces „pushes‟ and „pulls‟ towards crime
Society produces „pushes‟ and „pulls‟ towards crime
_____ _____Theory posits that crime and delinquency are functions of the presence of motivated offenders, the availability of suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians.
Routine activity
Which Insanity Defense is also known as the „right/wrong‟ test?
M‟Naughten Rule
Social ________ theory focuses on deteriorating conditions in the urban environment that have an impact on crime
Disorganization
Travis Hirschi is associated with which theory? General Strain theory b) Bio-Social theory c) Cognitive developmental theory d) Classical Conditioning theory
Travis Hirschi is not associated with any of the theories noted above
By applying Labeling Perspective which statement below would be correct:
“Once a criminal, always be a criminal.”
The best known and most widely cited source of aggregate criminal statistics is
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
Positivism has two main elements. The first is that all true knowledge is acquired through direct observation and not through conjecture and/or belief. The second is:
the use of the scientific method
Tort law refers to
a civil action in which an individual asks to be compensated for personal harm
Oppressive labor conditions prevalent during the rise of industrial capitalism convinced ____________ _____________ that the character of every civilization is determined by its mode of production – the way its people develop material goods (otherwise known as „materialism‟).
Karl Marx
According to Shaw and McKay‟s Concentric Zone Map of Chicago the highest crimes rates were always in Zones _____________________.
I & II
This view of crime suggests that society labels individuals as criminals.
Societal Reaction theory
Which is a Biosocial theory of crime a) Biochemical b) Neurological c) Genetic d) Evolutionary e) All of the above
All of the above
The stress and subsequent sense of anomie that individuals experience as the result of the inability to successfully attain society‟s cultural goals is explained in
Robert Merton‟s Goal-Means Gap Strain Theory
Acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms are known as
Mala in prohibitum
Of the five individual modes of adaptation developed by Robert Merton, _____ were considered the most responsible for crime in American society
Innovators
According to this theory, career criminals may travel more than one road towards a life-time of crime,
Pathways to Crime
As discussed in class which of the components of social bonding theory is considered most important:
Attachment
True/False: The idea that somehow the „victim‟ provoked‟ or brought about his/her own victimization is known as „victim precipitation theory‟.
T
True/False: As discussed in lecture, positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining and are believed to be a crime deterrent are called social capital.
T
True/False: Freud‟s model of the social process theory explains influences in the social environment (i.e. peers, disorganized communities) motivate individual engagement in crime.
F
True/False: All deviant behavior is against the law
F
True/False: The idea that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity is known as defensible space.
T
True/False: Sociologist Emile Durkheim believed that crime was an „unnecessary‟ and „unnatural‟ phenomenon in society and believed that only by reforming the Criminal Justice system would society find it‟s natural „social balance‟.
F
True/False: Bernard Madoff stole billions is an investment fraud called the „Ponzi Scheme‟.
T
True/False: As discussed in class poverty has „little influence‟ in the establishment of crime and criminality.
F
True/False: When it was disclosed that the mass murderer Ted Bundy actually had an extra Y chromosome interest in the XYY genetic theory of crime materialized.
F
True/False: The elderly especially susceptible to fraud schemes because the elderly generally live alone, are lonely, and possess financial resources that make them attractive targets.
T
True/False: The term „anomie‟ may be defined as a state of „normlessness‟ and is relative to an understanding of Strain theory.
T
True/False: The idea that somehow the „victim‟ provoked‟ or brought about his/her own victimization is known as „victim precipitation theory‟.
T
True/False: As discussed in lecture, positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining and are believed to be a crime deterrent are called social capital.
T
True/False: In contrast to the latent trait view, life course theories hold that the propensity to commit crimes remains fixed and stable over time.
F
True/False: Components of Routine Activities Theory include a suitable target, a motivated offender and a capable guardian.
T
True/False: Freud‟s model of the social process theory explains influences in the social environment (i.e. peers, disorganized communities) motivate individual engagement in crime.
F
True/False: Phrenologists studied the shape of the skull and bumps on the head to determine whether these physical attributes were linked to criminal behavior.
T
True/False: Most serial murderers select victims who are defenseless or who cannot count on police protection or who are vulnerable in some fashion, such as prostitutes, gay men, hitchhikers, or hospital patients. Such target selection is clearly the result of rational planning.
T
True/False: The idea that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity is known as defensible space.
T
True/False: Informal Sanctions occur when significant others, such as parents, peer, neighbors, and teachers direct their disapproval, stigma, anger, and indignation toward the offender.
T
True/False: Churning and bucketing are types of „Green Crimes‟ related to „over-fishing‟.
T
True/False: Two critical elements of informal social control are marriage and career.
F
True/False: Identity theft is the „fast growing‟ crime in „cyber-space‟.
T
True/False: Longitudinal or cohort research involves observing a group of people, who share like characteristics, over a period of time.
T
True/False: Crime Index-Part I include rape, robbery, and aggravated assault
T
True/False: August Compte applied scientific methods to the study of criminology and is often referred to as the „father of sociology‟.
T
True/False: Criminal Justice is the scientific approach for the study of criminal behavior
F
True/False: The origins of criminal law include „folkways‟ and „mores‟
T
True/False: Larceny, shoplifting and cashing bad checks are all considered „property crimes‟.
T
True/False: While illegal restraint of trade and price-fixing are „corporate crimes‟, „false claims and false advertising‟ are not.
F
True/False: According to Routine Activities theory, teenage boys and the unemployed are all considered „motivated offenders‟.
T
True/False: According to the theory of „crime deterrence‟, individuals who fear being punished will not risk breaking the law.
T
True/False: While Differential Association and Bandura‟s Social Modeling are relevant to the study of criminal behavior „social learning‟ is not.
F
True/False: Social process theories hold that „criminality is a process of individual traits‟ and „personality constructs‟.
F
True/False: In understanding the many social problems that high risk youth face Siegel points to the „Problem Behavior syndrome‟ that identifies crime as a group of anti-social behavior clustered together.
T
Match: Abandoned cars, gates on doors
Broken Windows Theory
Match: Turning point, transition, and trajectory
Life Course
Match: Denying the guilty mind
Neutralization Theory
Match: Overhead cameras, target hardening
Situational crime prevention theory
Match: Capitalist means of production creates class conflict
Social Conflict Theory
Match: Learning criminal values/techniques from intimate/frequent contact w/others
Differential Association Theory
Match: Crime is stimulating & exciting
Arousal Thoery
Match: Reasoning criminal
Rational Choice
Match: Primary and secondary deviancy
Labeling Theory
Match: Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief
Social Bonding Thoery
Match: Peace and humanism reduce crime
Peacemaking Theory
Match: Impulsivity and self-control
General Theory of Crime
Match: Neurological, genetics, biochemical
Biosocial theory
Match: Consensus, Conflict, and Inter-actionist
Definitions of crim
Match: People who drink, use drugs, and engage in crime
Deviant Life style
Match: People are likely to become victims of crime living where they come into contact with criminals
Deviant Place
Match: Most crimes occur during July and August
Ecology of Crime
Match: Authority conflict, Covert, and Overt
Pathways to crime
Match: Lower-Class cultural beliefs
Millers Focal Concern Theory
Match: Patriarchy
Feminist Theory.