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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
According to this theory evil human behavior was due to being possessed by spirits.
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Demonology
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The theory of the born criminal, persons, who have specific physical characteristics that distinguish them from a non-criminal, is attributed to _______.
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Lombroso and the Positivists
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The idea that „people do not change, criminal opportunities do‟ is related to which theory:
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Trait theory
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Disapproval of an offender‟s criminal deeds, while at the same time telling that individual that they are a respected person capable of being reaccepted by society are expressions of which theory of crime control?
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Braithwaite‟s‟ theory of Reintegrative Shaming.
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“Condemnation of the condemners” and “appeal to higher loyalties” are all techniques described in
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Neutralization theory
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Which is not a principle of Edwin Sutherland‟s Differential Association theory? Criminal behavior is learned b) Learning is a by-product of interaction c) Perceptions of the legal code influence behavior d) Society produces „pushes‟ and „pulls‟ towards crime
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Society produces „pushes‟ and „pulls‟ towards crime
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_____ _____Theory posits that crime and delinquency are functions of the presence of motivated offenders, the availability of suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians.
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Routine activity
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Which Insanity Defense is also known as the „right/wrong‟ test?
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M‟Naughten Rule
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Social ________ theory focuses on deteriorating conditions in the urban environment that have an impact on crime
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Disorganization
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Travis Hirschi is associated with which theory? General Strain theory b) Bio-Social theory c) Cognitive developmental theory d) Classical Conditioning theory
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Travis Hirschi is not associated with any of the theories noted above
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By applying Labeling Perspective which statement below would be correct:
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“Once a criminal, always be a criminal.”
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The best known and most widely cited source of aggregate criminal statistics is
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Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
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Positivism has two main elements. The first is that all true knowledge is acquired through direct observation and not through conjecture and/or belief. The second is:
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the use of the scientific method
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Tort law refers to
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a civil action in which an individual asks to be compensated for personal harm
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Oppressive labor conditions prevalent during the rise of industrial capitalism convinced ____________ _____________ that the character of every civilization is determined by its mode of production – the way its people develop material goods (otherwise known as „materialism‟).
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Karl Marx
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According to Shaw and McKay‟s Concentric Zone Map of Chicago the highest crimes rates were always in Zones _____________________.
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I & II
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This view of crime suggests that society labels individuals as criminals.
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Societal Reaction theory
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Which is a Biosocial theory of crime a) Biochemical b) Neurological c) Genetic d) Evolutionary e) All of the above
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All of the above
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The stress and subsequent sense of anomie that individuals experience as the result of the inability to successfully attain society‟s cultural goals is explained in
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Robert Merton‟s Goal-Means Gap Strain Theory
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Acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms are known as
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Mala in prohibitum
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Of the five individual modes of adaptation developed by Robert Merton, _____ were considered the most responsible for crime in American society
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Innovators
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According to this theory, career criminals may travel more than one road towards a life-time of crime,
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Pathways to Crime
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As discussed in class which of the components of social bonding theory is considered most important:
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Attachment
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True/False: The idea that somehow the „victim‟ provoked‟ or brought about his/her own victimization is known as „victim precipitation theory‟.
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T
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True/False: As discussed in lecture, positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining and are believed to be a crime deterrent are called social capital.
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T
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True/False: Freud‟s model of the social process theory explains influences in the social environment (i.e. peers, disorganized communities) motivate individual engagement in crime.
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F
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True/False: All deviant behavior is against the law
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F
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True/False: The idea that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity is known as defensible space.
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T
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True/False: Sociologist Emile Durkheim believed that crime was an „unnecessary‟ and „unnatural‟ phenomenon in society and believed that only by reforming the Criminal Justice system would society find it‟s natural „social balance‟.
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F
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True/False: Bernard Madoff stole billions is an investment fraud called the „Ponzi Scheme‟.
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T
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True/False: As discussed in class poverty has „little influence‟ in the establishment of crime and criminality.
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F
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True/False: When it was disclosed that the mass murderer Ted Bundy actually had an extra Y chromosome interest in the XYY genetic theory of crime materialized.
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F
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True/False: The elderly especially susceptible to fraud schemes because the elderly generally live alone, are lonely, and possess financial resources that make them attractive targets.
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T
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True/False: The term „anomie‟ may be defined as a state of „normlessness‟ and is relative to an understanding of Strain theory.
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T
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True/False: The idea that somehow the „victim‟ provoked‟ or brought about his/her own victimization is known as „victim precipitation theory‟.
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T
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True/False: As discussed in lecture, positive relations with individuals and institutions that are life sustaining and are believed to be a crime deterrent are called social capital.
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T
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True/False: In contrast to the latent trait view, life course theories hold that the propensity to commit crimes remains fixed and stable over time.
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F
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True/False: Components of Routine Activities Theory include a suitable target, a motivated offender and a capable guardian.
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T
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True/False: Freud‟s model of the social process theory explains influences in the social environment (i.e. peers, disorganized communities) motivate individual engagement in crime.
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F
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True/False: Phrenologists studied the shape of the skull and bumps on the head to determine whether these physical attributes were linked to criminal behavior.
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T
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True/False: Most serial murderers select victims who are defenseless or who cannot count on police protection or who are vulnerable in some fashion, such as prostitutes, gay men, hitchhikers, or hospital patients. Such target selection is clearly the result of rational planning.
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T
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True/False: The idea that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity is known as defensible space.
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T
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True/False: Informal Sanctions occur when significant others, such as parents, peer, neighbors, and teachers direct their disapproval, stigma, anger, and indignation toward the offender.
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T
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True/False: Churning and bucketing are types of „Green Crimes‟ related to „over-fishing‟.
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T
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True/False: Two critical elements of informal social control are marriage and career.
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F
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True/False: Identity theft is the „fast growing‟ crime in „cyber-space‟.
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T
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True/False: Longitudinal or cohort research involves observing a group of people, who share like characteristics, over a period of time.
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T
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True/False: Crime Index-Part I include rape, robbery, and aggravated assault
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T
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True/False: August Compte applied scientific methods to the study of criminology and is often referred to as the „father of sociology‟.
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T
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True/False: Criminal Justice is the scientific approach for the study of criminal behavior
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F
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True/False: The origins of criminal law include „folkways‟ and „mores‟
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T
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True/False: Larceny, shoplifting and cashing bad checks are all considered „property crimes‟.
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T
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True/False: While illegal restraint of trade and price-fixing are „corporate crimes‟, „false claims and false advertising‟ are not.
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F
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True/False: According to Routine Activities theory, teenage boys and the unemployed are all considered „motivated offenders‟.
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T
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True/False: According to the theory of „crime deterrence‟, individuals who fear being punished will not risk breaking the law.
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T
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True/False: While Differential Association and Bandura‟s Social Modeling are relevant to the study of criminal behavior „social learning‟ is not.
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F
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True/False: Social process theories hold that „criminality is a process of individual traits‟ and „personality constructs‟.
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F
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True/False: In understanding the many social problems that high risk youth face Siegel points to the „Problem Behavior syndrome‟ that identifies crime as a group of anti-social behavior clustered together.
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T
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Match: Abandoned cars, gates on doors
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Broken Windows Theory
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Match: Turning point, transition, and trajectory
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Life Course
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Match: Denying the guilty mind
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Neutralization Theory
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Match: Overhead cameras, target hardening
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Situational crime prevention theory
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Match: Capitalist means of production creates class conflict
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Social Conflict Theory
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Match: Learning criminal values/techniques from intimate/frequent contact w/others
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Differential Association Theory
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Match: Crime is stimulating & exciting
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Arousal Thoery
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Match: Reasoning criminal
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Rational Choice
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Match: Primary and secondary deviancy
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Labeling Theory
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Match: Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief
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Social Bonding Thoery
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Match: Peace and humanism reduce crime
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Peacemaking Theory
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Match: Impulsivity and self-control
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General Theory of Crime
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Match: Neurological, genetics, biochemical
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Biosocial theory
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Match: Consensus, Conflict, and Inter-actionist
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Definitions of crim
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Match: People who drink, use drugs, and engage in crime
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Deviant Life style
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Match: People are likely to become victims of crime living where they come into contact with criminals
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Deviant Place
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Match: Most crimes occur during July and August
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Ecology of Crime
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Match: Authority conflict, Covert, and Overt
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Pathways to crime
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Match: Lower-Class cultural beliefs
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Millers Focal Concern Theory
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Match: Patriarchy
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Feminist Theory.
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