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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What LEED Measures in Sustainable Sites

- Site Design & Management


- Light Pollution


- Rainwater Management


- Heat Island Effect

Site Development: Protect & Restore Habitat

- Protect: greenfields, ecosystems, wildlife corridors, and wetlands


- Restore brownfields and plant native/adaptive species

Reduce Building Footprint

- Increase floor-area-ratio (total building floor area/total buildable landing area) to reduce building footprint

Site Management Plan

- Reduce: harmful chemical use and/or runoff; energy waste; water waste; air pollution; solid waste

Rainwater Management Strategies

- Green Infrastructure: Select native and adaptive species


- Low-Impact Development: Minimize impervious hardscapes


- Active & Passive rainwater management



Heat Island Effect


(Definition)

The absorption of heat by landscapes, such as dark, nonreflective pavement and buildings, and its radiation to surrounding areas. Particularly in urban areas, other sources may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners, and street equipment; reduced airflow from tall buildings and narrow streets exacerbates the effect.

Albedo

The reflectivity of a surface, measured from 0 (black) to 1 (white)

Heat Island Reduction Strategies

- Minimize exposed hardscapes


- Use high reflectance materials

Light Pollution: Why It Matters

Disrupts:


- Nocturnal hunters


- Seasonal patterns of animals and plants


- Migration patterns


- Human health (circadian rhythms and night sky views)

B.U.G.

Bucklit


Uplight


Glare




- 30 degrees = glare


- 120 degrees = useful light (downward)


- 180 degrees = uplight

Aquifer

Body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater

Biodiversity

The variety of life in all forms, levels, and combinations, including ecosystem diversity, species diversity, and genetic diversity

Bioswale

Stormwater control feature that uses a combination of an engineered basin, soils, and vegetation to slow and detain stormwater, increase groundwater recharge, and reduce peak stormwater runoff

Building Footprint

The area on a project site that is used by the building structure, defined by the perimeter of the building plan. Parking lots, landscapes, and other nonbuilding facilities are not included in building footprint.

Dry Ponds

Excavated areas that detain stormwater and slow runoff but are dry between rain events. Wet ponds serve a similar function but are designed to hold water all the time.

Imperviousness

Resistance of a material to penetration by a liquid. The total imperviousness of a surface, such as paving, is expressed as a percentage of total land area that does not allow moisture penetration. Impervious surfaces prevent rainwater from infiltrating into the ground, thereby increasing runoff, reducing groundwater recharge, and degrading surface water quality.

Integrated Pest Management

Sustainable approach that combines knowledge about pests, the environment, and pest prevention and control methods to minimize pest infestation and damage in a an economical way while minimizing hazards to people, property, and the environment

Light Trespass

The spillage of light beyond the project boundary

Low Impact Development (LID)

Approach to land management that mimics natural systems to manage stormwater as close to the source as possible

Native (Or Indigenous) plants

Plants adapted to a given area during a defined time period. In North America, the term often refers to plants growing in a region prior to time of settlement by people of European descent. Native plans are considered low maintenance and not invasive.

Nonpoint Source Pollution

Typically refers to water pollution caused by stormwater runoff from diffuse sources. When it rains, water washes fertilizers, car oil, pet waste, etc. into receiving water bodies

Perviousness

The percentage of the surface area of a paving material that is open allows moisture to pass through the material and soak into the ground below

Rain Garden

Stormwater management feature consisting of an excavated depression and vegetation that collect and infiltrate runoff and reduce peak discharge rates

Rainwater Harvesting

The collection and storage of precipitation from a catchment area, such as a roof

Solar Reflectivity Index (SRI)

A measure of how well a material rejects solar heat; the index ranges from 0 (least reflective) to 100 (most reflective). Using light-colored, "cooler" materials helps prevent the urban heat island effect (the absorption of heat by dark roofs and pavement and its radiation to the ambient air) and minimizes demand for cooling of nearby buildings

Xeriscaping

Landscaping method that makes routine irrigation unnecessary by using drought-adaptable and low-water plants, as well as soil amendments such as compost and mulches to reduce evaporation

2012 US EPA General Construction Permit

- National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System General Permit for Discharges for Construction Activites

- In Compliance with Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C., amended by the Water Quality Act of 1987

National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

(NPDES) Permit Program address water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants to waters of the United States.


- Created in 1972 by Clean Water Act


- Authorized to state governments by EPA to perform permitting, administrative, and enforcement aspects of the program

Community Connectivity

Option 2 of the Sustainable Sites credit 2:


- Must be a previously developed site


- Must be within 1/2 mile radius of 10 'basic services', i.e. banks, churches, restaurants (2 allowed), stores, etc. and not include undeveloped areas, i.e. parks, water bodies


- Pedestrians must access between buildings


- Must be within 1/2 mile of residential area averaging density of 10/units per acre




Ideas: limit culs-de-sac; no gated communities; and use street grid pattern

Adaptive Reuse

Designing and building a structure in a way that makes it suitable for a future use different than its original use. This avoids the environmental impact of using new materials.

Biomass

Plant material from trees, grasses, or crops that can be converted to heat energy to produce electricity

Building Density

Floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre)

Built Environment

Any environment that is man made and provides a structure for human activity

Carbon Foot

Measure of greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity. A comprehensive carbon footprint includes building construction, operation, energy use, building-related transportation, and the embodied energy of water, solid waste, and construction materials.

Green Building

Encompasses planning, design, construction, operations, and ultimately end-of-life recycling or renewal of structures. Green building pursues solutions that represent a healthy & dynamic balance between environmental, social, and economic benefits.

Greenfield

A site that has never been developed for anything except agriculture

Harvested Rainwater

Precipitation captured and used for indoor needs, irrigation, or both.

High-Performance Green Building

A structure designed to conserve water and energy; use space, materials, and resources efficiently; minimize construction waste; and create a healthful indoor environment.

Prime Farmland

Previously undeveloped land with soil suitable for cultivation. Avoiding development on prime farmland helps protect agricultural lands, which are needed for food production.

Site Disturbance

The amount of a site that is disturbed by construction activity. On undeveloped sites, limiting the amount and boundary of site disturbance can protect surrounding habitat.

Stormwater Prevention Plan

Plan that addresses measures to prevent erosion, sedimentation, and discharges of potential pollutants to water bodies and wetlands

Stormwater Runoff

Water from precipitation that flows over surfaces into sewer systems or receiving water bodies. All precipitation that leaves project site boundaries on the surface is considered stormwater runoff.

Street Grid Density

Indicator of neighborhood density, calculated as the number of centerline miles per square mile. Centerline miles are the length of a road down its center. A community with high street grid density and narrow, interconnected streets is more likely to be pedestrian friendly than one with a low street grid density and wide streets.

Open Grid Paving

Definition: pavements that consist of loose substrates supported by a grid of a more structurally sound grid or webbing


Benefits:


1) Surface Water Management


2) Reduce Irrigation Needs


3) Cooler ground to reduce heat island effect


d4) Less maintenance than asphalt

Development Footprint

Part of "Reduce Site Disturbance" credit SSc5.2 for (1) point.




Development footprint (defined as entire building footprint, access roads and parking) to exceed the local zoning’s open space requirement for the site by 25%. For areas with no local zoning requirements (e.g., some university campuses, military bases), designate open space area adjacent to the building that is equal to the development footprint.

Basic Services (Examples)

- Bank


- Place of Worship


- Convenience Grocery


- Day Care Center


- Cleaners


- Fire Station


- Beauty Salon


- Hardware


- Laundry


- Library


- Medical or Dental Office


- Senior Care Facility


- Park


- Pharmacy


- Post Office


- Restaurant


- School


- Supermarket


- Theater


- Community Center


- Fitness Center


- Museum

Open Space

Provide outdoor space greater than or equal to 30% of the total site area (including building footprint). A minimum of 25% of that outdoor space must be vegetated (turf grass does not count as vegetation) or have overhead vegetated canopy.




Wetlands or naturally designed ponds may count as open space if the side slope gradients average 1:4 (vertical: horizontal) or less and are vegetated.

Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Plan

- Reduce pollution by controlling soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne dust



Reducing Parking Footprint

- Use pooled parking (parking spaces shared among two or more buildings)

High Priority Site (Location & Transportation credit)

- Opt1: Historic District (1 Point)


- Opt2: Priority Designation (1 Pt for BD&C, 2 Pts for Core & Shell)


- Opt3: Brownfield (2 Pts) Remediation

LEED for Neighborhood Development Location (Location & Transportation Credit)

Intent: To avoid development on inappropriate sites. To reduce vehicle distance traveled. To enhance livability and improve human health by encouraging daily physical activity.




Requirements:


1) Location within boundary of a development certificated under LEED for Neighborhood Development


2) Not eligible to earn points under other L&T credits



Hardscape Pervious Benefits

1) Restore Local Water Table


2) Reduce Rainwater Runoff

Project Boundary

- Set by Property Line & Limits of Disturbance

Surrounding Density

Locate on a previously developed site whose density in the surrounding area (i.e., within a ¼-mile [400-meter] radius of the project boundary) meets or exceeds the values in Table 1. Projects may calculate surrounding density using either the “separate residential and nonresidential densities” or the “combined density” values.The counted density must be existing density, not zoned density.