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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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French Indian War
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Between Britain and the Native Americans. Put Britain in large debt.
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Stamp Act
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Unnecessary taxing in America by Britain
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Boston Massacre
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British soldiers fired on civilians because supposedly somebody threw a snowball at them... fueled rebellion
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Quartering Act
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Unreasonable search and stay. British soldiers stayed in houses of Americans.
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Articles of Confederation
(pros/cons) |
the first constitution of the 13 American states
PROS:States had Power CONS: No unified government |
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Founding Fathers
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the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787: Madison, Franklin, Washington, Adams, Hamilton
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Federalism
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A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.
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Federalists
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Wanted national power
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Antifederalists
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Wanted states power
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3 Branches of Government
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Legislative
Executive Judicial |
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Legislative Branch
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Law making Branch
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Executive Branch
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President, cabinet, secretary of state...etc.
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Judicial Branch
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supreme court
9 justices lower courts interpret constitutionality of laws |
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Legislative vs. Executive
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overturn presidents veto with a 2/3 vote
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Senate
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6 year terms
100 senators 2 per state foreign policy and national issues |
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Congress
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House of Representatives
2 year terms 435 congressmen Based on population 9 for nj |
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Checks and Balances
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Each branch of government has another branch that checks it, so that there is a balance in powers.
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NJ Plan
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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state...William Patterson
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VA Plan
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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation, based on population, in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature. (James Madison)
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3/5 Compromise
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Each slave counts as 3/5 of a person in a states population.
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Sectionalism
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excessive regard for sectional or local interests
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Louisiana Purchase (1803)
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a treaty signed with France in 1803 by which the U.S. purchased for $15,000,000 the land extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Bought by Jefferson from Napoleon.
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Problem with Louisiana Purchase
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Government had to decide how to divide the land. Free or Slave?
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Failed Compromises
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all tried to act as a "band aid" to the slavery issue. they were all just temporary solutions.
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Missouri Compromise of 1820
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an act of Congress (1820) by which Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and slavery was prohibited in the Louisiana Purchase north of latitude 36°30′N, except for Missouri.
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Compromise of 1850
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The compromise admitted California to the United States as a “free” (no slavery) state but allowed some newly acquired territories to decide on slavery for themselves. Part of the Compromise included the Fugitive Slave Act, which proved highly unpopular in the North.
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Fugitive Slave Act
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A law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, which provided southern slaveholders with legal weapons to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states. The law was highly unpopular in the North and helped to convert many previously indifferent northerners to antislavery.
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Kansas Nebraska Act
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the act of Congress in 1854 annulling the Missouri Compromise, providing for the organization of the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, and permitting these territories self-determination on the question of slavery.
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Abolitionists
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Against Slavery
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John Brown
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Violently against slavery
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Uncle Tom's Cabin
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an antislavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, in which she presented realistic slave stories
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Abraham Lincoln
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16th president of the united states
president through civil war against slavery |
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Lincoln Assassination
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John Wilkes Boothe
Fords theatre Soon after civil war victory |
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Anaconda Plan
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The Anaconda Plan is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War.
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Sherman's March
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Destroy and devastate major southern cities.
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Draft Riots
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NY...people not wanting to go to war and paying their way out. others could not pay and then rioted.
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Habeas Corpus
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requiring a person to be brought before a judge or court, esp. for investigation of a restraint of the person's liberty, used as a protection against illegal imprisonment.
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Emancipation Proclamation
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the proclamation issued by President Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in those territories still in rebellion against the Union.In itself, the Emancipation Proclamation did not free any slaves, because it applied only to rebellious areas that the federal government did not then control.
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13th amendment
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freed slaves officially
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Dred Scott Case
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slave who lived in a free state for a period of time with his master, upon his return he sued for his freedom on the grounds of living in a free state, he appealed to the supreme court who ruled African Americans were not citizens and therefore couldn't even sue in the first place... this questioned the authority of the US constitution and congress
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Gentlemen's Agreement
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An agreement guaranteed only by the pledged word or unspoken understanding of the parties.
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North Advantages
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Money
Bigger Population Own land not ruined Ports/Cities Better weapons |
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Union
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North
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Confederates
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South
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South Advantages
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Home field advantage
More to fight for Better military leaders |
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Reason for Civil War
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priorities of north and south
differences between them slavery sectionalism |
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Reconstruction
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time after civil war focused on rebuilding a destroyed country
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Physical Reconstruction
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rebuilding homes, towns, railroads
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Social Reconstruction
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what to do with 3.5 million freed slaves (not educated, no money, jobs, or education.)
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KKK
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former confederate soldiers angry at their loss, still have a hatred toward african americans
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Black Codes
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any code of law that defined and esp. limited therights of former slaves after the Civil War. No amendments to protect them...can't own land, property, curfews
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Political Reconstruction
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Southern States Punishment?
10% voting to be loyal to be states Republicans: wanted 5 military districts(not states) follow 13th amendment...punish south |
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Natural Resources which fueled industrialization
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oil/coal (black gold)
Bessemer steel process, used to remove carbon from steel and iron to make steel New building projects to use steel (skyscrapers/bridges) |
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Inventions that promoted industrialization
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electricity
trains light bulb type writer telephone (opened jobs especially for women) |
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Andrew Carnegie
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new business plan
stock for labor tried for monopoly |
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Social Darwinism
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Survival of the fittest
did not want market place to be regulated |
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Robber Barons
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Paid workers poorly
Produced monopolies Growth and consolidation |
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Sherman Antitrust Act
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illegal to form trust interfering with free trade between states or with other countries to prevent consolidation of buisness
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Where was the industrial boom mostly occurring
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the north...the south did not have as many resources or as much money
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Labor Unions
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an organization of wage earners or salaried employees for mutual aid and protection and for dealing collectively with employers; trade union.
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Rags to riches
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poor to rich
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socialism
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government sets prices, centrally planned economy, high taxes
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capitalism
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free market economy, fewer taxes
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positives of capitalism
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higher standard of living
increased life expectancy unions innovation and efficiency mom and pop to the big time |
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negitives of capitalism
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arduous work
child labor sweatshops |
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corporation
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large business, 100's of employees, raise capital through investors, stock market
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Confederacy
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souther coalition in favor of slavery, led by Jefferson Davis and ALexander Stephens
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Union
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northern coalition that wanted to ban slavery led by Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson
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secession
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when a state or area seperates itself from a nation or country
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fort sumpter
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considered the first battle of the civil war, south won (charleston, sc)
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Abolitionists
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people who wanted to abolish slavery...john brown, harriet tubman, harriet beacher stowe, fredrick douglas
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Eli Whitney
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developed interchangable parts and led the industrial revolution
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John Brown
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started bleeding kansas
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Harriet Tubman
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a turtured slave whom after her escape led many trips on the underground railroad, saving hundreds of slaves
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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wrote uncle tom's cabin as a white abolitionist who portrayed a sorrowful melodramatic story of a slave. considered a catalyst for the civil war
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Election of 1860
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basically a debate between slavery and non savery. Lincoln was elected
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Popular Soveriegnty
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People of the state decide it's course of slavery
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Homestead Act
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160 acres of land free
held for 5 years and then could be bought out |
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Great Plains
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grassland extending through the west portion of the united states
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How did government deal with the Native Americans
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Set up reservations
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The Dawes Act
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Americanized Native Americans
Broke up reservation and gave Native Americans some land 160 acres each household 80 acres to unmarried couple Native Americans received no money for any of the land taken from them |
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Indian Removal Act
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Made treaties to buy out Indians on to reservations
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Battle of LIttle Bighorn
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Custers Last Stand
Custer defeated by Native Americans |
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Battle of wounded knee
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Sioux defeated by US
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Transcontinental Railroad
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Spanned Entire Continent
Aided Trade and Expansion |
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Gold Rush
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1849
found on Sutter's Mill Rags too riches or failure |
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Vanderbilt
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railroads
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Rockerfeller
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Oil
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Carnegie
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steel
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