Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Social Norms |
Are rules specifying behaviors that are acceptable within a society or group |
|
|
Crime |
The violation of a social norm that has been codified into law, thus enforceable through formal sanction |
|
|
Dark figure of Crime |
Large portion of crime that goes unreported |
|
|
The Uniform Crime Report |
Statistical summary of crimes reported to the police. Based on voluntary report to FBI Hierarchy Rule- High crime more important Data Manipulation Police- Crime rates low |
|
|
Victimless Crime |
Crime without victims involve a willing and private exchange of goods and services |
|
|
Organized crime |
Not a criminal act per se but a framework within which criminal acts are planned and committed |
|
|
Occupational Crime |
Committed within the context or a legal business or profession |
|
|
Visible Crime |
Violent Crimes; Act that results in death or physical injury Property: acts that results in loss of property Public order; acts that threaten general well-being of society |
|
|
Classifying crime II |
Can classify by the nature of the act
|
|
|
Classifying crime I |
Mala en se- Wrong itself Mala prohinita-Crimes because they are prohibited by the law |
|
|
Classification III |
Felonies and misdemeanors |
|
|
National Crime Victimization Survey |
Interview sample of the united states Population |
|
|
Weakness of the NCVS |
People lie Dead people cannot be surveyed |
|
|
Cyber crime |
Involve the use of computers and the internet to commit acts against people property public order, or morality |
|
|
Political Crime |
Act usually committed for idealogical purposes that constitutes a threat against the state. |
|
|
Insanity |
Not in the right mind US court used test irresistible impulse test Durham rule |
|
|
Intoxication |
The law does not relieve individual of responsibility for act performed while voluntarily intoxicated |
|
|
Mistake of act Courts |
Courts generally agree that ignorance of he law is not excuses for illegal acts |
|
|
Duress |
Someone who commits a crime because he or she is coerced by another person
|
|
|
Immaturity |
Anglo-American law excuses criminal acts by children under seven on grounds that mens rea criminal intent |
|
|
Necessity |
The defendant breaks a law in order to save themselves or prevent a greater harm |
|
|
Self-Defense |
A person who feels he or she is in immediate danger may ward off an attack |
|
|
Entrapment |
The defense that the individual was induced by the police to off commit the criminal act |
|
|
Element of a crime |
Actus Reus- "Guilty Act" Mens Rea- "Guilty Mind" Attendant Circumstances- " Facts surrounding an event" |
|
|
Supremacy of law |
The maxim taht an orderly society must be governed by established principles and known codesw |
|
|
Civil Law |
Law regulating the relationship between or among individuals, usually involving property contracts, or business disputes |
|
|
Procedural Criminal Law |
Defining the procedures that criminal justice officials must follow in enforcement, adjudication, and corrections |
|
|
Punishment |
Must be a provision int he law calling for punishment of those found guilty of violating the law |
|
|
Mens Rea |
"Guilty Mind" The commission of act is not crime unless it is accompanied by a guilty state of mind |
|
|
Concurrence |
A crime the intent and the act must be present at the same time |
|
|
Harm |
An act must cause harm to same legally protected value Inchoate offense- An act can be seemed criminal if it could do harm that that law seeks to prevent |
|
|
Causation |
a crime to have been committed those must be a casula relationship between an act anf the harm suffered |
|
|
Actus Reus |
A crime to occur there must be an act of either commission or omission by the accused |
|
|
Legality |
There must be a law that defines an the specific action as a crime |
|
|
Substantive Criminal law |
Defines act that are subject to punishment and specifies the punishments for such offenses |
|
|
The Social Contract |
sSelf-Preservation is threatened: it is rational to agree to political organization Law must be transparent Legitimacy |
|
|
Social Bond Theory |
Travis Hirschi Individuals are self-interested Stromg bonds 1. Attachment 2. Commitment 3. Involvement 4. Belief |
|
|
Sociological Theories |
Argue that the cause of crime is not intrinsic to the individual |
|
|
General Strain Theory |
Robert Agnew Strain or stressors increase the likelihood of negative emotions like anger and frustration |
|
|
Psychological Theories |
Suggest that criminal offenses may be caused by mental factors or conflicts |
|
|
Positive school of criminology |
School of criminology that views behavior as stemming from biological, psychological, and sociological factors |
|
|
Biological Theories of Crime |
Criminals are not normal and were different from non-criminal |
|
|
Limitations of the classical School |
*Free will may not exist *Rationality may not exist *Perfect understanding of the costs and benefits many not exist |
|
|
Impact of Beccaria |
The core arguments *Law should be applied to everyone equally Everyone equality * We can control crime by increasing certainty swiftness and severely |
|
|
The Classical school of Criminology |
Beccaria suggest that people pursue their own interest (hedonistic) |
|
|
Victimology |
A criminology field that examines the role the victim plays in precipitating |
|
|
Criminology |
The scientific study of deviance and criminal behavior |
|
|
Deviance |
Behavior that violates social norms |
|
|
Foundations of American Law |
Life in a state of Nature * No laws or government - Pre-social Condition *Everyone out for themselves - No Security |
