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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nominal Variable: Definition |
Definition Distinct categories that are not related in any numerical fashion. Examples: religion, region |
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Nominal Variable: Suitable descriptive statistics |
Suitable descriptive statistics: Frequencies, percentages, mode only Note: Means and averages are meaningless because the categories are non-numeric (e.g. religion, race, region) |
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Ordinal Variable: Definition |
Definition: Ordered categories with no intrinsic numeric qualities Examples: Likert scales (distance from very to somewhat is non-numeric) |
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Ordinal Variable: Suitable Descriptive Statistics |
Suitable descriptive statistics Frequencies, percentages, cumulative percentages, median, mode Note: Means and averages are meaningless because the categories are non-numeric (e.g. religion, race, region) |
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Interval Variable: Definition |
Definition Intrinsically numeric and continuous or have regular distance but lack a meaningful zero point. Example: temperature |
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Ratio Variable Definition |
Definition Intrinsically numeric and continuous or have regular distance and has a meaningful zero point. Example: age, height, etc. |
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Interval or Ratio Variables: Suitable descriptive statistics |
Suitable Descriptive Statistics: Frequencies, percentages, cumulative percentages, mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation |
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Guttman Scaling: Definition |
Definition: Simple test to determine if an scale is multidimensional (measures a single concept) Compares valid patterns of responses to error patterns. Assumes valid patterns are available. (refer to pg 212 in Weinberg et. al for example) |
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Definition: Index |
Definition: Derived measure created by adding together scores on individual questions |
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Definition: Scale |
Definition: Derived measure created by using intrinsic order to create a cumulative score. Example: assumes nested inclusion in each category (e.g. everyone who gets news from newspapers also gets news from television and radio) |
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Definition: Statistical Significance |
Definition Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis is less than or equal to a given value |
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Definition: Z score |
Definition Used for hypothesis testing. Difference between the sample mean (X) and the null hypothesis mean divided by the standard error of the mean. Reject the null hypothesis if value is greater than 1.96 for .05. z=(X - u)/Sm |
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Definition: p value |
Definition Used for hypothesis testing. Probability that null hypothesis is true. Example: if this value is less than .01, a result is significant at the .01 level. |
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Definition: Type I error |
Definition: Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true |
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Definition: Type II error |
Definition: Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false |
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Hypothesis Testing Assumptions |
Population and Sample Means Are Known |
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Definition: t Test |
Definition Used in significance testing and establishing confidence intervals when dealing with samples that generally do not have normal distributions |
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Definition: Degrees of freedom |
finishthis |
