Survery Of Jazz - Exam 1

Front 1

technique used to modify timbre

Back 1

mutes

Front 2

solo instruments

Back 2

-trombone
-alto or tenor sax
-trumpet/cornet
-clarinet

Front 3

blue notes

Back 3

A frequency that fall in between that standard pitches of the major and minor scales

Front 4

triads

Back 4

-The basic chord of European and American harmony

-Consists of three pitches

-These pitches are separated by the interval of a third

-May be either consonant or dissonant

Front 5

extended chords

Back 5

triads with extra notes added

Front 6

meter

Back 6

The organization of stressed and unstressed beats into regular, recurring patterns

Front 7

meter most commonly used in jazz

Back 7

duple meter

Front 8

principal/characteristic rhythmic traits of jazz

Back 8

1. Makes use of persistent syncopation, a trait that derives from African practice
2. Often involves polyrhythm, a trait that derives from African practice
3. Involves a lot of rhythmic repetition (called an ostinato or vamp), another African trait
4. Frequently makes use of the swing style or “groove”

Front 9

syncopation

Back 9

Consists of:
-Accenting the weak beats (i.e., 2 and 4)
-Placing rhythms in between beats

Front 10

polyrhthym

Back 10

Layering multiple independent rhythmic patterns on top of each other

Front 11

call and response

Back 11

Dialogue between

1. A leader and a follower (e.g., one instrument answered by another)

2. A leader and a group of followers (e.g., one instrument answered by the rest of the band)

Front 12

chorus

Back 12

A repeating structural unit basic to form in jazz

Front 13

32-bar popular song form

Back 13

Consists of 4 musical phrases, each made up of 8 “bars”

A bar = a complete statements of the metrical pattern

The bulk of popular songs (written by George and Ira Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart, etc.) break down into either
AABA
ABAC
ABAA’

Front 14

melodic paraphrase

Back 14

Varying a known melody by
1. Adding notes
2. Altering the rhythms, esp. in a manner that makes the melody swing

Front 15

harmonic improvisation

Back 15

Relies upon a harmonic progression rather than a melody

Front 16

licks

Back 16

A short recognizable melodic motif, formula or phrase used in improvisation (often involving stringing a set of licks together)