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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many lobules can a normal breast have?
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12-24 lobules
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What causes "dimpling" of the skin on the breast?
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Fibrosis and shortening of Cooper's ligaments, which extend from the pectoralis fascia to the skin
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What is the most useful and reliable indicator of prognosis in breast cancer
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axillary lymph node metastases
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What does tumor involvement of the supraclavicular, interpectoral, and contralateral axillary nodes indicate?
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Widespread disease beacuse these nodes are not within the primary drainage pathways of the breast
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What type of glands make up the breast?
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Modified apocrine gland
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Thickening or edema, enlarged pores, indicative of obstructed lymphatics that is present in carcinoma
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peau d’orange
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Name some nipple presentations that may indicate an underlying tumor
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Nipple retraction
inversion flattening depression |
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A scaly, eczema-like erosion of the nipple, which is a malignant condition and is usually unilateral
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Paget’s disease
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How does intraductal papilloma present?
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bloody secretion
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What is Tamoxifen?
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selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is used in breast cancer treatment
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Name some drugs used for treating breast cancer
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5-Fluorouracil
Tamoxifen Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Adriamycin |
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A firm, smooth, round, well defined, and extremely movable breast mass
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Fibroadenoma
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What is the treament of fibroadenomas?
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complete surgical excision
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What is the most common lesion affecting the female breast?
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Fibrocystic disease
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irregular fibrous rubbery tissue in some areas and distinct cystic feeling in other areas are indicative of this condition
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Fibrocystic disease
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Clear, straw-colored, or greenish drainage from the nipple suggests?
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fibrocystic disease
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Spontaneous, bloody unilateral nipple discharge is most commonly caused by?
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Intraductal papillomas
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How often should women 20-40 yrs old have a breast exam?
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Every 3 years
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Two types of breast cancers
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Ductal (90% of cancers)
Lobular |
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What is removed in a radical mastectomy?
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the breast
pectoralis major pectoralis minor lymph nodes of the axilla |
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What is removed in a simple mastectomy
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the entire breast tissue is removed, but axillary contents are undisturbed
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What is removed in a modified radical mastectomy?
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The entire breast tissue is removed along with the axillary contents (fatty tissue and lymph nodes).
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