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293 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acronym |
A word formed by the initial letters of the principal components of a compound term |
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ambulatory surgical center |
Facility where patients are treated and released the same day; also known as outpatient surgery or same-day surgery center |
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Accreditation Review Council on Education in Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (ARC/STSA ) |
A committee on accreditation that is under the large umbrella of the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP), which oversees the accreditation processes of surgical technology education programs |
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Association of Surgical Technologists (AST) |
The nonprofit national professional membership organization for surgical technologists and surgical assistants |
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circulator |
Nonsterile surgical team member who moves about the periphery of the sterile field |
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competency |
(1) Skill; (2) ability; (3) statements that establish the level of skill or quality needed to be able to perform the job duties of a profession |
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Core Curriculum for Surgical Technology |
The recommended approperate curriculum template for an educational program that provides the expected entry level knowledge for the surgical technologist |
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Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) |
A physician who treats patients in a holistic manner and emphasizes the use of manipulative techniques for correcting abnormalities thought to cause disease and inhibit recovery |
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Elective |
pertaining to a surgical intervention that rides not require immediate interventions; the patient "elects" to have the surgery at a specific time. |
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emergent |
Surgical pathology that is life threatening |
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health maintenance organization (HMO) |
Health care organization that serves as both the insurer and provider of medical services; typically, a group of physicians provides services to a population of clients who voluntarily enroll in the program |
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intraoperative |
Occurs during the surgical intervention |
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The Joint Commission |
An independent, nonprofit national organization that develops standards and performance criteria for health care organizations |
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National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA) |
Organization that is solely responsible for all decisions regarding certification, from determining eligibility to maintaining, denying, granting, and renewing the designation. |
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optional |
Surgical intervention that does not have to be performed in order to preserve life or limb |
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postoperative |
Period of time after surgery when the patient is recovering |
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preceptor |
Instructor or tutor who demonstrates the general rules of conduct and procedures and guides the students while they are practicing or performing |
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preoperative |
Period of time before the surgical procedure begins |
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professional |
An individual who has special education and experience in a given field and who meets certain competency-based and ethical criteria |
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proprietary |
Organization or company that is owned and operated by an individual or corporation with the intent of making a profit that is returned to the investors; the profit is taxable |
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urgent |
Surgical pathology requiring treatment within a relatively short period of time |
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Vesalius |
Father of modern anatomy who openly challenged and corrected the scientific anatomical writings of Galen by dissecting cadavers to illustrate anatomy |
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Cooley |
Perfected the heart transplant and the heart-lung machine |
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Cushing |
Father of modern neurosurgery |
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Debakey |
Developed the first ventricular assist pump |
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Galen |
First great anatomist; biology was made to serve theology |
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Halstead |
Developed methods of meticulous wound closure known as the principles of surgical technique |
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Jenner |
invented the vaccination for small pox |
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Lister |
Father of modern surgery, who used carbolic acid as a technique for antiseptic surgery |
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Pare |
Surgeon who ligated arteries using "suture" after amputations |
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pasteur |
father of microbiology, who proved the germ theory of disease. |
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Vesalius |
father of modern anatomy, who performed dissections on human cadavers and created permanent records |
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abandonment |
To leave a patient alone who is still in need of care or observation |
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accreditation |
Process whereby businesses, educational institutions and programs, and health care organizations are determined to meet standards and performance criteria as established by an accrediting agency |
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advance directive |
Written instructions expressing the patient’s wishes concerning the types and amount of medical treatment to be rendered in the event the patient can no longer make those types of decisions |
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affidavit |
Voluntary statement of facts sworn before an authority to be true |
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Code of Ethics |
Guidelines, usually expressed in a series of statements, that provide ethical standards of conduct for a profession |
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credentialing |
Process by which an agency or organization establishes a minimum knowledge base for a given health care profession and awards a credential to individuals who meet the minimum knowledge level |
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ethics |
Branch of philosophy dealing with good conduct and moral values |
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incident report |
Mechanism for reporting an incident, usually by completing a document describing what happened, related to any adverse patient occurrence |
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informed consent |
A situation in which a patient gives voluntary permission to another party (i.e., surgeon or anesthesia provider) to perform the procedures that have been explained; includes the risks, benefits, possible complications, and alternative treatment options |
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liability |
(1) An obligation to do or not do something; (2) An obligation potentially or actually incurred as a result of a negligent act |
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malpractice |
Professional misconduct that results in harm to another; negligence of a health care professional |
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moral principles |
Guides for ethical decision making that include the concern individuals have for the well-being of others, respect for individual autonomy, basic justice, prevention of harm to others, and refusal to take unfair advantage |
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negligence |
Omission or commission of an act that a reasonable or prudent person would not do under the same conditions |
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Patient Care Partnership |
Replacing the AHA’s Patients’ Bill of Rights, this plain-language brochure informs patients about what they should expect during their hospital stay with regard to their rights and responsibilities |
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risk management |
The efforts of a health care provider organization to collect and utilize data to decrease the chance of harm to patients or staff or damage to property |
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Safe Medical Device Act |
Established in 1990, this act requires medical device users to report to the manufacturer and/or FDA incidents that reasonably suggest that there is a probability that a medical device has caused or contributed to the death, serious injury, or illness of a patient |
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scope of practice |
Professional duty limits based on state and federal law and on an individual’s education and experience |
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surgical conscience |
The basis for the practice of strict adherence to sterile technique by all surgical team members; involves a level of honesty and moral integrity that must be upheld |
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tort law |
Describes any civil wrong independent of a contract; allows for a remedy in the form of an action for damages |
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Certification |
Recognition by an appropriate body that an individual has met a predetermined standard |
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Licensure |
Legal right granted by a government agency in compliance with a statute that authorizes and oversees the activities of a profession |
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Registration |
Formal process by which qualified individuals are listed in a registry |
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Aegar Primo |
Motto of AST "the patient is first" |
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doctrine of borrowed servant |
one controlling or directing the employee has greater responsibility than the one paying the employee. this doctrine could be applied to the surgeon and the "captain of the ship" doctrine |
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doctrine of personal liability |
each person is responsible for his or her own conduct even though others may be liable as well, this doctrine could be applied to a surgeon delegating a task outside of your scope of practice. the surgeon delegating a a task outside of your scope of practice. the surgeon is wrong to do this, but if you perform the task you will be liable |
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primum non nocere |
"above all do no harm" |
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re ipsa loquitur |
"the thing speaks for itself" |
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HIPPA |
Federal act that establishes privacy standards to protect patients' medical records and other health-related information. |
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Tort |
A civil wrong that causes injury to another person that may be intentional or unintentional. |
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Liablity |
Legally responsible for damages; an obligation to do or not do something; may be personal or corporate |
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Negligence |
lack of skill or care, departure from the standard of care |
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Abandonment |
Leaving a patient who needs care and is dependent on the caregiver's presence |
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Incident report |
Report of an irregular or adverse patient occurrence |
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Standard of care |
Description of expected conduct for a given circumstances what a prudent caregiver would do in a similar circumstance |
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Ethics |
System of moral principles and rules that become standards of professional conduct |
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Malpractice |
Professional misconduct, lack of judgment or skill that results in harm to another |
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Iatrogenic injury |
Adverse outcome that results from the activity of health care professionals |
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slander |
oral statement that damages a person's reputation |
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Maslow’s hierarchy of needs |
A model developed by Maslow that expresses human development and progression using developmental stages that prioritize needs |
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patient |
The person receiving medical treatment |
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physical need |
Any need or activity related to genetics, physiology, or anatomy |
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psychological need |
A mental requirement or necessity for fulfillment as a person |
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social need |
A need to fit into society and to be accepted by one’s peers |
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spiritual need |
A need for a connection with a higher order |
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physiological needs |
most basic needs are biological needs such as the need for water, oxygen, food, and temperature regulation |
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safety needs |
these needs refer to the perception on the part of the individual that his or her environment is safe |
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belongingness and love needs |
these are basic social needs- to be known and cared for as an individual and to care for another |
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prestige and esteem needs |
this level of need refers to a positive evaluation of oneself a need to be respected and to respect others |
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self-actualization |
this is the need to fulfill what one believes is one's purpose |
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arterial blood gases (ABGs) |
A method of monitoring blood oxygenation levels & CO2 |
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autoimmune diseases |
A disease such as rheumatoid arthritis that attacks the body’s own tissues |
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central venous catheter |
A catheter passed through a peripheral vein and ending in the thoracic vena cava; it is used to measure venous pressure or to infuse concentrated solutions |
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diabetes mellitus |
A disorder of the endocrine system that affects the production of insulin in the pancreas; either type I (in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin) or type II (in which the pancreas produces different amounts of insulin) |
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enterocolitis |
Inflammation of the small intestine and colon |
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extruded |
Degree of function of an immune system that is designed to keep a patient from infection by pathogens |
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golden hour |
Concept that medical treatment of a trauma victim within the first hour following injury improves patient outcomes |
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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hypothermia |
Abnormally low body temperature, typically defined as a core body temperature that is below 35°C |
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intra-arterial measurement |
A method of ECG monitoring in which the intra-arterial catheter is inserted directly into the artery |
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Kaposi’s sarcoma |
A cancer that produces painful external and internal lesions; internally, the lesions can cause complications, such as difficulty in swallowing (if present in the esophagus) or bowel obstruction (when present in the intestine) |
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kernicterus |
A potentially lethal disease of newborns caused by excessive accumulation of the bile pigment bilirubin |
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kinematics |
An attempt to understand the mechanism of injury and the action and effect of a particular type of force on the human body |
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penetrating trauma |
Injury caused by a foreign object, such as a bullet or knife, that passes through tissue |
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pneumothorax |
Abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity |
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Revised Trauma Score (RTS) |
A scoring system used to assess the severity of a traumatic wound and to determine the condition of a patient |
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septic shock |
A state of shock produced by septicemia, when the body is overwhelmed by the pathogenic microorganisms and cannot adequately fight the infection |
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splenectomy |
Removal of the spleen |
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splenomegaly |
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
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torticollis |
An abnormal contracted state of a muscle(s) |
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urine output |
Amount of urine collected and measured from a patient over a given amount of time; indicator of kidney function |
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venous compression device |
A device used for patients who are prone to the development of thrombophlebitis; a patient is fitted with intermittent venous compression boots that inflate and deflate every few seconds to promote the movement of venous blood in the leg(s) |
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Adolescent |
13-18 year |
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Infant |
1-18 moths |
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Neonate |
birth to 28 days |
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Preschooler |
30 mo to 5 years |
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school age |
6-12 years |
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toddler |
18-30mo |
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airborne bacteria |
Transported or spread by air; the surgical technologist is primarily concerned with airborne bacteria |
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back table |
Large movable table that is covered with a sterile drape for placement of sterile instruments, supplies, and equipment for surgical procedures |
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breakpoints |
Points in the operating table that indicate where a section can be moved up or down |
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decontamination room |
Room that typically contains sinks for gross decontamination, an ultrasonic washer, and a washer-sterilizer to decontaminate instruments and equipment |
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electrosurgical unit (ESU) |
Mechanical device that produces an electric current that is converted into thermal energy (heat) for the purpose of cutting or coagulating tissue |
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high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter |
Filter that is capable of removing bacteria as small as 0.5–5 mm; utilized in the operating room to aid in preventing the patient from acquiring a postoperative wound infection |
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ionizing radiation |
Process by which energy either directly or indirectly induces ionization of radiation-absorbing material or tissues; X-rays |
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laminar airflow |
The unidirectional positive-pressure flow of air that captures microbes to be filtered |
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linen hamper |
Four-wheeled stand that can be lined with a biohazardous-marked bag for the collection of nondisposable linen during a surgical procedure |
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Mayo stand |
Small portable stand with a tray on top that is covered with a sterile drape and on which the instruments, equipment, and supplies that are most frequently used for the surgical procedure are placed; it is most often positioned over the patient’s legs |
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
Federal organization that is dedicated to protecting the health of workers by establishing standards that address issues related to safety in the workplace |
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pathology department |
The department responsible for testing and processing specimens, tissues, and body fluids to obtain a diagnosis |
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perfusionist |
The individual responsible for running and maintaining the cardiopulmonary bypass machine during open heart procedures |
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personal protective equipment (PPE) |
Attire worn to protect against exposure to physical and biological hazards |
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plume |
Smoke produced by laser or electrocautery that has been shown to contain biological material |
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polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) |
A chemical compound composed of a mixture of liquid and powder used for cementing prostheses during total joint arthroplasties; also referred to as bone cement |
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postanesthesia care unit (PACU) |
Area where immediate postoperative care of the patient takes place before transfer to the hospital room or ICU |
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prophylaxis |
Prevention of a disease or condition |
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restricted area |
The areas of an operating department (including the sterile storage areas of the surgery department) that require proper OR attire, including the wearing of a mask |
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ring stand |
A stand that is designed with one or two circular bands at the top to hold sterile basins |
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Standard Precautions |
Guidelines established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce the risk of disease transmission from blood and body fluids |
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suction outlet |
A wall or ceiling connection for a suction device |
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surgical site infection (SSI) |
An infection of the surgical wound that was acquired during the course of the surgical procedure |
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Nitrous oxide |
Blue |
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Oxygen |
Green |
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Conpressed air |
Yellow |
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Nitrogen |
Black |
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Carbon Dioxide |
Gary |
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active electrode |
Transfers concentrated electrical current into another medium (e.g., electrical current transformed into thermal energy) |
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Cartesian coordinate geometry |
Refers to the 16th-century philosopher René Descartes, who invented coordinate geometry; also called rectangular coordinate geometry |
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central processing unit (CPU) |
Silicon chip located within the computer case that is responsible for coordinating the operations of the computer, managing the computer systems, and facilitating the exchange of data with the computer memory |
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circuit |
The path that electricity travels between an energy source and its usage device(s) |
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degrees of freedom |
The number of ways in which a robotic manipulator moves |
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electrons |
The negatively charged particles circling the nucleus of an atom |
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free electrons |
The outermost electrons in the atom’s orbit that can most easily be attracted away from the nucleus |
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generator |
Devices that convert mechanical energy to electric energy |
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grounding pad |
A pad that is placed on a patient to complete the pathway for the electrical current back to the electrosurgical unit; also called the dispersive electrode |
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insulator |
Material that inhibits the flow of free electrons; typically prevents electron leakage and directs the flow to a destination |
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load |
The weight supported or force imposed |
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mass |
The property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field |
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modem |
A communications hardware device that enables the sending and receiving of data over a telephone line or cable; typically used to send e-mail or to access the Internet |
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monitor |
A visual interface for computers |
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mouse |
A hand device used to move a cursor on a computer monitor and select a file or function |
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neutrons |
Subatomic particles equal in mass to protons but without an electrical charge |
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patient return electrode |
New term that replaces dispersive (inactive) electrode; also called a grounding pad |
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plasma |
(1) Liquid portion of body fluid; (2) an ionized gas made primarily of free electrons and having a neutral charge |
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power |
The ability or capacity to perform or act effectively |
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pressure |
The force per unit of area; applied evenly over a surface |
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protons |
An elemental particle with a positive charge equal to the negative charge of the electron |
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switch |
A device used to open or close a circuit, thereby controlling the flow of electricity |
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Byte |
Equals to or holds one character |
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modem |
facilitates internet connections |
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usb port |
opening in front of back of computer tower; can also be found on sides of some monitors for insertion of a usb drive- thumb or flash drive |
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CPU |
"brains" of the computer that coordinates the operations of the computer |
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kilobyte |
1000 bytes |
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search engine for research |
uses key words or succinct phrases in parenthesis |
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terabyte |
1000 gigabytes (1 trillion characters) |
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BCC |
blind carbon copy, message can be sent to multiple people but no one sees who else got the message |
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word processing |
creation of a document |
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megabyte |
1000 kilobytes |
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Cartesian geometry |
Mathematical design that allows arm movement in a perpendicular axes along x,y, and z aes (up-down, right left and front -back) |
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Resolution |
Ability to differentiate between two objects |
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Binaural Hearing |
Stereo similar to human |
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Degrees of freedom |
Number of dimensions that a manipulator can move(usually three) |
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Degrees of rotation |
Angles of a joint that allow movement clockwise or counterclockwise around a joint/axis |
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Manipulator |
Robotic arm |
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Telechir |
Remotely controlled robot |
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Articulation |
Joint |
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Second generation |
Monitored robot with pressure or tactile sensors and vision or hearing capabilities |
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Third generation |
Autonomous or insect robot |
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Argon |
blue or green light beam, travels through clear fluid/tissues; useful for ophthalmic or cystoscopy surgery; absorbed by hemoglobin; useful in port wine dermabrasion; 208 or 220 volt service |
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ND:YAG |
Solid crystal invisible beam; useful in clear fluid environment; requires cooling system; delivery with contact or noncontact fibers; tips require careful handling |
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Holmium |
Flexible fiber delivery, 208 volt services; useful in arthroscopy/cystoscopy and clear fluid environments |
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Carbon dioxide |
Most common; least expensive; gas media; invisible beam; articulated mirror/lens delivery system requires care; useful in all surgery except clear fluid environments; absorbed by water |
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Laser Head |
Contains in media with mirrors at either end |
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Electromagnetic sepctrum |
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light X-rays and gamma rays |
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Energy Pump |
Excitation with electrical energy chemical energy or flash lamps |
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Delivery system |
articulated arm fixed optical array or fiber |
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Tissue effects |
Absorption; reflection or transmission |
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Laser beam characteristics |
monochromatic; collimated; fluence; coherent |
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autologous |
From one self |
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cardiac dysrhythmias |
Refers to any type of abnormal heart rhythm |
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cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
The act of manually providing chest compressions and ventilations to patients in cardiac arrest in an effort to provide oxygenated blood to the brain and vital organs, and reverse the processes that lead to death |
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compress |
to apply pressure |
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hemolysis |
The destruction of erythrocytes |
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hemostasis |
The arrest of the escape of blood through natural or artificial means |
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hemostat |
A device or agent used as a coagulant |
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homologous |
From the same species |
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hyperthermia |
Abnormally high body temperature |
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Rh (Rhesus) factor |
Genetically determined blood group antigen that is present on the surface of erythrocytes of some individuals; if the antigen is present the individual is Rh1 (positive) and if absent Rh– (negative) |
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suction |
The act of sucking up air or fluids through a device, such as a tonsil suction tip |
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Transfusion reaction |
Occurs when mismatched blood is given (mild to anaphylatic shock) |
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Dirty radiological bomb |
Thermal burns, flash blindness, poor immune resonse |
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nerve agent |
Rhinorrhea, dyspena seizure paralysis |
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mustard gas (vesicant) |
treated with epinephrine for extreme cases |
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phosgene (choking agent) |
pulmonary edema |
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anthrax |
skin lesions, flu-like symptoms, dyspnea, high fever shock |
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botulism |
neuroparalysis (nausea and vomiting) blurred vision slurred speech dysphagia |
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smal pox |
fever, aches, pain ,m maliaise, painful vesicular/pustular skin rash |
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most likely bioweapons |
smallpox and anthrax |
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CBRN |
Disaster code that requires decontamination procedures for patients coming into the hospital |
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BRP |
Health care facilites plan for delain with biological terrorist events |
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thrombus |
blood clot formed |
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drains |
used to eliminate dead space and hematoma formation |
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ADP |
Released along with epinephrine, causing platelets to clump and forming small initial thrombus |
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Vasoconstriction |
Initial response when a blood vessel is cut or injured |
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Fibrin |
Formed from the reaction of thrombin with fibrinogen to form a matrix that leads to a moresolid cut |
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Sequential compression device |
Prevents venous stasis and deep-vein thrombosis |
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endothelial cells |
interacts with platelets and clotting factors after trauma or certain vessel diseases |
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coagulation |
bodily process to control blood loss resulting in hemostasis |
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thrombin |
formed from the reaction of prothrombin with thromboplastin |
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pledgets |
provides pressure as a buttress over small holes to prevent bleeding |
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Agonist |
Refer to an agent that stimulates or prolongs the response of a drug or a physiologic action |
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Amnesia |
Lack of recall |
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Anaphylaxis |
An immediate hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign protein or other specific substance |
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anesthesia |
Absence of sensation |
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antagonist |
Refers to an agent used to block the action of another drug or physiological action without producing any effect of its own |
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antimuscarinic/anticholinergic |
Refers to an agent used to block parasympathetic effects such as salivation and bradycardia |
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aspiration |
Drawing in or out by suction |
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biotechnology |
The making of drugs in the laboratory using genetic engineering; also referred to asrecombinant DNA technology |
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buccal |
Pertaining to the cheek or mouth |
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contraindication |
A reason why a specific procedure or drug may be undesirable or improper in a particular situation |
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Doppler |
Ultrasonic device used to identify and assess vascular status of peripheral arteries and veins by magnifying the sound of the blood moving through the vessel |
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drug |
Agent used as a medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prophylaxis of a disease or condition |
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generic |
Nonproprietary name for a drug that is often a shortened version of the chemical name and may include a reference to the intended use |
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homeostasis |
The reactions in the body that act and counteract to maintain the body in a normal physiological state |
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hypnosis |
Altered state of consciousness that may be achieved by suggestion of another, an individual’s own concentration, or with the use of a substance |
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indication |
A reason to perform a specific procedure or prescribe a certain drug |
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induction |
The second phase of general anesthesia, in which the patient is given induction drugs and intubated |
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intra-articular |
Within a joint |
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laryngospasm |
Sudden involuntary contraction of the larynx capable of causing partial or total occlusion of the larynx |
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NPO |
Nothing by mouth; Latin acronym for nil per os |
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parenteral |
Taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract, as by intravenous or intramuscular injection. |
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pharmacodynamics |
The interaction of drug molecules with target cells, resulting in biochemical and physiological actions |
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pharmacokinetics |
The study of the movement of drugs through the body, involving absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion |
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pharmacology |
The study of drugs and their actions |
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retrobulbar |
Behind the eyeball or pons |
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sedative |
Agent that produces a soothing or quieting effect but does not cause the person to sleep |
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topical |
As pertaining to anesthesia, an agent that is applied to the surface of the skin or anatomical structure (such as the eye) to produce a loss of feeling or sensation in the area of application; blocks the nerve conduction of superficial nerves |
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volatile agents |
A group of liquids that easily evaporate and, when inhaled, produce general anesthesia through interaction with the CNS |
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Additive |
Given with a medication to alter some aspect of the medications action |
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Adverse effect |
Undesirable and potentially harmful effect that can lead to organ damage or failure |
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Mitigation |
given to reduce the force or intensity of a disease or condition |
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Duration |
Overall period of time that the effects of the medications occur |
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Onset |
Period of time required for the effects of a drug to occur |
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Peak effect |
Period of time when the maximum effect of a medication occurs |
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Prophylaxis |
Given 1 hour prior to incision to prevent SSI |
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Side effect |
Expected, undesirable, but tolerable effect of medication |
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Contraindication |
Conditions or circumstances under which a medication should not be used |
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tolerance |
Effect of medication given over a period of time is reduced |
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Analgesic |
Relieves pain |
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Anesthetic |
Produces partial or complete loss of sensation |
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Antibiotic |
Prevents or treats infection |
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Anticholinergic or antimuscarinic |
Blocks parasympathetic impulses |
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Antiemetic |
Prevents or treats nausea and vomiting |
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Anti-inflammatory |
Prevents or treats pain, redness, swelling, or heat |
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Antipyretic |
Relieves fever |
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Controlled substance |
Drugs with potential for addiction |
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Contrast media |
Appears radiopaque on X-ray |
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Cycloplegic |
Paralyzes he cilliary muscle |
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Anticoagulant |
Prevents clot or thrombus formation |
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Diuretic |
Increases urine output or treat edema |
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Dye |
Colors or marks tissue |
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Fibrinolytic |
Dissolves clots or thrombus- enzyme |
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Hemostatic |
Enhances formation of clot or thrombus |
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Hormone |
Enhances formation of clot or thrombus |
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Miotic |
Constricts pupil |
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mydriatic |
dilates pupil |
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sedative |
Reduces mental anxiety and promotes sleep |
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Vasoconstrictor |
Increase blood pressure |
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Lidocaine |
Antiarrhythmia and anesthetic |
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Dantrolene |
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia |
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Epinephrine |
Hormone vasoconstrictor |
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Benzodiazepines |
Preoperative sedative |
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Atropine |
Anticholinergic or antimuscarinic-decrease mucous secretions or treat bradycardia |
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Nitrous oxide |
Gas anesthetic; may increase ear pressure |
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Heprain |
Anticoagulant use for vascular cases |
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Thrombin |
Hemostatic agent never given via IV |
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Mannitol |
Osmotic diuretic |
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Bacitracin |
Antibiotic |
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Avitene |
Collagen kept dry prior to placement |
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Epinephrine |
Vasoconstrictor mixed with Gelfoam or soaked sponges |
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Gelfoam |
Gelatin powder or pad that deposits fibrin |
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Silver nitrate |
Caustic pencil or swab stick for cervical or nasal bleeding |
