Surface

Front 1

Removalof barren or sub-ore grade earthy or rock materials required to expose andpermit the mineable grade of ore to be mined. The removal of these non-orematerials is known as stripping

Back 1

Advance stripping

Front 2

Pertainingto alluvium. Adjectivley used to identify particular types of, or mineralsfound associated with, deposits made by flowing water as, alluvial fan,alluvial terrace, alluvial gold.

Back 2

Alluvial

Front 3

earth,sand, gravel or other rock or mineral materials transported by and laid downby flowing water

Back 3

Alluvial Deposit

Placer Deposit

Front 4

Claysilt, sand, gravel, or other rock materials transported by flowing water anddeposited in comparatively recent geologic time as sorted or semi-sortedsediments in river beds, estuaries, and floor plains, on lakes, shores and infans at the base of mountain slopes, and estuaries

Back 4

Alluvium

Front 5

theangle at which strata or mineral deposits are inclined to the horizontal plane

Back 5

Angle of Dip

Front 6

Themaximum slope at which a heap of any loose or fragmented solid material willstand without sliding or come to rest when poured or dumped in a pile or on aslope

Back 6

Angle of rest

Angle of repose

Front 7

Theslope, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal, on which loose orfragmented solid materials will start to slide; it is a slightly greater angleof rest

Back 7

Angle of slide

Front 8

Operationof refilling an area where overburden has been removed, including the gradingof the refilled excavation

Back 8

Backfill

Front 9

Specifically,a usually steeply sloping mass of any earthy or rock material rising above thedigging level from which the soil or rock is to be dug from its natural orblasted position in a n open pit mine or quarry

Back 9

Bank

Bench Face

Front 10

Thevertical height of a bank as measured between its highest point or crest andits toe at the digging level or bench

Back 10

Bank Height

Bench Height

Digging Height

Front 11

Theangle, measured in degrees of deviation from the horizontal, at which theearthly or rock material will stand in an excavated, terrace like cut in anopen-pit mine or quarry

Back 11

Bank Slope

Bench Slope

Front 12

Astratum of coal or other sedimentary deposit

Back 12

Bed

Front 13

Aledge, which in open-pit mines and quarries, forms a single level of operationabove which mineral or waste materials are excavated from a contiguous bank orbench face. The mineral or waste is removed in successive layers, each of whichis a bench, several of which may be in operation simultaneously in differentparts of, and at different elevations in an open-pit mine or quarry

Back 13

Bench

Front 14

Aprotective strip of land on each side of a stream that is not to be disturbed ymining unless a variance is granted

Back 14

Buffer zone

Front 15

Ahorizontal shelf or ledge built into an embankment or sloping wall of an openpit or quarry to break the continuity of an otherwise long slope for thepurpose of strengthening and increasing the stability of the slope or to catchor arrest slope slough material

Back 15

Berm

Front 16

Mayalso be used as a haulage road or serve as a bench above which material isexcavated from a bank or bench face. This is sometimes used as a synonymfor bench

Back 16

Berm

Front 17

Verticaldistance from crest of berm to its underlying toe, as in a bank or bench

Back 17

Berm Interval

Front 18

Adredge whose digging mechanism consists of a ladder like tress on the peripheryof which is attached an endless chain which rides on sprocket wheels and on whichbuckets are attached

Back 18

Bucket-ladder

Bucket-line dredge

Front 19

Acontinuous digging machine originally designed and used in large-scalestripping and mining of East German brown coal deposits. Its digging mechanismis essentially a boom on which is mounted a rotating vertical wheel having bucketson is periphery. As the rotating wheel is pressed into the material to be dug,the buckets cut, gather and discharge the material onto a conveyor belt whereit is moved to the mined-materials transport system

Back 19

Bucket Wheel Excavator(BWE)

Front 20

Atractor on the front end of which is mounted a vertically curved steel bladeheld at a fixed distance by arms secured on a pivot or shaft near thehorizontal center of the tractor. The blade can be lowered or tilted verticallyby cables or hydraulic rams

Back 20

Bulldozer

Dozer

Front 21

Itis a highly versatile piece of earth excavating and moving equipment especiallyuseful in land clearing and leveling work, in stripping topsoil, in road andramp building and in floor or bench cleanup and gathering operations

Back 21

Bulldozer

Dozer

Front 22

Thedistance between the explosive charge and the free face of the material to beblasted

Back 22

Burden

Front 23

Barrenor non-ore material that overlies and must be removed to gain access to mineablegrade material. Frequently called cover

Back 23

Burden

Front 24

Aself-loading carrier device with a scraperlike, retractable bottom usuallyself-propelled and used especially for excavating and hauling unconsolidated orcrushed rock and earthly materials

Back 24

Carryall

Carryall Scraper

Scraper

Front 25

Atwin-jawed bucket without teeth, usually hung from the boom of a crane that canbe either crawler or wheel mounted. The bucket is dropped in the open positiononto the material to be excavated or handled. It is then closed, encompassingmaterial between the hinged two halves

Back 25

Clamshell

Front 26

Aline on a map that connects all points on a surface having the same elevation

Back 26

Contour

Front 27

Aterm applied to the method of blasting in which large charges are fired insmall adits or tunnels driven, at the level of the floor, in the face of aquarry or slope of an open-pit mine

Back 27

Coyote blasting

Coyote-hole blasting

Gopher-hole blasting

Front 28

Oneof a pair of an endless chain of plates driven by sprockets and used instead ofwheels, by certain power shovels, tractors, bulldozers, drilling machines,etc., as a means of propulsion. Also any machine mounted on such tracks

Back 28

Crawler

Front 29

Adigging bucket rigidly attached to a stick or arm on an excavating machine;also the machine itself

Back 29

Dipper

Front 30

Thestraight shaft which connects the digging bucket with the boom on an excavatingmachine or power shovel

Back 30

Dipper Stick

Front 31

Apercussive or hammer drill in which the bit-driven mechanism is locatedimmediately behind the dril bit and is small enough in diameter to permit it toenter and follow the bit down into the hole drilled

Back 31

Down-the-hole drill

Front 32

Anyapparatus used for excavating under water. Usually a large raft, barge, or boaton which are mounted a chain of buckets, suction pumps, or other devices to digand elevate the materials from a subaqueous deposits

Back 32

Dredge

Front 33

Atype of excavating equipment which casts a rope-hung bucket a considerabledistance, collects the dug material by pulling the bucket toward itself on theground with a second rope, elevates the bucket, and dumps the material on aspoil bank, in a hopper, or on a pile

Back 33

Dragline

Front 34

Theact of using a dredge to excavate underwater deposits

Back 34

Dredging

Front 35

Theinitial cut made in the floor of an open pit or quarry for the purpose ofdeveloping a bench at a level below the floor

Back 35

Drop Cut

Front 36

Termapplied to the dissolving and recovering minerals from sub-ore-grade materialsfrom a mine dump. The dump is irrigated with water, sometimes acidified, which percolatesinto and through the dump and runoff from the bottom of the dump is collectedand mineral in solution is recovered by a chemical reaction

Back 36

Dump Leaching

Front 37

Aterm applied to the down slope movement of a part of an earth embankment whenthe distance moved is sufficient to break up the blocks and pulverize the earthenough so that the major part of the moving mass moves in a somewhat fluidmanner

Back 37

Earth slide

Front 38

Aterm applied to down slope movement of part of an earth embankment in blocklike masses without other apparent deformation than the change in level

Back 38

Earth slump

Front 39

Atractor loader with a digging bucket mounted and operated at the front end ofthe tractor

Back 39

Front end loader

Front 40

Apit from which or in which material dumped into it is fed by gravity to anunderground haulage system

Back 40

Glory hole

Front 41

Theincline of a road, railway, skipway, etc., in terms of degrees from thehorizontal, percent of rise to the horizontal projection

Back 41

Grade

Front 42

Thepercentage of each valuable mineral in an ore

Back 42

Grade

Front 43

Tostrip ground down slope by means of a directed stream of water to excavateplacer material and transport it to a riffled through in which the valuablemineral is recovered

Back 43

Ground sluicing

Front 44

Aroad built to carry heavily loaded trucks at a good speed. The grade is limitedon this type of rad and usually kept to less than 17% of climb in direction ofload movement

Back 44

Haul Road

Front 45

Theunexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal or ore in an opencast mine orthe face or bank on the uphill side of a contour strip mine excavation

Back 45

Highwall

Front 46

Adevice for directing a high-pressure jet of water in hydraulicking

Back 46

Hydraulic monitor

Giant monitor

Front 47

Itis essentially a swivel-mounted, counter-weighted nozzle attached to a tripodor other type of stand and so designed that one man can easily control anddirect the vertical and lateral movements of the nozzle

Back 47

Hydraulic monitor

Giant monitor

Front 48

Theuse of high-velocity jet flames to drill holes in hard rocks, as taconite, andto cut channels in granite quarries.

Back 48

Jet piercing

Front 49

Itinvolves combustion of oxygen and a fuel oil fed under pressure through anozzle to produce a jet flame generating a temperature of over 5,000F. A streamof water joins the flame, and the combined effect is a thermodynamic spallingand disintegration of the rock into fragments which are blown from the hole orcut

Back 49

Jet piercing

Front 50

Materialsufficiently mineralized to be economically recoverable by selectively dissolvingthe wanted mineral in a suitable solvent

Back 50

Leach material

Front 51

Materializedmaterials stacked so as to permit wanted minerals to be effectively dissolvedby application of a suitable solute

Back 51

Leach pile

Front 52

Theextraction of a mineral from an ore by selectively dissolving it in a suitablesolvent, as water or water somewhat acidified by addition of sulphuric acid,hydrochloric acid, etc.

Back 52

Leaching

Front 53

Mechanicalshovels or other machines singly or in combination used to load excavated orstockpiled materials into trucks, mine cars, conveyors, or other materials transportationor haulage units

Back 53

Loading equipment

Front 54

Thebreaking of rocks, etc. using a slurried explosive medium containing a powderedmetal ,as powdered aluminum

Back 54

Metalized slurry blasting

Front 55

Thecalculation of overburden moved per clean ton of coal or ore produced

Back 55

Mining ratio

Front 56

Amine working or excavation open to the surface

Back 56

Open-pit mine

Front 57

Therock which is broken (and sometimes must be excavated) by blasting outside theintended area or line of break

Back 57

Overbreak

Backbreak

Front 58

Mayoccur as the result of misalignment or unintentional overcharging of blastholesor intentionally overbreaking as in the toe of a bench face to facilitatedigging to grade

Back 58

Overbreak

Backbreak

Front 59

The selective removal of a mineral by causinga suitable solvent to seep into and through a mass or pile of material containingdesired soluble mineral

Back 59

Percolation leaching

Front 60

Thematerial that is removed from the earth’s surface to uncover mineral deposits

Back 60

Overburden

Front 61

Thevertical and lateral extent to which the mining of a mineral deposit by openpitting may be economically carried.

Back 61

Pit limits

Front 62

Theangle at which the wall of an open pit or cut stands as measured along animaginary plane extended along the crests of the berms or from the slope crestto its toe

Back 62

Pit slope

Front 63

Forpurposes of this volume, unconsolidated deposits of detrital materialcontaining valuable mineral

Back 63

Placer deposits

Front 64

Anexcavating and loading machine consisting of a digging bucket a the end of anarm suspended from a boom, which extends cranelike from that part of themachine which houses the powerplant. When digging the bucket moves forward andupward so that the machine does not usually excavate below the level at whichit stands

Back 64

Power shovel

Front 65

Anopen or surface working usually for the extraction of building stone, slate,aggregate, limestone, ettc.

Back 65

Quarry

Front 66

Amaterials transportation system consisting of gondola cars, and the steel railson which the cars are moved about which a suitably powered traction unit as alocomotive

Back 66

Rail haulage system

Front 67

Therestoration of land and environment after the mineral deposit is extracted

Back 67

Reclamation

Front 68

Thatportion of the identified mineral deposit that can be economically mined at thetime of determination

Back 68

Reserve

Front 69

Ameasure of the ease or difficulty with which a rock or earth material can bebroken by tractor-drawn rippers or rigid steel tines into pieces that can beeconomically moved by other equipment, usually scrapers

Back 69

Rippability

Front 70

Excavating alluvia or other mineral deposits by means of high-pressure jets

Back 70

Hydraulicking