Sur2001 Test 2 Review

Front 1

What are the two types of grade?

Back 1

1. ground/floor level
2. slope/constant rate

Front 2

Define “vertical curve”.

Back 2

A sloped line which continuously changes grade, or constant drop/slope

Front 3

What are the two methods for marking grades?

Back 3

1. Marking constant distance above grade
(Set a point at top of a driven stake, then drive all stakes at the same/constant distance from grade.)
2. Marking CUT/FILL on stake
(Set a point at top of driven stake, then mark stake up/down from true grade. These measurements are called CUT/FILL. Con: hard to hammer stakes accurately. *This method used in class.)

Front 4

Define “cut/fill”.

Back 4

Measurement up/down to invert grade or designated mark. Cut is not dirt to dig up.

Front 5

How do you establish an invert elevation?

Back 5

1. compute invert elev from plans
2. drive stake near the line
3. take a shot on stake ans figure its elev
4. subtract pipe elev from stake elev, get a cut

Front 6

Define “grade rod” and give math equation.

Back 6

-Rod reading that would give a cut of zero.
-computed, since pipe not in place yet
Grade Rod= HI-Invert Grade

Front 7

Define “stations”

Back 7

Stakes (aka pluses ) marking every 100 ft

Front 8

Stations are usually numbered from ___ to ___ (or ___ to ___), so that the north direction may be to the __ (or ___) of paper when line is plotted, numbering left to right.

Back 8

Numbered south to north, or west to east
North is no top or right-hand side of paper

Front 9

Location survey is:

Back 9

The first survey made of the pipeline

Front 10

Ground elevations plotted to scale and plot/cross-section of the ground along the centerline of the pipe is:

Back 10

Profile

Front 11

Define “offset line” and “offset stakes”

Back 11

Offset line: line of stakes far enough from centerline of pipe (grade reading) so as to not be disturbed by excavation
Offset stakes: stakes on offset line where measurements are taken (stake reading)

Front 12

What does “tackpoint” mean?

Back 12

To set exact points (ie plumb bob on transit?)

Front 13

Rod readings marked “G” are:

Back 13

Readings on the ground at the centerline of pipe

Front 14

Rod readings marked “S” are:

Back 14

Readings taken on top of the offset stakes
*CUT here does not mean dirt dug, instead it’s the distance downward from the top of the stake to the invert of the pipe.

Front 15

What are more common types of pipelines?

Back 15

1. storm sewers
2. ditch grades
3. sanitary sewer
4. water/gas/oil lines
5. hot water/steam lines
6. electrical conduit

Front 16

A planning profile sheet is drawn by ___ from ___.

Back 16

Draftsman from survey notes

Front 17

A surveyor’s skill is ___.

Back 17

Knowing ‘where’ to measure, not necessarily ‘how’.

Front 18

What is a lender’s survey certificate?

Back 18

Survey plot and title or “clear/free title”

Front 19

For an initial layout, site drawings rarely offer difficulties, but engineers should check all ‘controlling points’ such as:

Back 19

1. conflict of piping (other pipes)
2. conflict of piping and grades (elevations)
3. errors in controlling elevations (sewers)
4. errors in critical items on orig survey (vs actual)
5. poor ground grades
6. true location of underground utilities in way

Front 20

List some types of layout info furnished by the engineer: (part 1)

Back 20

1. elevation and location of sidewalks/curbs
2. layout of paved areas
3. loc of power poles, wires, transformers
4. line/grades for underground utilities
5. temp facilities: shed, water, powers, parking

Front 21

List some types of layout info furnished by the engineer: (part 2)

Back 21

6. line/grade for overall site grading
7. “hunting locations” that must be modified/avoided
8. wells
9. parking lot light standards
10. corners/elevations of buildings

Front 22

Define reference marks.

Back 22

Denote marks/points used to reset points in plan rather than in elevation

Front 23

The requirements for reference points are:

Back 23

1. must be permanent
2. must have enough reference points
3. resetting points should be easy/simple
4. if possible, no notes should be req’d to reset points

Front 24

What are the various techniques used for reference points?

Back 24

1. rectangular tie-in (right angle) (baseline method??)
2. polar tie-in (angle/distance)
3. intersection tie-in (angle intersection)

Front 25

What is the purpose of a batter board?

Back 25

1. locate corners of building
2. referenced elevation

Front 26

What are the three methods used to check if a building is square?

Back 26

1. check angles w/ instrument
2. 3/4/5 angles
3. cross diagonals
*use 1 method to payout, another to check (in class we used #1 and checked with #3)