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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Marbury v. Madison
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1803: -William Marbury (one of Adams' midnight appointments), sued Secretary of State Madison to force delivery of his commission as a justice of the peace in the federal district; Marshall would not rule on it, because he said the law that gave the Supreme Court power to rule over such matter was unconstitutional
-established the policy of judicial review over federal legislation -Precedent of the Supreme Court's power to rule on the constitutionality of federal laws |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Fletcher v. Peck
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1810: -Georgia legislature issued extensive land grants to Yazoo Land Company; afterwards, it was considered corrupt, so there was a legislative session that repealed the action
-Court ruled that the original contract was valid and could not be broken |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Dartmouth College v. Woodward
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1819: -Republicans back the president of the college, Federalists backed the trustees
-president try to make it a public institution (instead of private) by having the charter revoked -ruled that even though charter was granted by the king, it was still a contract and thus could not be changed without the consent of both parties |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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McCulloch v. Maryland
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1819: -state of MD tried to levy a tax on the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States (to protect the competitive position of state banks)
-ruled against state, b/c state had no right to control an agency of the federal gov't |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Gibbons v. Ogden
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1824: -NY state had granted monopoly to Ogden of Hudson River. Gibbons obtained a permit from Congress to operate steamboat there
-Ogden sued, and state ruled in his favor -Marshall ruled that it was interstate commerce and could not be regulated by a state (only Congress could) - the monopoly was then voided |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
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1831: -Court refused to hear case, which the Cherokees brought forward, b/c GA had abolished their tribal legislature and courts (said that because the tribe was a "foreign nation, the decision should be made by the Supreme Court)
-Marshall said they really were not foreign nations (they just had special status) |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Worcester v.Georgia
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1832: -GA state gov't said any US citizen who wanted to enter Cherokee territory had to obtain permission from the governor
-GA law was overturned, b/c the federal gov't had the constitutionally mandated role of regulating trade with the tribes -Jackson said of Marshall "John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it" |
Chief Justice John Marshall
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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1856: -Dred Scott, (slave from Missouri), had been taken to Illinois (a free state) by his owner for several years, so he sued for his freedom
-ruled that he, as a slave, was not a slave, and could not sue in court |
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Munn v. Illinois
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1877: -upheld Granger Laws that regulated railroads
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Wabash Case (Wabash, St.Louis, and Pacific Railroad Co. v. Illinois)
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1886: -ruled one of the Granger laws in Illinois was unconstitutional because it tried to control interstate commerce, which was a power of Congress only
-restricted state regulation of commerce |
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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United States v. E.C. Knight Co.
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1895: -Congress charged that a single trust controlled 98% of refined sugar manufacturing in the US, but Court rejected case because trust was involved in manufacturing, NOT interstate commerce (which was what Congress could control), so, trust was not illegal
-weakened Sherman Antitrust Act |
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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1896: -ruled that segregation was allowed, as long as the facilities were "separate but equal"
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Korematsu v. United States
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1944: - Roosevelt's 1942 order that Issei and Nisei be relocated to concentration camps was challenged
-Court upheld it |
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Smith v. Allwright
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1944: -Supreme Court stopped the Texas primary elections because they had violated the 15th amendment by being restricted only to whites
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Sweatt v. Painter
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1950: -ruled that blacks must be allowed to attend integrated law schools in OK and TX
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
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1954: -NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall challenge decision from Plessy v. Ferguson
-Court ruled that the separate educational facilities were not equal -1955 - said states must "integrate with great speed" **(note: when Court announces Brown II decision, Montgomery bus boycotts began |
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Engel v. Vitale
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1962: -ruled that prayers in public schools were unconstitutional
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Miranda v. Arizona
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1966: -confirmed the obligation of authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her rights
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Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
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1971: -Court ruled in favor of forced busog to achieve racial balance in schools
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Furman v. Georgia
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1972: -overturned existing capital punishment statutes and established strict new guidelines for such laws in the future
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Roe v. Wade
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1973: -based on new theory of constitutional "right to privacy" (first recognized in Grizwold v. Connecticut)
-invalidated all laws prohibiting abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy |
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Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
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1989: -Court upheld a law from Missouri that prohibited public employees from performing abortions, unless the life of the mother was threatened
-because of this decisions, some states tried to create similar laws |
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Commonwealth v. Hunt (not Supreme Court)
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-Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that unions and strikes were legal
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