Supporting Respiratory Function Terminology

Front 1

Ineffective Breathing Pattern

Back 1

state in which the rate, depth, timing, rhythm or chest/abdominal wall excursion during inspiration, expiration or both does not maintain optimum ventilation for the individual (Workbook)

Front 2

Ineffective Airway Clearance

Back 2

when the patient is unable to clear the airway of secretions or obstructions (Workbook)

Front 3

Impaired Gas Exchange

Back 3

one cannot maintain adequate oxygenation (hypercapnia or hypoxemia) at the alveolar level (Workbook)

Front 4

Accessory Muscle of Respiration

Respiration

Back 4

Primary: diaphragm; Accessory: sternocleidomastoid, scaleni, intercostals; Expiration Accessory: internal intercostals and abdominals
-Accessory muscles aid the diaphragm (primary muscle) (Fund. pg. 893)

-interchange of gases between an organism and the mechanism in which it lives; act of breathing (Tabers pg. 2009)

Front 5

Airway Resistance

Back 5

-amount of opposition to airflow within air passages
-diameter and length of airways determine airway resistance
-normally low (Fund. pg. 894)

Front 6

Surfactant

Back 6

-surface active agent that lowers surface tension (Tabers pg. 2243)

-lipoprotein mixture secreted by the alveolar epithelium that acts like a detergent to reduce surface tension and hold alveoli open (Fund. pg. 894)

Front 7

Hypoventilation

Back 7

-decrease in rate and depth of breathing
-PaCO2 >45 mm Hg
-RR <10 BPM (Fund. pg. 905)

Front 8

Hyperventilation

Back 8

-increase in rate and depth of breathing
-PaCO2 <35 mm Hg (Fund. pg. 905)

Front 9

Dypsnea

Back 9

difficulty breathing usually associated with increased rate of breathing (Fund. pg. 906)

Front 10

Stridor

Back 10

-shrill, harsh sound, especially the respiration sound heard during inspiration in the laryngeal obstruction
-indicates a narrowing of the larynx or trachea and secretions are probably retained below the obstruction (Fund. pg. 907)

Front 11

Wet Respirations

Back 11

audible, bubbling sound with inspiration and expirations (Fund. pg. 907)

Front 12

Wheezing

Back 12

-indicates obstructive breathing (from inflammation, mucus, edema, foreign body or a mass) and is accompanied by retention of secretions
-continuous high pitched musical sounds
-bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm (Fund. pg. 906-907)

Front 13

Productive Cough

Sputum

Cough

Back 13

cough that results in exportation of sputum (Fund. pg. 907)

-mucus expelled from the lung by coughing (Tabers pg. 2188)

-attempt to clear airway (Fund. pg. 907)

Front 14

Hemoptysis

Back 14

coughing or spitting up of blood as a result of bleeding from any part of the lower respiratory tract (Fund. pg. 908)

Front 15

Hypercapnia

Back 15

-retention of CO2 in blood/fluid
-synonymous with acidosis from a respiratory cause
-in body fluids, CO2 combines with H2O to form carbonic acid which decreases the pH when a client hypoventilates or stops breathing
-PaCO2 >45 mm Hg (Fund. pg. 909)

Front 16

Incentive Spirometer (IS)

Back 16

device that provides a visual goal for and measurement of inspiration thus encouraging the client to execute and sustain maximal inspiration (Fund. pg. 1345)

Front 17

Pursed Lip Breathing

Back 17

technique of mouth breathing that creates slight resistance to exhalation by contracting the lips to reduce size of opening, thus maintaining an even reduction of intrathoracic pressure during exhalation (Fund. pg. 1350)

Front 18

TCDB

Back 18

Turn, Cough, Deep, Breath (Online)

Front 19

Atelectasis

Back 19

a collapsed or airless state of the lung or a portion of a lung caused by obstruction, hypoventilation, restriction to expansion or absence of surfactant; may be a whole lung, lobe or lobule or it may be diffuse microateletasic (scattered microscopic areas of collapse that cumulatively represent significant nonfunctional lung tissue (Fund. pg. 900)

Front 20

Pneumothorax

Back 20

air from lung leaking into pleural space or atmospheric air entering pleural space through a traumatic opening in chest wall; spontaneous pneumothorax can occur at high altitudes in depressurized airplane cabins (Fund. pg. 900)

Front 21

Expectorant

Back 21

used to loosen or liquefy mucus so it can be coughed out more easily (Fund. pg. 926)

Front 22

Mucolytic

Back 22

medication that alters the viscosity of mucus so that is is more easily expectorated (Fund. pg. 928)

Front 23

Antitussive

Back 23

-cough suppressant
-antithetical to goal of expectoration of sputum given for symptomatic relief (Fund. pg. 928)

Front 24

Postural Drainage

Back 24

-a technique in which the client assumes one or more positions that will facilitate the drainage of secretions from bronchial airways

-accomplished by placing client in positions that allow gravity to facilitate drainage of mucus out of lobes of lungs and bronchopulmonary segments and into larger bronchi (Fund. pg. 928)

Front 25

Bronchial Breath Sounds

Back 25

normal sounds heard over the main bronchus (Fund. pg. 166)

Front 26

Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds

Back 26

-normal breath sounds heard over the right and left bronchi
-combination of sounds from bronchi and alveoli (Fund. pg. 166)

Front 27

Vesicular Breath Sounds

Back 27

-soft rustling sound heard over peripheral lung fields
-characteristically higher pitched during inspiration and falling rapidly during expiration (Fund. pg. 166)

Front 28

Adventitious Breath Sounds

Back 28

-produced by a source other than normal lung
-3 types: discontinuous, coarse and fine crackles; continuous, including wheezes and rubs, grating sounds heard on end inspiration and beginning of expiration and caused by rubbing together of inflamed pleural surfaces (Fund. pg. 166)

Front 29

Crackles

Back 29

-fine vs. coarse
-fine are discontinuous fine crackling sound at middle or end of inspiration; sound of alveoli popping open
-coarse are bubbling sound, mucus in bronchioles called rales or bubbling rhonci (Fund. pg. 906)