Supplementary Terms Of Urinary System

Front 1

A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte
excretion by the kidneys

Back 1

aldosterone

醛甾酮

Front 2

The volume of plasma that can be cleared of a substance by the kidneys
per unit of time; renal plasma clearance

Back 2

clearance

清除

Front 3

A nitrogen-containing byproduct of muscle metabolism. An increase
in creatinine in the blood is a sign of renal failure.

Back 3

creatinine

肌酸酐

Front 4

The muscle in the bladder wall

Back 4

detrusor muscle

逼尿肌

Front 5

Increased excretion of urine

Back 5

diuresis

利尿

Front 6

The amount of filtrate formed per minute by the nephrons of both
kidneys

Back 6

glomerular filtration

肾小球过滤

Front 7

The maximum rate at which a given substance can be transported
across the renal tubule; tubular maximum

Back 7

maximal transport
capacity (Tm)

Front 8

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus considered as a unit; the
filtration device of the kidney

Back 8

renal corpuscle

肾小体

Front 9

A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the
two ureters and the urethra (see Fig. 13-4)

Back 9

trigone

膀光三角

Front 10

Lack of urination

Back 10

anuresis

尿闭

Front 11

Lack of urine formation

Back 11

anuria

无尿

Front 12

Presence of an increased amount of nitrogenous waste, especially
urea, in the blood

Back 12

azotemia

氮血(症)

Front 13

Presence of an increased amount of nitrogen-containing compounds,
especially urea, in the urine

Back 13

azoturia

氮尿症

Front 14

Herniation of the bladder into the vagina (see Fig. 15-17); vesicocele

Back 14

cystocele

膀胱膨出

Front 15

Excessive loss of body fluids

Back 15

dehydration

脱水

Front 16

A condition caused by inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone
resulting in excessive excretion of dilute urine and extreme
thirst

Back 16

diabetes insipidus

尿崩症

Front 17

Involuntary urination, usually at night; bed-wetting

Back 17

enuresis

遗尿

Front 18

A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the dorsal surface
of the penis as a groove or cleft; anaspadias

Back 18

epispadias

尿道上裂

Front 19

Presence of glucose in the urine, as in cases of diabetes mellitus

Back 19

glycosuria

尿糖

Front 20

A congenital union of the lower poles of the kidneys, resulting in a
horseshoe-shaped organ (Fig. 13-12)

Back 20

horseshoe kidney

先天融合肾

Front 21

Distention of the ureter with urine caused by obstruction

Back 21

hydroureter

输尿管积水

Front 22

Decreased amount of protein in the blood; may result from loss of
protein because of kidney damage

Back 22

hypoproteinemia

低蛋白血症

Front 23

A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the undersurface
of the penis or into the vagina (Fig. 13-13)

Back 23

hypospadias

尿道下裂

Front 24

A decrease in blood volume

Back 24

hypovolemia

低血容量

Front 25

Inability to retain urine. Incontinence may originate with a neurologic
disorder, trauma to the spinal cord, weakness of the pelvic muscles,
urinary retention, or impaired bladder function. Term also
applies to inability to retain semen or feces.

Back 25

incontinence

失禁

Front 26

Any bladder dysfunction that results from a central nervous system
lesion

Back 26

neurogenic bladder

神经性膀胱

Front 27

Excessive urination at night (noct/o means “night”)

Back 27

nocturia

夜尿

Front 28

Edema in which the skin, when p

Back 28

pitting edema

指压性水肿

Front 29

A hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain
many cysts

Back 29

polycystic kidney
disease

多囊肾

Front 30

Excessive thirst

Back 30

polydipsia

烦渴

Front 31

Elimination of large amounts of urine, as in diabetes mellitus

Back 31

polyuria

多尿症

Front 32

Accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

Back 32

retention of urine

尿潴留

Front 33

kidney stone that fills the renal pelvis and calyces to give a
“staghorn” appearance

Back 33

staghorn calculus

鹿角石

Front 34

A cystlike dilation of the ureter near its opening into the bladder.
Usually results from a congenital narrowing of the ureteral opening
(Fig. 13-15).

Back 34

ureterocele

输尿管口囊肿

Front 35

A need to urinate often without an increase in average output

Back 35

urinary frequency

尿频

Front 36

Sudden need to urinate

Back 36

urinary urgency

尿急

Front 37

Excess intake or retention of water with decrease in sodium concentration.
May result from excess drinking, excess ADH, or replacement
of a large amount of body fluid with pure water. Causes
an imbalance in the cellular environment with edema and other
disturbances.

Back 37

water intoxication

水中毒

Front 38

A malignant tumor of the kidney that usually appears in children before
the age of 5 years

Back 38

Wilms tumor

肾母细胞瘤

Front 39

A measure of electrolyte imbalance

Back 39

anion gap

阴离子间隙

Front 40

Nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea. An increase in BUN indicates
an increase in nitrogenous waste products in the blood and
renal failure.

Back 40

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

尿素氮

Front 41

A urine sample obtained after thorough cleansing of the urethral
opening and collected in midstream to minimize the chance of
contamination

Back 41

clean-catch specimen

Front 42

A study of bladder function in which the bladder is filled with fluid
or air and the pressure exerted by the bladder muscle at varying
degrees of filling is measured. The tracing recorded is a cystometrogram.

Back 42

cystometrography

膀胱内压测量图

Front 43

Laboratory study of the proteins in urine; used to diagnose multiple
myeloma, systemic lupus erythematosus, lymphoid tumor

Back 43

protein electrophoresis
(PEP)

蛋白电泳

Front 44

Device for measuring the specific gravity of urine

Back 44

urinometer

尿比重计

Front 45

A substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to
diuresis

Back 45

diuretic

利尿药

Front 46

A urinary tract catheter with a balloon at one end that prevents the
catheter from leaving the bladder (see Fig. 13-5)

Back 46

indwelling Foley catheter

留置导尿

Front 47

Instrument for crushing a bladder stone

Back 47

lithotrite

碎石器