Supplemental To Flashcards For Ap 11

Front 1

appeal to special rules or principles

Back 1

In an argument, the citation of rules or laws that an audience believes in, such as the principle that everyone is innocent until proven guilty

Front 2

appeal to tradition

Back 2

the technique of citing or alluding to well-known sources that are part of the audience's cultural tradition and that the audience is likely to revere.

Front 3

aposiopesis

Back 3

a breaking off of speech, usually due to rising emotion or excitement

Front 4

apostrophe

Back 4

a direct address to an absent or dead person, or to an object, quality or idea

Front 5

Appeal to the probable or likely

Back 5

a form of argument in which a claim is supported by reference to what seems most plausible or what one would expect in a given situation. such appeals are usually made when more solid or factual evidence is unavailable

Front 6

archetype

Back 6

a theme, motif, symbol, or character that hold a familiar and fixed place in a culture's consciousness

Front 7

argument by comparison

Back 7

a means of argument by which two situations re presented as similar (or dissimilarly), usually to suggest that what is valid for one situation should be valid for the other

Front 8

argument by definition

Back 8

form of argument in wich the writer defines a term by placing it in particular category, thereby claiming that what is true for the whole category is true for the particular term

Front 9

argument from cuase and effect

Back 9

a form of argumentation in which a cause and effect relationship is presented in support of another proposition. example: Children's television programs should not run advertisements for sugary cereals becuase such advertisement are contributing to an increase in sugar consumption and diabetes among children.

Front 10

autobiography

Back 10

the narrative of a person's life written by that person

Front 11

auxesis

Back 11

arranging words or cluases in sequence of increasing force

Front 12

bildungsroman

Back 12

a novel about the education or psychological growth of the protagonist (or main character)

Front 13

canon

Back 13

an evolving group of literary works considered essential to a culture's literary tradition

Front 14

biography

Back 14

the nonfictional story of an individual's life, written by someone else

Front 15

chiasmus

Back 15

two phrases in which the syntax is the same but the placement of words is reversed: ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country

Front 16

cliche

Back 16

an expression that has been used so frequently it has lost its expressive power

Front 17

cosmic irony

Back 17

the perception of fte or the universe as malicious or indifferent to human suffering, which creates a painful contrast between a character's purposeful activity and its ultimate meaninglessness

Front 18

deductive reasoning

Back 18

reasonin in which one derives a specific conclusion from something generally or universally understood to be true

Front 19

delayed sentence

Back 19

a sentence that delays introducing the subject and verb (or independent clause) until the end

Front 20

dramatic irony (aka tragic irony)

Back 20

a technique in which the author lets the reader in on a character's situation while the character remains in the dark; thus the character's words and actions carry a significance that he or she is not aware of

Front 21

allusion

Back 21

an implicit reference within a literary work to a historical or literary person, place, or event.

Front 22

Ellipsis

Back 22

a figureof speech in which a word or short phrase is ommitted but easily understood from the context

Front 23

emblem

Back 23

a concrete object aht represents something abstract; unlike a symbol, it has a fixed meaning tha tdoes not change over time

Front 24

epithet

Back 24

an adjective or phrase that describes a prominent or distinguishing feature of a person or thing

Front 25

allegory

Back 25

a narrative in which literal meaning corresponds directly iwth symbolic meaning; in n allegory, ech element symbolizes something else

Front 26

anachronism

Back 26

n error in chronology; a reference that is inconsistant or inaccurate in view of the time in whcih a story is set

Front 27

epizeuxis

Back 27

repetition of the same word with no other words in between for emphasisana

Front 28

anadiplosis

Back 28

repetition of an important word from one phrase or clause (usually the last word) at the beginning of another phrase or clause

Front 29

foreshadowing

Back 29

an author's deliberate use of hints or suggestions to give a preview of events or themes that do not develop until later in the narrative

Front 30

euphemism

Back 30

the use of decorous language to express unpleasant or vulgar ideas, events, or actions

Front 31

analogy

Back 31

a comparison based on a specific similarity between things that are otherwise unlike, or the inference that if two things are alike in some ways, they will be alike in others. often analogies draw a comparison between something abstract and something more concrete or easier to visualize

Front 32

anthimeria

Back 32

a type of pun is which one part of speech is substituted for another (in this case, a noun or a verb). This sentence also demonstrates hyperbole.