Supplemental Study For Complicated Pregnancy

Front 1

Spontaneous abortion is the loss of a fetus due to natural causes at how many weeks?

Back 1

-20 weeks

Front 2

-80% of spontaneous abortions occur in what trimester?

Back 2

-first

Front 3

-50% of 1st trimester abortions are caused by what?

Back 3

-chromosomal anomalies

Front 4

-Spontaneous abortions are often discovered how?

Back 4

-fetal heart activity cant be detected

Front 5

-What are the 3 types of spontaneous abortions?

Back 5

-threatened, inevitable, incomplete

Front 6

-What is done for an incomplete abortion before 14 wks?

Back 6

-D&C + IV Pitocin

Front 7

-What is done for an incomplete abortion after 14 weeks?

Back 7

-pitocin or prostaglandins

Front 8

-DIC should be monitored in what type of spontaneous abortion?

Back 8

-missed

Front 9

-In what type of spontaneous abortion do membranes rupture and cervix dilates?

Back 9

-inevitable

Front 10

-In what type of spontaneous abortion should pt be referred for D&C?

Back 10

-inevitable

Front 11

Where are the majority of ectopic pregnancies found?

Back 11

-fallopian tube

Front 12

-What causes the highest risk for ectopic pregnancies?

Back 12

-previous genital infections

Front 13

-What medication is used for an ectopic pregnancy?

Back 13

-methotrexate

Front 14

-Assays of what enzyme rise in ectopic pregnancy?

Back 14

-BSU

Front 15

-What type of hydatidiform mole is a result of two sperm fertilizing a normal ovum?

Back 15

-partial mole

Front 16

-What type of hydatidiform mole is from fertilization of egg with inactivated nucleus?

Back 16

-complete (classic)

Front 17

-What are the symptoms of hydatiform mole?

Back 17

-vaginal bleeding, increased uterus size, no fetal heart tone, n/v, early PIH

Front 18

-What is the treatment for hydatiform mole?

Back 18

-vacuum aspiration and curettage

Front 19

-What is the hallmark sign of placenta previa?

Back 19

-painless vaginal bleeding with sudden onset

Front 20

-When does bleeding start in placenta previa?

Back 20

-third trimester

Front 21

What are the tree types of placenta previa/

Back 21

-complete, partial, marginal

Front 22

-What imaging is used first in placenta previa to determine placental placement?

Back 22

-ultrasound

Front 23

-What type of exam has to be avoided in placenta previa/

Back 23

-pelvic exam, digital exam

Front 24

-What is done if the fetus > 36 wks and there is placenta previa?

Back 24

-amnio to check lung maturity, delivery

Front 25

-What is done if the fetus is immature, the mom is stable but has placenta previa?

Back 25

-bedrest, no sex, report bleeding

Front 26

-What is present in 50% of women with placental abruption?

Back 26

-maternal hypertensive disorders

Front 27

-What is the hallmark sign of placental abruption?

Back 27

-painful vag bleeding

Front 28

-In major placental abruption the uterus becomes “woody hard” and is called what?

Back 28

-couvelaire uterus

Front 29

-What is a serious complication of placental abruption causing widespread external/internal bleeding?

Back 29

-DIC

Front 30

-What is the treatment for incompetent cervix?

Back 30

-cerclage (sutures to close cervix)

Front 31

What 3 monitoring tests are done every week in a postterm pregnancy?

Back 31

-NST (non stress test)

-CST (contraction stimulation test)

-BP (bio physical profile)

Front 32

-What condition resulting in accumulation of fluid is caused by the mothers blood destroying the fetus’ blood (Rh antigens)?

Back 32

-hydrops fetalis

Front 33

-When is RhoGAM given to the mother if she is Rh negative?

Back 33

-at 28 weeks, during amniocentesis, 72 hrs postpartum

Front 34

-A 3 hour glucose tolerance test at 28wks is performed if the one hour test had what result?

Back 34

-blood sugar >140

Front 35

-Gestational diabetes is diagnosed when a 3 hr GTT has what results?

Back 35

-blood sugar >105 or

-1hr > 190, 2hr > 165, 3hr > 145

Front 36

-What is the treatment for mothers with DM or gestational diabetes?

Back 36

-insulin TID, check FBS and glycosolated Hgb, NSS/BPP weekly, amniocentesis

Front 37

-What defines pregnancy induced hypertension?

Back 37

BP > 140/90, proteinuria >300mg/24hr, after 20 weeks gestation

Front 38

-What is a microvascular, vasospastic, hypertensive disorder of the second half of pregnancy?

Back 38

-preeclampsia

Front 39

-Deficiency of what chemical causes preeclampsia?

Back 39

-prostacyclin

Front 40

-What medication is used to treat preeclampsia?

Back 40

-MgSO4

Front 41

What does HELLP stand for in severe preeclampsia?




































-endometritis

Back 41

-hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

Front 42

-What is the most common complication of HELLP?

Back 42

-placental abruption

Front 43

-What is the most frequent cause of post partum hemorrhage?

Back 43

-uterine atony

Front 44

-What meds are given for post partum hemorrhage?

Back 44

-lactated ringers IV, normal saline + oxytocin, ergonovine or methyl orgonovine

Front 45

-What is placenta accreta?

Back 45

-slight penetration of placenta into myometrium

Front 46

-What is placenta percreta?

Back 46

-penetration to the point of perforation of myometrium

Front 47

-What is placenta increta?

Back 47

-deep penetration of mometrium

Front 48

-What postpartum complication is caused by venous stasis and hypercoagulation?

Back 48

-DVT leading to PE

Front 49

-What is puerperal sepsis?

Back 49

-any infection of genital canal within 28 days after birth/abortion?

Front 50

-What is the most common source of postpartum infection?

Back 50

-endometritis

Front 51

What is the most common bacterial cause of mastitis?

Back 51

-staph aureus

Front 52

-How is mastitis treated?

Back 52

-dicloxacillin, penicillinase resistant penicllin, or clindamycin-

breastfeeding should continue

Front 53

-What can be a complication of mastitis?

Back 53

-frank abscesses

Front 54

-50-70% of women develop what after giving birth?

Back 54

-post partum blues (bouts of sadness and crying)

Front 55

-This is access to nutritionally adequate, culturally compatible diet at all times that is not obtained through emergency food programs?

Back 55

-food security

Front 56

-What condition is a chronic, autoimmune, subepidermal, blistering skin disease?

Back 56

-bullous pemphigoid

Front 57

-What is seen in pts with bullous pemphigoid?

Back 57

-itching/burning skin, IgG in basement membrane

Front 58

-How is bullous pemphigoid treated?

Back 58

topical steroids, immunosuppressants if severe

Front 59

-What is the most common type of noncancerous skin growths in older adults?

Back 59

-seborrheic keratosis

Front 60

-What is seen in the eye from cholesterol deposits and is a sign of CAD if pt < 40 y.o.?

Back 60

-arcus senilis

Front 61

What screening tests are done in the musculoskeletal exam?

Back 61

-“touch the back of your head with your hands”

-“pick up the spoon”

-“up and go”

Front 62

-Estrogen can be used to treat what conditions in the elderly?

Back 62

-atrophic vaginitis with incontinence, itching, dyspareunia

Front 63

-What PE tests will be negative/absent in neuropathy?

Back 63

-achilles tendon reflex, vibratory sense, great toe position sense, unipedal stance

Front 64

-What presentations of disease may be altered in the elderly compared to normal?

Back 64

-temp and WBC may be WNL or low, lethargy/confusion/agitation are symptoms

Front 65

-What is the neonatal period?

Back 65

-first 28 days (early birth to 6 d, late 7-27 d)

Front 66

-How much bili do newborns produce per day?

Back 66

-6-8 mg/kg

Front 67

-What causes physiologic jaundice?

Back 67

-inability of newborn to conjugate bili (lack of enzymes)

Front 68

-Jaundice is visible in newborn at what level of bili?

Back 68

- >5 mg/dl

Front 69

-When does physiological jaundice appear?

Back 69

-after 24 hrs, max by 7-8th day preterm

Front 70

-When does pathological jaundice appear?

Back 70

-within 24 hrs

Front 71

-What are the levels of bili in rate of bili rise seen in pathological jaundice?

Back 71

- >15 mg/dl, >5 mg/dl rise per day

-direct bili >2mg/dl

Front 72

-What are causes of jaundice to appear within 24 hrs?

Back 72

-hemolytic ds of newborn (Rh, ABO), torch, malaria, G6PD deficiency

Front 73

-What cause of jaundice occurs after 72 hrs and is caused by decreased volume and frequency of feedings?

Back 73

-breast milk jaundice

Front 74

-What are symptoms of kernicterus in NB?

Back 74

-lethargy, poor feeding, absent moros, opisthotonus/convulsions

Front 75

-What are causes of prolonged indirect jaundice?

Back 75

-crigler najjar syndrome, breast milkjaundice, hypothyroidism, pyloric stenosis, ongoing hemolysis/malaria

Front 76

-What are causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?

Back 76

-hepatitis, TORCH, sepsis, biliary atresia, galactosemia, tyrosinemia, total parenteral nutrition

Front 77

-What causes transient tachypnea of newborn?

Back 77

-residual fluid in fetal lung tissues

Front 78

-What causes RDS?

Back 78

-surfactant deficiency

Front 79

-Giving what meds at 24-34 wks reduces risk of RDS when risk of preterm delivery is high?

Back 79

-corticosteroids