Superficial & Deep Back; Suboccipital Triangle

Front 1

Describe Extrinsic musculature

Back 1

Superficial and intermediate, controls limb and respiratory movement, NN by anterior rami of spinal nerves except for embryologic

Front 2

Describe intrinsic musculature

Back 2

Only associated with axial skeleton, deep muscles, acts on vertebral column for posture, NN by posterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 3

Name the muscles in the 2 layers of the superficial group

Back 3

1. Trapezius Latissimus dorsi
2. Levator scapulae, Rhomboid minor and major

Front 4

Trapezius: origin

Back 4

medial nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12

Front 5

Trapezius: Insertion

Back 5

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Front 6

Trapezius NN:

Back 6

Cranial nerve: XI (spinal accessory nerve)

Front 7

Trapezius actions:

Back 7

elevates, retracts and rotates scapula upward/superiorily

Front 8

Latissimus Dorsi: origin

Back 8

Spinous processes of T7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, last 3-4 ribs

Front 9

Latissimus Dorsi: insertion

Back 9

Intertubercular groove of humerus

Front 10

Latissimus Dorsi: NN

Back 10

Thoracodorsal nerve

Front 11

Latissimus Dorsi: actions

Back 11

Extend, adducts, medially rotates HUMERUS

Front 12

Levator Scapulae: origin

Back 12

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Front 13

Levator Scapulae: insertion

Back 13

Medial border of scapula

Front 14

Levator Scapulae: NN

Back 14

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 15

Levator Scapulae: actions

Back 15

elevates scapula and rotates scapula downward/inferiorily

Front 16

Rhomboid Major: origin

Back 16

Spinous processes of T2-5

Front 17

Rhomboid Major: insertion

Back 17

Medial border of scapula

Front 18

Rhomboid Major: NN

Back 18

Dorsal Scapular nerve

Front 19

Rhomboid Major: action

Back 19

retracts scapula and rotates it downward/inferiorly, fixes scapular to thoracic wall

Front 20

Rhomboid Minor: Origin

Back 20

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1

Front 21

Rhomboid Minor: insertion

Back 21

Medial border of scapula

Front 22

Rhomboid Minor: NN

Back 22

Dorsal Scapular nerve

Front 23

Rhomboid Minor: actions

Back 23

Retract scapula and rotates it downward/inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

Front 24

What muscles make the intermediate group of the back?

Back 24

Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior

Front 25

Serratus posterior superior: origin

Back 25

Ligamentum, nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T3

Front 26

Serratus posterior superior: insertion

Back 26

Superior border of ribs 2-4

Front 27

Serratus posterior superior: NN

Back 27

intercostal nerves (T1-4, T2-5)

Front 28

Serratus posterior superior: actions

Back 28

proprioception/elevates ribs

Front 29

Serratus posterior inferior: origin

Back 29

Spinous process of T11-T12

Front 30

Serratus posterior inferior: insertion

Back 30

Inferior border of ribs 8/9-12

Front 31

Serratus posterior inferior: NN

Back 31

Intercostal nerves T9-12

Front 32

Serratus posterior inferior: actions

Back 32

proprioception, depresses ribs

Front 33

What muscles make up the deep group of the back?
superficial;
intermediate;
deep

Back 33

(intrinsic), NN by dorsal rami of spinal nerves,
1. Splenius (capitus & cervicis)
2. Erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, & spinalis)
3. transversospinalis (semispinalis capitis, multifidus, rotatores)

Front 34

Splenius capitis & cervicis: origin

Back 34

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3/4

Front 35

Splenius capitis & cervicis: insertion

Back 35

capitis: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line

Front 36

Splenius capitis & cervicis: NN

Back 36

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 37

Splenius capitis & cervices: actions

Back 37

ALONE: lateral flexion of the neck, rotate head to side of active muscles
TOGETHER: extension of head and neck

Front 38

Erector Spinae: name muscles & origin

Back 38

iliocostalis, longissimuc, spinalis;
arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacroiliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes and supraspinous ligament

Front 39

Erector Spinae (iliocostalis): insertion

Back 39

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

Front 40

Erector spinae (longissimus): insertion

Back 40

thoracis, cervis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions, and to mastoid process of temporal bone

Front 41

Erector spinae (spinalis): insertion

Back 41

thoracis, cervicis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium

Front 42

Erector spinae: name muscles & NN

Back 42

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis; posterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 43

Erector Spinae: name muscles & actions

Back 43

iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis;
1. acting bilaterally- extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers
2. acting unilaterally- laterally flex vertebral column

Front 44

Back injuries: sprain vs strain

Back 44

1. sprain- only ligamentous tissue is involved, longer to heal, sudden movement
2. common sports injury, stretching or microscopic tearing of muscle fibers,

Front 45

List the 4 muscles of the suboccipital triangle (first the ones that make the triangle)

Back 45

1. Rectus capitis major
2. superior oblique
3. inferior oblique
4. rectus capitis minor

Front 46

Rectus capitis posterior major: origin

Back 46

spinous process of C2

Front 47

Rectus capitis posterior major: insertion

Back 47

lateral part of inferior nuchal line

Front 48

Rectus capitis posterior major: NN

Back 48

Suboccipital nerve C1

Front 49

Rectus capitis major: acitons

Back 49

extends neck and rotates to same side

Front 50

rectus capitis minor: origin

Back 50

posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1

Front 51

Rectus capitis minor: insertion

Back 51

medial part of inferior nuchal line

Front 52

Rectus capitis minor: NN

Back 52

Suboccipital nerve C1

Front 53

Rectus capitis minor: actions

Back 53

extension of neck

Front 54

Obliquus capitis inferor: origin

Back 54

posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2

Front 55

Obliquus capitis inferior: insertion

Back 55

Transverse process of C1

Front 56

Obliquus capitis inferior: NN

Back 56

Suboccipital nerve C1

Front 57

Obliquus capitis inferior: actions

Back 57

rotates atlas to turn face to same side

Front 58

Obliquus capitis superior: origin

Back 58

transverse process of C1

Front 59

Obliquus capitis superior: insertion

Back 59

occipital bone

Front 60

Obliquus capitis superior: NN

Back 60

suboccipital nerve C1

Front 61

Obliquus capitis superior: actions

Back 61

Extension of neck, lateral flexion